江苏南京中山陵英文导游词.docx

江苏南京中山陵英文导游词.docx

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江苏南京中山陵英文导游词

江苏南京中山陵英文导游词

Mydearfriends,whenyoucometoacity,youprobablywanttovisitthemostfamousscenicspotsofspecialinterest.Nanjinghasmanyplaceofhistoricinterestsandhasbeencapitalforsix“dynasties.”ButifyouleaveNanjingwithoutvisitingDr.SunYat-sen`sMausoleum,undoubtedlyyouhavemissedthemostarrestingandfamoustouristattractionofthecity.

TalkingabouttheMausoleumweshouldhaveanideaaboutSunYat-sen,thegreatpioneerofChinesedemocraticrevolution.Mr.Sun`soriginalnameisSunWenandstyledhimselfYat-sen.Soforeignfriendswouldcallhim“Dr.SunYat-sen”.Sincehetook“WoodcutterinZhoushan”ashisaliaswhenhetookpartintherevolutionaryactivities,hewasrespectfullyandwidelycalledMr.SunZhongshaninChina.OnOctober12,1866,Mr.Sunwasborninafarmer`sfamilyinCaihengvillageofXiangshancounty（thepresent-dayzhongshangCity）,GuangdongProvince.Whenhewasstillyoung,hehadgreatexpectations.HestudiedmedicineinHonolulu,HongKongandsomeotherplacesandaftergraduationheworkedasapractitionerinGangzhou,MacaoandotherplacesLaterhegaveupmedicineashisprofessiontotakepartinpoliticalactivities.In1905,hesetupChinaAllianceOrganizationinJapanandhewaselectedpresident.Heputforwardthefamousguidingprinciple-“drivingtheinvadersout,restoringthesovereigntyofChina,establishingarepublicandequalizingthelandownership”andtheThreePeople`sPrinciples-“Nationalism,DemocracyandthePeople`sLivelihood.”OnOctober10,1911,theWuchanguprisingbrokeoutandDr.SunaselectedInrterimPresidentoftheRepublicofChinabyrepresentativesfromseventeenprovinces.OnthefollowingNewYear`sday（January1,1912）Mr.SuntooktheoathofofficeinNanjing.Fromthenon,Mr.SunexperiencedYuanShikai`susurpation,theSecondRevolution,“CampaignProtectingtheInterimConstitution.”In1921,Mr.SuntookthepositionofPresidentinUnusualTimesinGuangzhou.AtthefirstNationalCongressofKuomintangheldinQuangzhouin1924,heperfectedtheoriginalThreePeople`sPrinciplesandputforwardThreepeople`sNewPrinciples.Healsoproposedthepoliciesof“MakinganalliancewithRussiaandtheCommunistPartyofChinaandhelpingthefarmersandworkers.”InNovember1924,inspiteofhisillness,Mr.SunwentuptoBeijingtodiscussstateaffairswithGeneralFengYuxiang.

Unfortunately,hebrokedownfromconstantoverworkandpassedawayonMarch12,1925.

ThelocationoftheMausoleumwaschosenbyMr.Sunhimself.Hereisexactlyagoodplacetobuildamausoleum.Youmaywonder:

Mr.SunwasborninGuangdongbutdiedinBeijing.ForhiswholelifehetraveledthroughoutChinafortherevolution.WhydidhechooseNanjingasthevenueofhistomb?

ItissaidthatfarbeforeMr.Suntookofficein1912,theabbotofLinguMonasteryhadrecommendedhimthathisplaceisgoodforfengshui,becauseitfacestheplainandisbackedupbygreenmountainsasitsprotectivescreen.OnMarch31,1912Mr.UnresignedasapoliticalcompromiseforthesakeoftheunionoftheNorthChinaandtheSouthChina.OnedayoftheearlyApril,hewenthuntingwithHuHanminaroundthePietyTombofMingDynasty.TheytookarestintheplacewehretheMausoleumislocatednow.Mr.Sunlookedaroundandsaid“IFpossibleIwouldlikemycountrymentoallowmetohavethisplacetoburymycoffin.”Surely,thefengshuioftheZijingMountainisnotthebasicreasonforthelocationofMr.Sun`smausoleum.Thebasicreasonisthat,hesaidondying“Aftermydeath,youcanburymeatthefootoftheZijinMountaininNanjinginmemoryoftheRevolutionof1911,becauseNanjingiswherethetemporarygovernmentwasfounded.”SoalthoughMr.SunstayedinNanjingnotalongtime,ithadaspecialmeaningtohim.Fundamentallyspeaking,thereasonhechoseZijingMountainashispermanentresting-placeistocommemoratetherevolutionof1911andtoencouragetherevolutionaries.

InordertorespectMr.Sun`swish,thePreparatoryCommitteeofSunYat-sen`sFuneral,includinghiswifeSongQinglingandhissonSunke,examinedtheareaandchosethesitefortheMausoleum.Theydelimited2000muandofferedarewardinnewspaperforthebestdesignoftheMausoleum.Amongallthecontribution,youngarchitectLuYanzhi`sdesign,adesignintheshapeofabell,washighlypraisedandgainedthefirstprizeandhehimselfwasinvitedtosupervisethewholeprojectaswell.

OnMarch12,1926,thefirstanniversaryofMr.Sun`sdeath,theprojectgotstartedand3yearslater,itwascompletedinspringof1929.Itcost1.5millionsilvercollarstotally.

Unfortunately,LuYanzhi,theyoungarchitectwithgreatgift,sufferedwhensupervisingtheproject,anddiedat35,justbeforethecompletionoftheMausoleum.ThecompletionceremonywasheldonJune1,1929andMr.Sun`sremainswastransportedfromBeijingtoNangjing.Fromthenon,Mr.Sunhassleptherefornearly70years.

TheconstructionofDr.SunYat-sen`sMausoleumwasanimportanteventinthehistoryofNanjing.InordertomeetMr.Sun`scoffin,thefirstasphaltroadwasbuiltfromZhongshanPortinthewesttoZhongshanGateintheeast;itis12kilometresinlengthandalsocalledZhongshanRoad.Uptotoday,ZhangshanRoadisstilloneofthemostimportantmainroads.Atthesametime,thecitygateChaoyangGatewhichwasbuiltinMingDynastywasrenovatedandChangeditsnametoZhongshanGate.BetweenZhongshangGateandDr.SunYat-sen`sMausoleum,aroadcalledtheMausoleumRoadwasbuilt.JustasthepeopleofParistakeprideoftheirlesChamps-ElyseesandthepeopleofNewYork,theFifthAvenue,thenanjingpeopleareprondoftheirboulevards.Andthe3kilometerslongMausoleumRoadisundoubtedlythebestrepresentativeoftheseboulevards.Alongbothsidesofthe“greencorridor”growsthemainkindoftreeinNanjingasparasolsUsuallyChinesepeoplecallthemFrenchplanetrees,infacttheyareChineselocalproducts.JustbecauseFrenchmentookthemfromYunnanProvincetoFranceandlatertheytransplantedthemintheirleasedterritoryinShanghai,thatiswhytheygotsuchaname.

Now,wearegoingoutoftheZhongshanGateanddrivingalongtheMausoleumRoad.Thedestinationaheadisasquareinshapeofcrescent,AccordingtoLuYanzhi`sdesign,theplaceoftheMausoleumislikea“duo”,abigwoodenbell,whichwasusedtoannounceapolicy,decreeorawarinancienttime.Duo`ssoundisloudandclear,implyingtomakethewholeworldpeacefulandhappy.ThedesignremindsthepeopleofDr.SunYat-sen`swell-knownsaying“Therevolutionisfarfromsuccessandweshouldcontinueworkinghard.”Thissayingalsoservessanalerttothelatergeneration.Thecrescent-shapedsquareisthebottomofthe“BellofFreedom”.

Now,pleaselooktothesouth.ThereisaoctagonplatformstructuredwithreinforcedconcretebutcoveredwithJinshanstoneofSuzhou.Theplatformisdividedintothreelayersandeachlayerisenclosedbystonerails.Thecopper“ding”（anancientcookingvessel）withtwoloopedhandlesandtwolegsweighs5000kg.ITis4.25metershighanditsdiameteris1.23meters.Itisoneoftheconstructionformemoryofthemausoleum.The“ding”wasbuiltinautumn,1933withdonationofstudentsandteachingstaffoftheZhongshanUniversityandMr.Daijitao.Onesideofthe“ding”isengravedwiththreecharacters“Intelligence,HumanityandBrevity”.ThesethreewordsaretheschoolinstructionofZhongshanUniversity.Insideofthe“ding”standsahexagoncoppertabletonwhichDaiJitao`smother`shandwritingofthe“FilialPiety”isengraved.Tothebell-shapedmausoleumthe“ding”isjustlikethependulum.Itseemstoservetoalarmthewholenationbystrikingthebell.

Steppingonthesteps,wewillseeasoaringmemorialarchwaywithfourcolumns.Thearchwaywasbuiltbetween1931and1933,12metershightand17.3metersinwidth.ItismadeofhugeGranitefromFujianProvince,butitsstructureisinChinesetraditionalwoodstructurestyle.Now,lookupattheshiningwordsinscribedonthehorizontalboard.ThewordinEnglishmeanfraternity.TheywerewrittenbyDr.SunYat-sen.ThewordaretakenfromaTangDynastypoetHanYu`s“Fraternityishumanity”.ItissaidthatMr.Sunverymuchlikedtowritethesetwowordstoothers.Dr.Sundevotedhiswholelifetobourgeoisdemocraticrevolutionwithgreatfraternityandstruggledforthenationalindependenceandfreedomfroscoresofyears.Sowecansaythat“fraternity”isthebestgeneralizationofhislife.

FurtherfromtheFraternityArchway,thereisaroadleadingtothemausoleum.Theroadis480meterslonganddozensofmeterswide.ThewholedesignofthemausoleumgivesprominencetoChinesetraditionalstyle,grand,solemnandspecific.InordertoembodythegreatnessofMr.Sun,theMausoleumfollowedtheexampleofancientmausoleumsandwasbuiltagainstmountainsandthecoffinchamberwasplacedatthetopofthemountainthatis160metershigh.Inaddition,theplantsoftheMausoleumaresymmetric,whichmakeitfeelmoresolemn.Now,pleaselookforwardtothenorth,alongthehillside,situatethemausoleumGate,theStelePavilion,theMemorialHallandthecoffinchamberrightbehind.Thepines,cypresses,ginkgoesandmaplesonthebothsidesoftheroadrepresentMr.Sun`srevolutionaryspiritandloftyquality.Theytaketheplaceofstatuesandstonebeastswhichusuallyflankedthesacredroadinancienttimes.Amongthetrees,cedarisoneofthe“fourkindsoftreeforappreciation”andhasbeenhonoredasthetreeofNanjingCity.ThegrandarchwayattheendoftheMausoleumRoadistheformal