Proposed Functional Enhancements For The Flight Crew Human Factors Integration Tool外文文献翻译Word格式.docx

Proposed Functional Enhancements For The Flight Crew Human Factors Integration Tool外文文献翻译Word格式.docx

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二〇一二年六月

ProposedFunctionalEnhancementsForTheFlightCrewHumanFactorsIntegrationTool

PrefaceandAcknowledgments

ThisreportdocumentsresearchundertakenbytheNationalCenterofExcellenceforAviationOperationsResearch,underFederalAviationAdministrationResearchContractNumberDTFA03-97-D-00004,DeliveryOrderDTFA03-97-F-UC007,HumanFactorsSupporttotheFAAOfficeofSystemSafetyfortheGlobalAnalysisandInformationNetwork.AnyopinionsexpressedhereindonotnecessarilyreflectthoseoftheFederalAviationAdministrationortheU.S.DepartmentofTransportation.

ThisreportisoneofthreereportsdocumentingthevarioustasksintheDeliveryOrder.TheothertworeportsaddressImplementationofAnalysisMethodsandFlightCrewTrainingNeedsAssessmentandImprovingtheRepresentationofHumanErrorintheUseoftheFlightCrewHumanFactorsIntegrationTool.

TheauthorwishestoacknowledgethesupportandassistanceofJackWojciechattheFAAOfficeofSystemSafetyduringtheconductoftheresearch,aswellasthecontributionoftheFAAandindustrypersonnelinvolvedinaviationsafetywhoprovidedinputtotheresearchteamandrespondedtotheuserneedssurveydiscussedinthereport.

TableofContents

PrefaceandAcknowledgments

TableofContents

ListofFiguresandTables

ExecutiveSummary

1.Introduction

2.ProposedFunctionalEnhancements

3.UserNeedsSurvey

SurveyResponse

SurveyResults

4.RecommendedCourseofAction

ImplementationofanEnhancdVersionofthePrototypeIT

PromotingtheUseoftheIT

DevelopmentofaCost-SharingMechanism

5.Conclusions

ExecutiveSummary

InMay1996,theFAAannouncedanewandinnovativeapproachtoreachthegoalof“zeroaccidents,”knownastheGlobalAnalysisandInformationNetwork（GAIN）.Thiswouldbeaprivatelyownedandoperatedinternationalinformationinfrastructureforthecollection,analysis,anddisseminationofaviationsafetyinformation,thatwouldinvolvetheuseofabroadvarietyofworldwideaviationdatasources,coupledwithcomprehensiveanalyticaltechniques,tofacilitatetheidentificationofexistingandemergingaviationsafetyproblems.Amajorcomponentofthisapproachistheapplicationofinnovativeanalysiscapabilitiestoidentifythetypesofhumanerrorthatcontributetoaviationaccidentsandincidentsinordertodeveloppreventionstrategies.AspartofitsFlightCrewAccidentandIncidentHumanFactorsProject,theOfficeofSystemSafetyhasdevelopedaprototypewebsite-basedIntegrationTool（IT）toaccess,integrate,andanalyzeflightcrewhumanfactorsdatarelevanttosafety.

ThisreportdocumentsresearchactivitiesdirectedatidentifyingpotentialfunctionalenhancementstotheprototypeIntegrationToolthataddressthesafetydataaccessandanalysisneedsofpotentialusersandwouldbesupportedbythem.Theapproachadoptedduringthestudyconsistedofthreecomponents:

areviewofpotentialenhancementstotheprototypeITidentifiedinpriorworkandothertasksofthecurrentproject;

asurveyofpotentialusersoftheIT,toidentifytheirdataaccessneedsandviewsonthepotentialusefulnessofdifferentfeatures;

anddiscussionswithFAAofficesthatwouldbeinvolvedintheuseoftheITortheprovisionofdataaccessedbyit.

TheresultsoftheuserneedssurveydemonstrateahighlevelofsupportforthetypeofdataaccessandanalysiscapabilityprovidedbytheIntegrationTool,aswellasaclearneedforalmostallthefunctionalenhancementsidentifiedinthesurvey.Whilesomeenhancementswereperceivedassomewhatmoreusefulthanothers,thedifferencesintheassessmentwerenotgreat.ThissuggeststhatitwouldcontributetothevalueoftheITtoimplementasmanyoftheproposedenhancementsassoonaspossible.

Basedontheassessmentofthesurveyrespondents,thereappearstobeaverypromisingopportunityfortheFAAtoenterintoapartnershipwiththepotentialusersintheindustry,inwhichthoseorganizationswouldshareinthecostoffurtherdevelopmentoftheIT.However,forthistooccurthecapabilitiesofthecurrentversionoftheITneedtobeenhanced,sothatthetoolprovidesmanyofthefeaturesthatrespondentsidentifiedasdesirable.ItwillalsobenecessarytocontinuetosupporttheoperationalWebsiteandpromotetheuseoftheITamongtheusercommunity.

1.Introduction

OnMay9,1996,theFAAannouncedanewandinnovativeapproachtoreachtheAdministrator’sgoalof“zeroaccidents,”knownastheGlobalAnalysisandInformationNetwork（GAIN）.GAINwouldbeaprivatelyownedandoperatedinternationalinformationinfrastructureforthecollection,analysis,anddisseminationofaviationsafetyinformation.Itwouldinvolvetheuseofabroadvarietyofworldwideaviationdatasources,coupledwithcomprehensiveanalyticaltechniques,tofacilitatetheidentificationofexistingandemergingaviationsafetyproblems.

AmajorcomponentoftheGAINapproachistheapplicationofinnovativeanalysiscapabilitiestoidentifythetypesofhumanerrorthatcontributetoaviationaccidentsandincidentsinordertodeveloppreventionstrategies.AspartofitsFlightCrewAccidentandIncidentHumanFactorsProject,theOfficeofSystemSafetyhasdevelopedanewprocessthatusesaprototypewebsite-basedIntegrationTool（IT）toaccess,integrate,andanalyzeflightcrewhumanfactorsdatarelevanttosafety.TheinitialprocessappliestwohumanerrormodelstotheNTSBaccidentdatabaseandtheFAAPilotDeviationSystem（PDS）incidentdatabaseandgenerateshumanfactorspatternsandtrends.SafetyanalystsintheOfficeofSystemSafetybegantousetheinitialprocessinOctober1996.

InSeptember1996,theFAAOfficeofSystemSafetyfundedaresearchgranttotheNationalCenterofExcellenceforAviationOperationsResearchtoinitiateaprogramofresearchtoprovidehumanfactorssupportfortheGAINconcept.Thefirstphaseofthisresearch,consistedoftwotasks;

firsttocontinuetheapplicationandimprovementoftheITandlaythefoundationsforasoundscientificapproachtotheanalysisofhumanfactorsissueswithintheframeworkoftheGAINconcept;

andsecondtoreviewtheresultsachievedtodatebytheflightcrewhumanfactorsdatacontractorandintegraterecommendationsfromthisreviewintoastrategicplan.

ThisreportdocumentsresearchactivitiesdirectedatidentifyingpotentialfunctionalenhancementstotheprototypeIntegrationToolthataddressthesafetydataaccessandanalysisneedsofpotentialusersandwouldbesupportedbythem.Theobjectiveoftheresearchwastoaddressthebenefitsandcostsof:

improvingthehumanerrormodelscontainedwithintheIT,improvingtheanalyticaltoolsthatcanbeusedinconjunctionwiththeIT,andsecurelyaccessingadditionalremotedatabases.

2.ProposedFunctionalEnhancements

ThefirstphaseofthestudyincludedareviewofthefindingsoftwopriorworkshopsthathadbeenconductedbytheMITRECorporationtodiscusstheanalysisofflightcrewhumanfactors,presentthedevelopmentoftheprototypeIntegrationTool,andobtainfeedbackfrompotentialusers.ThisinformationformedthebasisfortherecommendationsforthefuturedevelopmentoftheIntegrationToolthatweredevelopedduringthefirstphase,andthatidentifiedpotentialfunctionalenhancementstotheprototypeIntegrationTooltoaddressthesafetydataaccessandanalysisneedsofpotentialusers.Aspartofthecurrentphaseofthestudy,theseenhancementswereorganizedintofivecategories:

（1）dataaccess

（2）datainterpretationanduse

（3）analysisfunctions

（4）integrationwithhumanerrormodels

（5）applicationsupport

3.UserNeedsSurvey

InordertoidentifytheviewsofcurrentandpotentialusersoftheIntegrationToolastotheusefulnessofthevariousproposedfunctionalenhancementsidentifiedinthepreviouschapter,aswellastheprovisionofaccesstoadditionaldatabases,asurveyofsafetydataaccessandanalysisneedswasundertaken.Inadditiontodataaccessneedsandthefunctionalityofdataaccessandanalysistools,thesurveywasalsodesignedtoinvestigatehowfamiliartheaviationsafetyanalysiscommunityiswiththeprototypeIT,andtheirwillingnesstofinanciallysupportthefuturedevelopmentoftheIT.

SincenotallrespondentstothesurveywouldbefamiliarwiththeIT,ashortdescriptionoftheprototypeITwasincludedwiththesurvey,andthequestionsweredesignedtoaddressdataaccessandanalysisneedsingeneral,sothattheycouldbeansweredwhetherornottherespondentwasfamiliarwiththeexistingcapabilitiesofthetool.AdraftofthesurveyquestionnairewasreviewedwiththeprojectsponsorandpretestedbydistributingittoselectedsafetyanalystsattheFAA,NASAAmesResearchCenter,andFAAandNASAcontractors.Basedontheircommentsthewordingofsomeofthequestionswererevised.ThefinalsurveyquestionnaireisincludedasAppendixA.TheattachedinformationontheIntegrationToolisincludedasAppendixB.

Thesurveywasdistributedtoabout150aviationsafetyprofessionals,comprisingmembersoftheGAINWorkingGroup1,participantsinthefirstandsecondFAAWorkshoponFlightCrewAccidentandIncidentHumanFactors,heldinJune1995andJune1996respectively,andselectedparticipantsattheFAASafetyRoundtableonRunwayIncursionPreventionheldinOctober1997.TheserecipientsweresupplementedbyotherselectedFAAandindustryexpertsidentifiedbytheprojectsponsorortheresearchteam.

Aslightlymodifiedversio