英汉互译的可译性限度及其应对策略英语专业毕业论文.docx

英汉互译的可译性限度及其应对策略英语专业毕业论文.docx

《英汉互译的可译性限度及其应对策略英语专业毕业论文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英汉互译的可译性限度及其应对策略英语专业毕业论文.docx（29页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英汉互译的可译性限度及其应对策略英语专业毕业论文

Abstract

Thequestionwhetherlanguagesaretranslatablehasbeenlongdiscussedintheacademiccircle.Thisthesisbrieflyformulatesthehistoryandpresentstheconditionoftheresearchonthelimitsoftranslatability.Then,itclarifiesitslinguisticandculturalreasonsandfindssomewaystoreducethelimitsoftranslatability.

Throughexplainingtherelationshipsoflanguage,cultureandtranslation,Chapter1leadstothepropositionofthisthesis-thelimitsoftranslatability.Becauseoftheinter-restrictionandinter-influencebetweenlanguageandculture,translation,asadisseminativeintermediary,meansnotonlyinformationexchangebutalsoculturespread.Culturaluniversalitymakestranslationpossible,butitspeculiaritybringsaboutthelimitsoftranslatability.Chapter2expoundsthenotion,categoriesandcausesoftranslatabilitylimits.Chapter3pointsouttherelativityofthelimitsoftranslatability,andtheninquiresintothetranslationstrategiesandcompensatingapproachesthatcanreducethelimitsoftranslatability.Chapter4belongstotheconclusion.Translationisasystemofengineering,whichinterpenetrateslinguisticandculturallevels,combiningvariouskindsofelements.Thetranslatabilitylimitsinevitablyexists,butit’srelativeandchangeable.Withtheexpansionofinternationalculturalinterflows,thelimitsoftranslatabilitycanbereducedthroughtranslators’constantefforts.

Keywords:

limitsoftranslatability;linguistic;culture;compensatingstrategies.

摘要

语言是否可译的问题在学术界长期争论不休，一直没有达成一致的见解。

本文将对可译性限度的研究历史及现状作一个简单的介绍，然后阐明造成可译性限度的语言、文化方面的原因，最后找出降低可译性限度的方法。

本文第一章通过对语言、文化和翻译三者之间相互关系的解释引入该论文的论题—可译性限度。

由于语言和文化的相互影响和相互制约，作为传播媒介的翻译不仅意味着信息的传递，还意味着文化的传播。

人类文化的普同性使翻译成为可能，但文化的差异性又导致了可译性限度。

第二章着重阐述可译性限度的概念、种类及产生的原因。

第三章指出可译性限度的相对性，然后探讨降低可译性限度的翻译策略和补偿方法。

第四章是对前三章的总结。

翻译是一个贯穿语言、文化，综合各种因素的系统工程，可译性限度虽然存在，但它是相对变化的，随着跨文化交际的加深和翻译工作者的不懈努力，可译性限度终将降低。

关键词：

可译性限度；语言；文化；补偿策略

Contents

Abstract1

摘要2

Chapter1Language,CultureandTranslation5

1.1OnCulture5

1.1.1TheDefinitionofCulture5

1.1.2TheCategoriesofCulture6

1.1.3TheTraitsofCulture6

1.2LanguageandCulture7

1.2.1CultureContainsLanguage7

1.2.2LanguageIstheCarrierofCulture8

1.2.3TheInter-influencebetweenLanguageandCulture9

1.3CultureandTranslation9

Chapter2TheLimitsofLinguisticandCulturalTranslatability11

2.1TheNotionoftheLimitsofTranslatability11

2.2TwoCausesoftheLimitsofTranslatability12

2.2.1TheLimitsofTranslatabilityasAreRootedinLinguisticAnisomorphism12

2.2.2TheLimitsofTranslatabilityasAreRootedinCulturalAnisomorphism13

2.3TheLimitsofLinguisticTranslatability16

2.3.1TheLimitsofTranslatabilityinPronunciation16

2.3.2.TheLimitsofTranslatabilityinCharacterStructure18

2.3.3TheLimitsofTranslatabilityinVocabulary20

2.3.4.TheLimitsofTranslatabilityinFiguresofSpeech21

2.4TheLimitsofCulturalTranslatability25

2.4.1MaterialCulture26

2.4.2TraditionalCulture27

2.4.3ReligiousCulture27

2.4.4HistoricalCulture28

Chapter3WaystoReducetheLimitsofTranslatability30

3.1.Adaptation30

3.2.Borrowing（Transliteration）31

3.3.Translator’sNote32

3.4.Calque33

3.5.Paraphrase34

3.6ContextualAmplification35

Chapter4Conclusion36

Aknowledgements37

Bibliography38

Chapter1Language,CultureandTranslation

Inthestudyofmoderntheoriesoftranslation,theresearchoftheinterrelationshipoflanguage,cultureandtranslationisofgreatimportanceandinfluence.Theresearchoftherelationshipbetweencultureandtranslationshouldbebasedonthatbetweencultureandlanguage.

1.1OnCulture

Theresearchoftheinterrelationshipoflanguage,cultureandtranslationisaprerequisiteoftheunderstandingofthedefinition,structureandbasictraitsofculture.Thissectionwillgiveabriefexplanationofthem.

1.1.1TheDefinitionofCulture

Asforculture,thedefinitionsvaryfromonetoanother.Awell-acceptedoneis“cultureisthebodyofcustomarybeliefs,socialforms,andmaterialtraitsconstitutingadistinctcomplexoftraditionofaracial,religiousorsocialgroup”（SpringfieldandMassachusetts,1962:

552）.Itservesasamirrorreflectingthedynamicevolutionofhumansociety.Embeddedindifferentsocieties,culturesnaturallydifferfromoneanother.Distinctionsbetweenculturesarecalled“culturalincongruity”,whichgivesrisetolotsofthornyproblemsininter-lingualtranslation.However,suchinconveniencesarenotperpetual,forculturesareinconstantdevelopment“duetochangesintheirexternalenvironmentandinternalneeds”（DirkDelabastita,1993:

17）.Throughclashesandexchanges,culturesinteractandpenetrateoneanothertothepointthatsometraitsofoneculturegraduallygetintegratedintoanother.Inthiswayculturalaffinitiesareexpandedandculturaldisparitiesarereduced.

1.1.2TheCategoriesofCulture

Fortheword“culture”ispolysemous,theclassificationsonitarethusvariedandvarious.APersianEnglishman,Malinowski，accordingtothefunctionofculture,classifiesitasmaterialfacilities,spiritualculture,languageandsocialorganizations（李波阳,田琳,2006:

131）.LiangShuming,aChinesescholar,fromtheperspectiveoftherelationshipbetweenmanandsociety,dividescultureintothreelevels.Thefirstoneisspirituallevel,suchasreligion,philosophy,art,etc.Thesecondissociallife,suchassocialorganizations,politicsystemandeconomicrelation,etc.Thelastismateriallife,suchasclothing,drinking,dietingandhousing.（梁漱溟,1989:

339）

Asamatteroffact,nomatterhowitisclassified,itneversurpassesthetwogeneralcategories:

“materialculture”and“spiritualculture”.AccordingtoEugeneNida,cultureisdividedintofivetypesofsub-culture:

linguisticculture,ecologicalculture,religiousculture,materialcultureandsocialculture.（赵爱国,姜雅明,2003:

203）

1.1.3TheTraitsofCulture

Tounderstandthebasictraitsofcultureisofgreatsignificanceforthisthesis.Culturehasmanytraits,forinstance,cultureisuniversal;cultureisdifferentindifferentspeechcommunities;culturechangeswiththepassageoftimeandcultureisopen.Culturaluniversityreferstooneofthecharacteristicsofculturethatdifferentnationsholdsomethingcommonwhichdistinguisheshumanbeingsfromtheanimal.“Culturaldistinction”meanscultureisdifferentindifferentspeechcommunities.Culturechangeswiththepassageoftimeand“cultureisopen”meansthatcultureisinaconstantdevelopment.

1.2LanguageandCulture

Ifwemakearesearchintolanguageandcultureintranslation,wemustfirstlystudythedirectoperatingobjectoftranslation-thepositionoflanguageinculturalsystemanditsrelationshipwithculture.

Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthatlanguageisanessentialandindispensablepartofagivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomethingintrinsicandindispensable.Languageandcultureareinextricablylinkedtogetherandcloselyrelatedtoeachother.Languageisapartofcultureandplaysasignificantroleinit.Withoutlanguage,culturewouldnotbepossible.Language,initsbroadestsense,isthesymbolicrepresentationofanation'sculturebutinfluencedandshapedbyit.

1.2.1CultureContainsLanguage

Languageisanacceptedsymbolsystemformedthroughaspeechcommunity’scommonsocialpractice.Itactsasthetoolbywhichpeopleconductcommunication.Itisanintegralpartofculture,orwesayculturecontainslanguage.

Languageisaspecialculturalphenomenon.Itisdeeplyrootedinsociallifeasbotharepresentingformandamainvehicleofculturaltransmission.Everykindoflanguageisoriginatedanddevelopedinaspecifichistoricalenvironment.Ithasadeepandcomplicatedrelationshipwithitsbirthnation’sculture,includingitsstructureandfunction,itsphonology,vocabularyandgrammar.It’ssafetosaythatnon-understandingofalanguage’ssocialandculturalbackgroundsmakesitimpossibletounderstanditsconnotations.Asdifferentspeakingcommunitiesinhabitindifferentenvironmentalareasandtheirperceptionoftheexternalworldisnotthesame,thevocabularysysteminonelanguageanditsconceptualandconnotativemeaningarespeciallyappointed.Theyarehistoricallyandculturallyrestrictedbyitsoriginalnation.Byacomparativeresearchintothevocabularysystemoftwospeechcommunities,wecanfindthat,inmostcases,themeaningofavocabularyinonelanguagehasnoequalcounterpartinanother.Forinstance,theword“yellow”canbefoundinalmosteverylanguage,butitsassociativemeaningsmaydiffergreatlyindifferentnations.InChina,“yellow”symbolizespowerandhighsocialstatus,whileinthewestpeoplemaynotassociateitwiththem.

Asfortherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture,thereisahotcontroversyamonglinguists,butitisuniversallyacceptedthatlanguageisanindispensablepartofandhasalmostallthecharacteristicsofculture.

1.2.2LanguageIstheCarrierofCulture

Cultureisacomplicatedsystemwhichcanservetostoreandtransmitsocialexperience.Butthesocialexperienceisnotstoredandtransmittedbycultureitselfbutbylanguage.Thatis,languageisthecarrierofculture.

Languagefunctionsasaninformationmedium,andatoolbywhichpeopleexpresstheirideasandfeelings.Eachlanguagesystemisformedalongwiththeformationofculturalsystemandreflectsit.Thelanguagesystemofthewholehumanbeingsispatternedcomplexlyandvariously.Inanotherword,differentspeechcommunitieshavedifferentlanguagepatterns.Eachpatternoflanguagesystemreflectsitsspeechcommunity’scognitionoftherealworld