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Authorinformation
∙1LeibnizInstituteofPhotonicTechnology,Jena07745,Germany.
Abstract
Breath
gasanalysisisanovelpowerfultechniquefornoninvasive,early-stagediagnosisofmetabolicdisordersordiseases.Molecularhydrogenand
methane
arebiomarkersforcolonicfermentation,becauseofmalabsorptionofoligosaccharides(e.g.,lactoseorfructose)andforsmallintestinalbacterialovergrowth.Recently,thepresenceofthesegasesinexhaled
breath
wasalsocorrelatedwithobesity.Here,wereportonthehighlyselectiveandsensitivedetectionofmolecularhydrogenand
withinacomplexgasmixture(consistingofH2,CH4,N2,O2,andCO2)bymeansoffiber-enhancedRamanspectroscopy(FERS).AnelaborateFERSsetupwithamicrostructuredhollowcorephotoniccrystalfiber(HCPCF)providedahighlyimprovedanalyticalsensitivity.ThesimultaneousmonitoringofH2withallothergaseswasachievedbyacombinationofrotational(H2)andvibrational(othergases)RamanspectroscopywithinthelimitedspectraltransmissionrangeoftheHCPCF.TheHCPCFwascombinedwithanadjustableimage-planeaperturepinhole,inordertoseparatetheH2rotationalRamanbandsfromthesilicabackgroundsignalandimprovethesensitivitydowntoalimitofdetection(LOD)of4.7ppm(foronly26fmolH2).TheabilitytomonitorthelevelsofH2andCH4inapositivehydrogen
test(HBT)wasdemonstrated.TheFERSsensorpossessesahighdynamicrange(∼5ordersofmagnitude)withafastresponsetimeoffewsecondsandprovidesgreatpotentialforminiaturization.Weforeseethatthistechniquewillpavethewayforfast,noninvasive,andpainlesspoint-of-carediagnosisofmetabolicdiseasesinexhaledhuman
Reviewarticle:
analysisininflammatoryboweldiseases.
KuradaS1,
AlkhouriN,
FiocchiC,
DweikR,
RiederF.
∙1DepartmentofHospitalMedicine,MedicineInstitute,Cleveland,OH,USA.
BACKGROUND:
Thereisanurgentneedforcheap,reproducible,easytoperformandspecificbiomarkersfordiagnosis,differentiationandstratificationofinflammatoryboweldisease(IBD)patients.Technicaladvancesallowforthedeterminationofvolatileorganiccompoundsinthehuman
todifferentiatebetweenhealthanddisease.
AIM:
Reviewanddiscussmedicalliteratureonvolatileorganiccompoundsinexhaledhuman
inGIdisorders,focusingondiagnosisanddifferentiationofIBD.
METHODS:
AsystematicsearchinPubMed,OvidMedlineandScopuswascompletedusingappropriatekeywords.Inaddition,abibliographysearchofeacharticlewasperformed.
RESULTS:
Mean
pentane,ethane,propane,1-octene,3-methylhexane,1-deceneandNOlevelswereelevated(P<
0.05toP<
10(-7))andmean
1-nonene,(E)-2-nonene,hydrogensulphideand
weredecreasedinIBDcomparedtohealthycontrols(P=0.003toP<
0.001).Acombinedpanelof3volatileorganiccompounds(octene,(E)-2-noneneanddecene)showedthebestdiscriminationbetweenpaediatricIBDandcontrols(AUC0.96).
condensatecytokineswerehigherinIBDcomparedtohealthyindividuals(P<
0.008).
pentane,ethane,propane,isopreneandNOlevelscorrelatedwithdiseaseactivityinIBDpatients.
condensateinterleukin-1βshowedaninverserelationwithclinicaldiseaseactivity.
CONCLUSIONS:
analysisinIBDisapromisingapproachthatisnotyetreadyforroutineclinicaluse,butdatafromothergastrointestinaldiseasessuggestthefeasibilityforuseofthistechnologyinclinicalpractice.Well-designedfuturetrials,incorporatingthelatest
detectiontechniques,needtodeterminetheexact
metabolomepatternlinkedtodiagnosisandphenotypeofIBD.
WorldJGastroenterol.
2014Nov21;
20(43):
16062-78.doi:
10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16062.
Archaeaandthehumangut:
newbeginningofanoldstory.
GaciN1,
BorrelG1,
TotteyW1,
O'
ToolePW1,
Brugè
reJF1.
∙1NadiaGaci,WilliamTottey,Jean-Franç
oisBrugè
re,EA-4678CIDAM,ClermontUniversité
Université
d'
Auvergne,F-63000Clermont-Ferrand,France.
Methanogenicarchaeaareknownashumangutinhabitantssincemorethan30yearsagothroughthedetectionof
inthe
andisolationoftwomethanogenicspeciesbelongingtotheorderMethanobacteriales,MethanobrevibactersmithiiandMethanosphaerastadtmanae.Duringthelastdecade,diversityofarchaeaencounteredinthehumangastrointestinaltract(GIT)hasbeenextendedbysequenceidentificationandculturingofnewstrains.HereweprovideanupdatedcensusofthearchaealdiversityassociatedwiththehumanGITandtheirpossibleroleinthegutphysiologyandhealth.Weparticularlyfocusonthestillpoorlycharacterized7thorderofmethanogens,theMethanomassiliicoccales,associatedtoagedpopulation.Whilealsolargelydistributedinnon-GITenvironments,ouractualknowledgeonthisnovelorderofmethanogenshasbeenmainlyrevealedthroughGITinhabitants.Theyenlargethenumberoffinalelectronacceptorsofthegutmetabolitestomono-di-andtrimethylamine.Trimethylamineisexclusivelyamicrobiota-derivedproductofnutrients(lecithin,choline,TMAO,L-carnitine)fromnormaldiet,fromwhichseemsoriginatetwodiseases,trimethylaminuria(orFish-OdorSyndrome)andcardiovasculardiseasethroughtheproatherogenicpropertyofitsoxidizedliver-derivedform.Thisthereforesupportsinterestonthesemethanogenicspeciesanditsuseasarchaebiotics,atermcoinedfromthenotionofarchaea-derivedprobiotics.
GutMicrobes.
2014Mar-Apr;
5
(2):
165-75.doi:
10.4161/gmic.27923.Epub2014Jan27.
Gutmicrobiotainfluenceslowfermentablesubstratedietefficacyinchildrenwithirritablebowelsyndrome.
ChumpitaziBP1,
HollisterEB2,
OezguenN2,
TsaiCM1,
McMeansAR3,
LunaRA2,
SavidgeTC2,
VersalovicJ4,
ShulmanRJ5.
∙1DepartmentofPediatrics;
BaylorCollegeofMedicine;
Houston,TXUSA;
SectionofPediatricGastroenterology,Hepatology,andNutrition;
TexasChildren'
sHospital;
Houston,TXUSA.
∙2DepartmentofPathologyandImmunology;
sMicrobiomeCenter;
DepartmentofPathology;
∙3Children'
sNutritionResearchCenter;
∙4DepartmentofPediatrics;
DepartmentofPathologyandImmunology;
∙5DepartmentofPediatrics;
Children'
Wesoughttodeterminewhetheralowfermentablesubstratediet(LFSD)decreasesabdominalpainfrequencyinchildrenwithirritablebowelsyndrome(IBS)andtoidentifypotentialmicrobialfactorsrelatedtodietefficacy.Painsymptoms,stoolingcharacteristics,
hydrogenandmethane,wholeintestinaltransittime,stoolmicrobiome,andmetabolitecompositionwerecollectedand/ordocumentedineightchildrenwithIBSatbaselineandduringoneweekofanLFSDintervention.Painfrequency(P<
0.05),painseverity(P<
0.05),andpain-relatedinterferencewithactivities(P<
0.05)decreasedinthesubjectswhileontheLFSD.Respondersvs.non-responders:
fourchildren(50%)wereidentifiedasresponders(>
50%decreaseinabdominalpainfrequencywhileontheLFSD).Therewerenodifferencesbetweenrespondersandnon-responderswithrespecttohydrogenproduction,
production,stoolingcharacteristics,orguttransittime.Responderswerecharacterizedbyincreasedpre-LFSDabundanceofbacterialtaxabelongingtothegeneraSporobacter(P<
0.05)andSubdoligranulum(P<
0.02)anddecreasedabundanceoftaxabelongingtoBacteroides(P<
0.05)relativetonon-responders.Inparallel,stoolmetabolitesdifferedbetweenrespondersandnon-respondersandwereassociatedwithdifferencesinmicrobiomecomposition.ThesepilotstudyresultssuggestthatanLFSDmaybeeffectiveindecreasingGIsymptomsinchildrenwithIBS.MicrobialfactorssuchasgutmicrobiomecompositionandstoolmetaboliteswhileonthedietmayrelatetoLFSDefficacy.
UnitedEuropeanGastroenterolJ.
2014Apr;
2
(2):
131-7.doi:
10.1177/2050640614521124.
Symptomaticfructosemalabsorptioninirritablebowelsyndrome:
Aprospectivestudy.
MelchiorC1,
GourcerolG2,
Dé
chelotteP3,
LeroiAM2,
Ducrotté
P1.
∙1GastroenterologyDepartment,RouenUniversityHospital,Rouen,France;
INSERMUMR-1073,RouenUniversityHospital,Rouen,France.
∙2INSERMUMR-1073,RouenUniversityHospital,Rouen,France;
PhysiologyDepartment,RouenUniversityHospital,Rouen,France.
∙3INSERMUMR-1073,RouenUniversityHospital,Rouen,France;
NutritionUnit,RouenUniversityHospital,Rouen,France.
INTRODUCTION:
Fructosecantriggerorworsensymptomsinirritablebowelsyndrome(IBS)patients.TheaimofthisstudywastodeterminetheprevalenceofsymptomaticfructosemalabsorptioninIBSpatientsandtotestwhetherthepatient'
scharacteristicscanhelptodetectafructosemalabsorption.
MATERIALSANDMETHODS:
NinetyRomeIIIIBSpatients(predominantdiarrhoea(IBS-D):
31%,predominantconstipation(IBS-C):
18%,mixedtype(IBS-M):
51%)wereinclud