第五章 非谓语.docx

第五章 非谓语.docx

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第五章非谓语

第五章非谓语

第一部分考点精讲精练

考点1.谓语和非谓语

在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语，再出现动词时，要变成非谓语形式。

（参看：

P错误！

未定义书签。

错误！

未找到引用源。

）

英语中非谓语动词包括：

动名词，现在分词，过去分词和动词不定式。

无论它们在句中作什么成分，他们都保持着自己本身的属性特点。

动名词：

具有名词功能，常在句中作：

主语，宾语；作定语时表功能；

现在分词:

表主动和正在进行,常在句中作：

定语，状语，宾补；

过去分词：

被动和已完成，常在句中作：

定语，状语，补语；

动词不定式：

表将来具体某一次，常在句中作；主语；定语，状语，补语，宾语等。

要学好非谓语，掌握它们的本身属性很关键

第1讲作主语

考点1.动词不定式作主语与动名词作主语的区别

动词原形是不能作主语的。

动词作主语时，如果侧重于表示经常性，在动词后面加ing构成动名词来做主语；如果侧重于表示将来特定的某一次，则用动词不定式来做主语。

Playingbasketballismyfavoritesport.

（“打篮球”指经常性，因此用动名词。

）

Togotoakeycollegeishisdream.

（“上名牌大学”指特定的将来的某一次，用不定式）

有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时，要么都用动名词。

Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.

1.___isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.

A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk

2._______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.

A.ExposedB.havingexposed

C.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed

3.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan_____.

A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquickly

C.tofinishquicklyD.finishquickly

4.__________nowseemsimpossible.

A.SavingmoneyB.Tosavemoney

C.BeingsavedmoneyD.Tobesavedmoney

5.【2009四川】Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion

A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had

考点2.what在问句中作主语时，常用动名词短语来回答

6.WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?

_______hernewbicycle.

A.AsshelostB.Lost

C.LosingD.Becauseoflosing

写作专练1.正确选择不定式或动名词做主语（P29）

作宾语

作主语用动词不定式还是动名词主要是看主语表示的动作是将来还是经常性；

作宾语用动词不定式还是动名词主要是看谓语动词的搭配。

考点1.有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语

这类及物动词常见的有：

agree（同意）,ask（请、要）,attempt（试图）,afford付得起agree同意ask要求apply申请care（想要）,choose（决定、要）,decide（决定）,desire（希望）,determine（决心）,help帮助expect（期望）,fail（未能）,hope（希望）,intend（打算）,learn（学习）,manage（设法）,offer（愿意）,plan（计划、打算）,pretend（假装）,refuse（拒绝、谢绝）,wish（希望）,promise（答应），want（想要）等等。

1.Weasked___toworkinthecountryside.

A.tobesentB.tosend

C.tobesendingD.sending

2.【2010江西】Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting.

A.todiscoverB.tobediscovered

C.discoveredD.beingdiscovered

3.Iexpected__________yourfriend,butmycarbrokedownontheway.

A.I’llmeetB.meeting

C.tomeetingD.tomeet

4.Shetoldmethatshehaddecided__________again.

A.benotlateB.notbelate

C.nottobelateD.tobenotlate

5.Almosteveryonefails__________onthefirsttry.

A.inpassinghisdriver’stest

B.topasshisdriver’stest

C.tohavepassedhisdriver’stest

D.passinghisdriver’stest

6.Thetwoweaverspretended__________veryhard,thoughtheydidnothingatthelooms.

A.workB.working

C.tobeworkedD.tobeworking

7.Whenhegotoffthetrain,ithappened__________.

A.torainB.toberaining

C.rainingD.toraining

8.Ididn’t__________ituntilyouhadexplainedhow.

A.managetodoB.managedtodo

C.managetohavedoneD.managedoing

9.Theyoungdriveroffered_________thepatientoutofthecar.

A.tohandB.handingC.handsD.wouldhand

10.Thewhitehorserefused__________thestonewall.

A.itsjumpingB.tojump

C.jumpingupD.tojumpat

考点2.有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语

下列动词习惯上可接动名词作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语：

admit承认advise建议allow允许appreciate感激avoid避免consider考虑delay推迟deny否认discuss讨论dislike不喜欢enjoy喜爱escape逃脱excuse原谅fancy设想finish完成forbid禁止forgive原谅giveup放弃imagine想象keep保持mention提及mind介意miss没赶上pardon原谅permit允许practice练习prevent阻止prohibit禁止putoff推迟risk冒险stop停止suggest建议feellike想做某事

11.Iwouldappreciate__________backthisafternoon.

A.youtocallB.youcall

C.yourcallingD.you’recalling

12.Sheenjoys__________lightmusic.

A.tohearB.hearingC.listeningtoD.tolistento

13.Youcankeepthebookuntilyou__________.

A.havefinishedreadingB.finishtoread

C.willfinishreadingD.havefinishedtoread

14.Alisaidthatshewouldn’tmind_________aloneathome.

A.leftB.beingleftC.tobeleftD.leaving

15.Ifyoukeep__________English,youcanlearnEnglishwell.

A.practicingspeakB.practicingspeaking

C.practicingtospeakD.topractisespoken

16.Weareconsidering_________anewplan.

A.makingB.beingmade

C.tomakeD.tohavemade

17.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed__________.

A.catchingB.tobecaught

C.beingcaughtD.tocatch

18.Canyouimagineyourself__________onadesertisland?

A.stayingB.stayC.havestayedD.beingstayed

19.Wecanunderstandwhyheavoids__________tous.

A.tospeakB.speech

C.havingspokenD.speaking

20.Pleaseexcusemy_________inwithout_________.

A.come,askingB.coming,asking

C.tocome,beingaskedD.coming,beingasked

21.Whyhavetheydelayed__________thenewschool?

A.openingB.toopen

C.havingopenedD.tohaveopened

22.She__________thekey.

A.admitedtakingB.admittedtake

C.admittedhavingtakenD.admittedtohavetaken

【2008上海春】Asanewdriver,Ihavetopractice_________thecarinmysmallgarageagainand

23.again　

A.parkingB.toparkC.parkedD.park　　

24.【2009上海】Billsuggested______ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.

A.havingheldB.tohold

C.holdingD.hold

25.【2011四川】Lydiadoesn’tfeellike_____abroad.Herparentsareold.

A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy

考点3.有些动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别

forget/rememberdoing/havingdone跟动名词作宾语，

记得还是忘了以前曾经做的事

forget/remembertodo还未做

regretdoingsth.对做过的某事表示后悔

regrettosay,很抱歉的说

meantodo,打算作某事；meandoing,意味着

trytodo,尽力作某事；trydoing,尝试着作某事

want/need/requiredoingsth,表示被动

等于want/need/requiretobedone

like/hatedoing,经常性的

like/hatetodo,特定的某一次

be/getusedtodoing习惯于做某事

usedtodo过去经常做某事

beusedtodo被用来做

can’thelpdoing=can’thelpbutdo忍不住做某事

can’thelp（to）do不能帮助做某事

stopdoing停止正在做着的某事

stoptodo停下来做别的事情（todo是目的状语）

goondoing继续做原来做的事

goontodo接着干别的事情

26.LittleJimshouldlove__________tothetheatrethisevening.

AtobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking

27.---“Didyouclosethedoor?

”---“Yes,Iremember__________it.”

A.tocloseB.toclosingC.closingD.closed

28.【2012安徽】IrememberedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.

A.lockingB.tolock

C.havinglockedD.tohavelocked

29.I’msorryIforgot_______yourdictionary.Let’sborrowonefromLiMing.

A.totakeB.takingC.tobringD.bringing

30.Henryalwaysforgetsthingshehasdone.Yesterdayheforgot__________andlookedforiteverywhere.

A.toposttheletterB.tohavetheletterposted

C.tohavepostedtheletter

D.havingpostedtheletter

31.Mybrotherregretted__________alecturegivenbyProfessorLiu.

A.missingB.tomissC.missedD.beingmissed

32.Iregret__________youthatweareunabletoofferyouajob.

A.informingB.havinginformed

C.toinformD.toinforming

33.Ifelttiredwithwalking,soIstopped__________abreakforanhour.

A.havingB.tohaveC.takingD.totaking

34.Theteachertoldthestudentstostop__________tohim.

A.towriteandlistenB.writingandlistening

C.towriteandlisteningD.writingandtolisten

35.---Iusuallygotherebytrain.

---Whynot____byboatforachange?

A.totrygoingB.tryingtogo

C.totryandgoD.trygoing

36.【2008湖南】Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_____alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.

A.livingB.tolive

C.tobelivingD.havinglived　

37.Youdidn’thearuscomeinlastnight.That’sgood.Wetried____noisy.

A.tobenotB.nottobe

C.notbeingD.beingnot

38.Thegrasshasgrownsotallthatitneeds_________.

A.tocutB.tobecutitC.cuttingD.beingcut

39.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest____inourcity.

A.needsrepairingB.needingrepaired

C.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepaired

40.Theseyoungtreesrequire__________carefully.

A.lookingafterB.tolookafter

C.tobelookedatD.lookingfor

41.Thesentencewants__________oncemore.

A.toexplainB.explaining

C.beingexplainedD.tobeexplainedit

42.Hehasn’tgotused______inthecountrysideyet.

A.liveB.toliveC.tolivingD.living

43.Averywell-knownperson__________inthishouse.

A.isusedtoliveB.usedtolive

C.isusedtolivingD.usedtoliving

44.Missingthetrainmeans__________foranhour.

A.towaitB.tobewaited

C.beingwaitedD.waiting

45.Imeant__________you,butIwassobusy.

A.tocallonB.callingon

C.tocallatD.callingat

46.Iknowit’snotimportant,butIcan’thelp_aboutit

A.tothinkB.andthink

C.thinkingD.beingthought

47.I’mbusy___fortheentranceexamination,soIcan’thelp__housework

A.preparing,doingB.preparing,todo

C.toprepare,doingD.toprepare,todo

考点4.except,but后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词do的形式，不用to,否则要带to

48.Thereisnothingtodoexcept___tillitstopsraining.

A.towaitB.waitingC.waitD.waits

49.Standingonthetopofthehill,Iwouldnotdoanythingbut___theflowingofthesmogaroundme.A.enjoyB.enjoyingC.enjoyedD.toenjoy

考点5.Remaintobedone

50.Itremains_____whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.

A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee

51.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen

考点6.介词后跟动名词做宾语

52.【2012北京】Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand______them.

A.correctsB.correctC.tocorrectD.correcting

53.【2012福建】ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom______intheSouthChinaSea.

A.attackingB.havingattacked

C.beingattackedD.havingbeenattacked

考点7.含有用作介词to