Abstract breath test2Word格式.docx

1、Author information 1Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Jena 07745, Germany.AbstractBreathgas analysis is a novel powerful technique for noninvasive, early-stage diagnosis of metabolic disorders or diseases. Molecular hydrogen andmethaneare biomarkers for colonic fermentation, because of mala

2、bsorption of oligosaccharides （e.g., lactose or fructose） and for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Recently, the presence of these gases in exhaledbreathwas also correlated with obesity. Here, we report on the highly selective and sensitive detection of molecular hydrogen andwithin a complex g

3、as mixture （consisting of H2, CH4, N2, O2, and CO2） by means of fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy （FERS）. An elaborate FERS setup with a microstructured hollow core photonic crystal fiber （HCPCF） provided a highly improved analytical sensitivity. The simultaneous monitoring of H2 with all other gase

4、s was achieved by a combination of rotational （H2） and vibrational （other gases） Raman spectroscopy within the limited spectral transmission range of the HCPCF. The HCPCF was combined with an adjustable image-plane aperture pinhole, in order to separate the H2 rotational Raman bands from the silica

5、background signal and improve the sensitivity down to a limit of detection （LOD） of 4.7 ppm （for only 26 fmol H2）. The ability to monitor the levels of H2 and CH4 in a positive hydrogentest （HBT） was demonstrated. The FERS sensor possesses a high dynamic range （5 orders of magnitude） with a fast res

6、ponse time of few seconds and provides great potential for miniaturization. We foresee that this technique will pave the way for fast, noninvasive, and painless point-of-care diagnosis of metabolic diseases in exhaled humanReview article:analysis in inflammatory bowel diseases.Kurada S1,Alkhouri N,F

7、iocchi C,Dweik R,Rieder F. 1Department of Hospital Medicine, Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.BACKGROUND:There is an urgent need for cheap, reproducible, easy to perform and specific biomarkers for diagnosis, differentiation and stratification of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） patients. Tech

8、nical advances allow for the determination of volatile organic compounds in the humanto differentiate between health and disease.AIM:Review and discuss medical literature on volatile organic compounds in exhaled humanin GI disorders, focusing on diagnosis and differentiation of IBD.METHODS:A systema

9、tic search in PubMed, Ovid Medline and Scopus was completed using appropriate keywords. In addition, a bibliography search of each article was performed.RESULTS:Meanpentane, ethane, propane, 1-octene, 3-methylhexane, 1-decene and NO levels were elevated （P 0.05 to P 10（-7） and mean1-nonene, （E）-2-no

10、nene, hydrogen sulphide andwere decreased in IBD compared to healthy controls （P = 0.003 to P 0.001）. A combined panel of 3 volatile organic compounds （octene, （E）-2-nonene and decene） showed the best discrimination between paediatric IBD and controls （AUC 0.96）.condensate cytokines were higher in I

11、BD compared to healthy individuals （P 0.008）.pentane, ethane, propane, isoprene and NO levels correlated with disease activity in IBD patients.condensate interleukin-1 showed an inverse relation with clinical disease activity.CONCLUSIONS:analysis in IBD is a promising approach that is not yet ready

12、for routine clinical use, but data from other gastrointestinal diseases suggest the feasibility for use of this technology in clinical practice. Well-designed future trials, incorporating the latestdetection techniques, need to determine the exactmetabolome pattern linked to diagnosis and phenotype

13、of IBD.World J Gastroenterol.2014 Nov 21;20（43）:16062-78. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16062.Archaea and the human gut: new beginning of an old story.Gaci N1,Borrel G1,Tottey W1,OToole PW1,Brugre JF1. 1Nadia Gaci, William Tottey, Jean-Franois Brugre, EA-4678 CIDAM, Clermont Universit, Universit dAuvergn

14、e, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.Methanogenic archaea are known as human gut inhabitants since more than 30 years ago through the detection ofin theand isolation of two methanogenic species belonging to the order Methanobacteriales, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphaera stadtmanae. During

15、 the last decade, diversity of archaea encountered in the human gastrointestinal tract （GIT） has been extended by sequence identification and culturing of new strains. Here we provide an updated census of the archaeal diversity associated with the human GIT and their possible role in the gut physiol

16、ogy and health. We particularly focus on the still poorly characterized 7th order of methanogens, the Methanomassiliicoccales, associated to aged population. While also largely distributed in non-GIT environments, our actual knowledge on this novel order of methanogens has been mainly revealed throu

17、gh GIT inhabitants. They enlarge the number of final electron acceptors of the gut metabolites to mono- di- and trimethylamine. Trimethylamine is exclusively a microbiota-derived product of nutrients （lecithin, choline, TMAO, L-carnitine） from normal diet, from which seems originate two diseases, tr

18、imethylaminuria （or Fish-Odor Syndrome） and cardiovascular disease through the proatherogenic property of its oxidized liver-derived form. This therefore supports interest on these methanogenic species and its use as archaebiotics, a term coined from the notion of archaea-derived probiotics.Gut Micr

19、obes.2014 Mar-Apr;5（2）:165-75. doi: 10.4161/gmic.27923. Epub 2014 Jan 27.Gut microbiota influences low fermentable substrate diet efficacy in children with irritable bowel syndrome.Chumpitazi BP1,Hollister EB2,Oezguen N2,Tsai CM1,McMeans AR3,Luna RA2,Savidge TC2,Versalovic J4,Shulman RJ5. 1Departmen

20、t of Pediatrics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX USA; Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Texas Childrens Hospital; Houston, TX USA. 2Department of Pathology and Immunology;s Microbiome Center; Department of Pathology; 3Childrens Nutrition Research Center; 4Depa

21、rtment of Pediatrics; Department of Pathology and Immunology; 5Department of Pediatrics; ChildrenWe sought to determine whether a low fermentable substrate diet （LFSD） decreases abdominal pain frequency in children with irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） and to identify potential microbial factors relat

22、ed to diet efficacy. Pain symptoms, stooling characteristics,hydrogen andmethane, whole intestinal transit time, stool microbiome, and metabolite composition were collected and/or documented in eight children with IBS at baseline and during one week of an LFSD intervention. Pain frequency （P0.05）, p

23、ain severity （P0.05）, and pain-related interference with activities （P 50% decrease in abdominal pain frequency while on the LFSD）. There were no differences between responders and non-responders with respect to hydrogen production,production, stooling characteristics, or gut transit time. Responder

24、s were characterized by increased pre-LFSD abundance of bacterial taxa belonging to the genera Sporobacter （P0.05） and Subdoligranulum （P0.02） and decreased abundance of taxa belonging to Bacteroides （P0.05） relative to non-responders. In parallel, stool metabolites differed between responders and n

25、on-responders and were associated with differences in microbiome composition. These pilot study results suggest that an LFSD may be effective in decreasing GI symptoms in children with IBS. Microbial factors such as gut microbiome composition and stool metabolites while on the diet may relate to LFS

26、D efficacy.United European Gastroenterol J.2014 Apr;2（2）:131-7. doi: 10.1177/2050640614521124.Symptomatic fructose malabsorption in irritable bowel syndrome: A prospective study.Melchior C1,Gourcerol G2,Dchelotte P3,Leroi AM2,Ducrott P1. 1Gastroenterology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen

27、, France ; INSERM UMR-1073, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France. 2INSERM UMR-1073, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France ; Physiology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France. 3INSERM UMR-1073, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France ; Nutrition Unit, Rouen University Hospital,

28、Rouen, France.INTRODUCTION:Fructose can trigger or worsen symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptomatic fructose malabsorption in IBS patients and to test whether the patients characteristics can help to detect a fructose malabsorption.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Ninety Rome III IBS patients （predominant diarrhoea （IBS-D）: 31%, predominant constipation （IBS-C）: 18%, mixed type （IBS-M）: 51%） were includ