新高考高一英语时文阅读精编含中文翻译及答案解析.docx
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新高考高一英语时文阅读精编含中文翻译及答案解析
新高考高一英语时文阅读精编(含中文翻译及答案解析)
A
Coronavirussurvivorshavespokenoutaboutwhatitisliketocontractthedisease,whichhasinfectedmorethan132,000worldwideandkilledover5,000people.
Asfearsoverthecoronaviruspandemicspread,there’sonequestionthatcomesupagainandagain—howbadisitreally?
Theseverityofsymptomscanvarydramatically,fromamildsniffletoahellishfeelingofsuffocation.
Herearesomeofthecoronaviruspatients'stories:
JaimuaySae-ung,73
JaimuaySae-ungwasthefirstThainationaltocontractcoronavirus,becomingillinDecember.Sheexperiencedafeverandabadcough,thendevelopedpneumonia(肺炎)whileinquarantine.After10days,Jaimuay’sconditionhadimprovedandshewaseventuallydischargedfollowingtwonegativetestresults.
CarlGoldman,67
CarlGoldman,fromSantaClaritainCalifornia,wasontheDiamondPrincesscruiseshipandlatertestedpositiveforcoronavirus.Hesaidthevirus“hasn'tbeenthatbad”.Hedevelopedafeverand“abitofacough”duringhisflightbacktoAmericaandwasquarantinedonhisreturn.Hesaid:
“ThesickestI'veeverbeenwaswhenIhadbronchitis(支气管炎)severalyearsago.Thishasbeenmucheasier—nochills,nobodyaches.IbreatheeasilyandIdon'thaveastuffynose.“MychestfeelstightandIhavecoughingspells.IfIhadbeenathomewithsimilarsymptoms,Iprobablywouldhavegonetoworkasusual.”Afterhavingtheillnessforonemonth,Carlnowhasnosymptoms,butisstilltestingpositive.
MarcThibault,48
TeacherMarc,fromRhodeIsland,intheUS,ledaschoolfieldtriptoItaly,FranceandSpainlastmonthandwasadmittedtohospitalonFebruary27,fivedaysafterhereturnedhome.Aweeklaterhewasdiagnosedwithcoronavirus.Hesaidtheillnesshadhithim“likeahurricane”.Marc,aschoolviceprincipal,said:
“Youfeellikeyou'reasphyxiating,andyou’repanickingbecauseyoucan’tbreathe.Headdedthathefelt“oneinchfromdeath”andremainsinintensivecare.
1.Howmucharethesymptomsofthethreecoronaviruspatientsalike?
A.Verysimilar.B.Lightlydifferent.C.Extremelydifferent.D.ExactlySame.
2.Whichcanexplaintheunderlinedword“discharged”correctly?
A.Isolated.B.Permitted.C.Dismissed.D.Released.
3.WhichstatementisRightaboutthethreepeople?
A.Jaimuaywasstillinhospitalthoughshehasgotnegativetestresults.
B.CarlGoldmanhasgotinfectedontheDiamondPrincesscruiseship.
C.TheschoolteacherMarcandhisstudentshavegotinfectedinItaly.
D.CarlGoldmanhasnosymptomsandhasbeentestednegativenow.
4.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowbywritingthepassage?
A.Theseriousinfluencecoronavirushashad
B.Waystopreventoneselffrombeinginfected
C.Thoughtsofpeopleaboutthecoronavirus
D.Thefeelingsofsomeinfectedpeople
B
TheSeriousReasonYouShouldNeverStorePotatoesintheFridge
Itcouldputyourhealthatrisk.
You’vejustcomebackfromthefarmer’smarketorthegrocerystorewithabigsack
ofpotatoes.Butyou’renotgoingtousethemallatonce,sothebestwaytokeepthemfreshistostoretheminthefridge,right?
Notsofast.Whenitcomestopotatoes,stickingthemintherefrigeratorcouldincreaseyourriskofcancer.Why?
Here’sthechemistrybehindit:
Thecoldertemperatureofarefrigeratorcanconvert
thestarch(淀粉)inpotatoesintosugar.
Then,whenyoubakeorfrythepotatoesattemperaturesabove250ºF,thosesugarscombinewiththeaminoacidasparagine(天冬酰胺氨基酸)andproduceachemicalcalledacrylamide(丙烯酰胺),accordingtotheAmericanCancerSociety.
Acrylamideisachemicalthat’susedtomakepaper,dyes,andplastics,aswellastotreatdrinkingwaterandsewage
.Themainwaypeopleareexposedtoacrylamideisthroughsmoking,butit’salsofoundinfoodssuchasFrenchfriesandpotatochips,crackers,bread,cookies,cereals,andcoffee.
Sohowdangerousisacrylamide?
Researchinmicehasshownthatthechemicalincreasedthesubjects’riskofcancer.Studiesinhumanshaven’tdemonstratedconsistent
evidencethatexposuretoacrylamidethroughdietraisestherisk,buttherehavebeenmixedresultsaboutkidney,endometrial,andovariancancer.
Thoughmiceandhumansmetabolize
acrylamideatdifferentrates,theNationalToxicologyProgramclassifiesthechemicalasacarcinogen(致癌物)basedonstudiesoflabanimalsthatingested
acrylamideindrinkingwater.
Thegoodnews?
Studieshaveshownthatnotrefrigeratingpotatoesanddecreasingcookingtimetoavoidbrowningcanreduceacrylamidecontent.SoplayitsafeandgowiththeAmericanCancerSociety’srecommendation
foryourspuds
:
Keepthemoutofthefridge,storetheminacool,dryplace,suchasacabinet
orpantry
andjustcookthemlightly.butdon’tthinkyourpantryisyourbe-allandend-allwhenitcomestofoodstorage.
C
IrinaKolesnikovahasawealthofcreditsonherdancecard,buttheprimaballerina(芭蕾舞女演员)hasmadehercareerfromoneparticularroleofalifetime.
ThatwouldbethefamousyinandyangcharactersofOdetteandOdileinTchaikovsky’sSwanLake,whichhasbecomeherpersonaltrademarksincetheageof21.HerperformanceastheSwanQueenisregardedasastandoutforaballetthathasbeenredonecountlesstimesonthestageandsilverscreenfornearly150years.Afterherdebutatthe LondonColiseum,TheTelegraphdescribedKolesnikova’sperformanceofOdetteas“trulyathingofremarkablebeauty.”KolesnikovajustmadeherU.S.debutandtookthetimetospeakwithFortune.
Fortune:
Whatinspiredyoutogointoballet?
Kolesnikova:
WhenIwas5,Isawaballet,TheSleepingBeauty,onTV,andIwassoimpressedbywhatI’dseen.That’swhenIdecidedtobeaballetdancer.
Fortune:
PlayingthetwinrolesofOdetteandOdilehasbecomeabitofatrademarkforyou.WhatattractedyouinSwanLake?
Areyoulookingforwardtotryingnewprojects?
Kolesnikova:
Firstofall,inmyrepertoire(全部节目)ofclassicalballet,thereisnotonlySwanLake,butalsoTheNutcracker,RomeoandJuliet,andalsomyfavorite:
LaBayadere.InregardstoSwanLake,IreallylovethisballetasIhaveachancetoshowtwooppositecharactersduringoneshow.Intermsofnewprojects,IwouldliketodanceAnnaKarenina,Manon,andTatianafromEvgenyOnegin.
Fortune:
Whatisyourlong-termplanforyourcareer?
Howdoyouprepareforlifeafterdancingprofessionally?
Kolesnikova:
Atpresent,Iamnotthinkingaboutfinishingmycareer.However,lastyearIgraduatedfromVaganovaAcademywithacoachingdiploma—eventhoughIalreadyhavetheexperienceofcoachingandpreparingtwootherballerinasfortherolesofOdetteandOdile.
1.HowdidTheTelegraphthinkofIrinaKolesnikova’sperformance?
A.Tooterrible.B.Veryfantastic.C.Unsatisfactory.D.Notmentioned.
2.WhatmadeIrinaKolesnikovadecidetobeaballerina?
A.Thecharmofaballet.
B.TheloveforSwanLake.
C.Theinfluenceofherparents.
D.Theadmirationtoballerinas.
3.WhatcanwelearnaboutIrinaKolesnikova?
A.Sheisinclinedtoendhercareerafteryears.
B.SheplaysaroleinTchaikovsky'sSwanLake.
C.ShelikesSwanLakebestamongallballets.
D.ShelooksforwardtoplayingaroleinEvgenyOnegin.
4.WhatisthemostlikelyjobforIrinaKolesnikovainthefuture?
A.Aballetcoach.B.Aballetdirector.
C.Anacademyteacher.D.AreporterofFortune.
D
MathScoreshaven'tBudged①inaDecade
About41%offourthgradersand34%ofeighthgradersscoredproficient②inmathin2019.That'snotsignificantlydifferentfrom2017.
Carr,aleaderoftheassessmentsdivisionfortheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,whichadministerstheNAEPtoarepresentativesampleofstudentsacrossthecountryeverytwoyears,saidthemathscoresarealsoaboutthesameasadecadeago.
Butsince1990,studentsatbothgradelevelshaveimprovedinmath:
Fourthgradersthisyearscored27pointshigheronthe300-pointexamcomparedwiththeirpeersin1990.Eighthgradestudentspostedanaveragescorethatwas19pointshigherthanin1990.
Whatelsehashappenedtomathandreadingscoresinthepastdecade?
Thegapbetweenthemost-andleast-competentstudentsgotbigger.
“Comparedtoadecadeago,weseethatlower-achievingstudentsmadescoredeclinesinalloftheassessments,whilehigher-performingstudentsmadescoregains,”Carrsaid.
Thisdivergence③inperformanceisonereasonwhyaveragestudentachievementhasn'tchangedinadecade,Carrexplained.
Isthereanygoodnewsinthe2019NAEPreadingandmathresults?
Yes.Washington,D.C.,studentsshowedbiggainsinfourthgradereadingandeighthgrademath.Infact,D.C.PublicSchoolswastheonlylargedistricttoshowtest-scoregainsinthreeofthefourassessmentssince2017,Carrsaid.
Mississippiwastheonlyotherstatetoimproveinfourthgradereadingsince2017.
Detroit’spublicschoolspulledoutabigwininfourthgrademath:
Studentsscored6pointshighertherethanin2017.
Boys,HispanicstudentsandEnglishlanguagelearnersalsoimprovedinfourthgrademathoverthepasttwoyears.
E
Pressingthepowerbuttontoturnoffyourcomputercansavetime—butcanitalsodamageyourmachine?
Raiseyourhandiflosingyourcomputerwouldbeaserioushindrancetoyourcareer,orif,attheveryleast,you’dloseawholelotofimportantinformation.Yeah,ustoo.Andyetwetendnottotreatourcomputerswiththecareaboutthisadvantage;manyofusareprobablyguiltyofthese thingsyou’redoingthatshortenyourlaptop’slife.
Oneofthedirectivesyou’llcommonlyhearwhenitcomestocomputerupkeep(保养)isthatyoushouldshutdownyourcomputerproperlybyclickingthe“ShutDown”