Proposed Functional Enhancements For The Flight Crew Human Factors Integration Tool外文文献翻译Word格式.docx

1、专 业学生姓名学号指导教师职称二一二年六月Proposed Functional Enhancements For The Flight Crew Human Factors Integration ToolPreface and AcknowledgmentsThis report documents research undertaken by the National Center of Excellence for Aviation Operations Research, under Federal Aviation Administration Research Contract

2、Number DTFA03-97-D-00004, Delivery Order DTFA03-97-F-UC007, Human Factors Support to the FAA Office of System Safety for the Global Analysis and Information Network. Any opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Aviation Administration or the U.S. Department of Transp

3、ortation. This report is one of three reports documenting the various tasks in the Delivery Order. The other two reports address Implementation of Analysis Methods and Flight Crew Training Needs Assessment and Improving the Representation of Human Error in the Use of the Flight Crew Human Factors In

4、tegration Tool.The author wishes to acknowledge the support and assistance of Jack Wojciech at the FAA Office of System Safety during the conduct of the research, as well as the contribution of the FAA and industry personnel involved in aviation safety who provided input to the research team and res

5、ponded to the user needs survey discussed in the report.Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgments Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2. Proposed Functional Enhancements 3. User Needs Survey Survey Response Survey Results 4. Recommended Course of Action

6、Implementation of an Enhancd Version of the Prototype IT Promoting the Use of the IT Development of a Cost-Sharing Mechanism5. ConclusionsExecutive SummaryIn May 1996, the FAA announced a new and innovative approach to reach the goal of “zero accidents,” known as the Global Analysis and Information

7、Network （GAIN）. This would be a privately owned and operated international information infrastructure for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of aviation safety information, that would involve the use of a broad variety of worldwide aviation data sources, coupled with comprehensive analytica

8、l techniques, to facilitate the identification of existing and emerging aviation safety problems. A major component of this approach is the application of innovative analysis capabilities to identify the types of human error that contribute to aviation accidents and incidents in order to develop pre

9、vention strategies. As part of its Flight Crew Accident and Incident Human Factors Project, the Office of System Safety has developed a prototype website-based Integration Tool （IT） to access, integrate, and analyze flight crew human factors data relevant to safety.This report documents research act

10、ivities directed at identifying potential functional enhancements to the prototype Integration Tool that address the safety data access and analysis needs of potential users and would be supported by them. The approach adopted during the study consisted of three components: a review of potential enh

11、ancements to the prototype IT identified in prior work and other tasks of the current project; a survey of potential users of the IT, to identify their data access needs and views on the potential usefulness of different features; and discussions with FAA offices that would be involved in the use of

12、 the IT or the provision of data accessed by it.The results of the user needs survey demonstrate a high level of support for the type of data access and analysis capability provided by the Integration Tool, as well as a clear need for almost all the functional enhancements identified in the survey.

13、While some enhancements were perceived as somewhat more useful than others, the differences in the assessment were not great. This suggests that it would contribute to the value of the IT to implement as many of the proposed enhancements as soon as possible.Based on the assessment of the survey resp

14、ondents, there appears to be a very promising opportunity for the FAA to enter into a partnership with the potential users in the industry, in which those organizations would share in the cost of further development of the IT. However, for this to occur the capabilities of the current version of the

15、 IT need to be enhanced, so that the tool provides many of the features that respondents identified as desirable. It will also be necessary to continue to support the operational Web site and promote the use of the IT among the user community.1. IntroductionOn May 9, 1996, the FAA announced a new an

16、d innovative approach to reach the Administrators goal of “zero accidents,” known as the Global Analysis and Information Network （GAIN）. GAIN would be a privately owned and operated international information infrastructure for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of aviation safety informatio

17、n. It would involve the use of a broad variety of worldwide aviation data sources, coupled with comprehensive analytical techniques, to facilitate the identification of existing and emerging aviation safety problems.A major component of the GAIN approach is the application of innovative analysis cap

18、abilities to identify the types of human error that contribute to aviation accidents and incidents in order to develop prevention strategies. As part of its Flight Crew Accident and Incident Human Factors Project, the Office of System Safety has developed a new process that uses a prototype website-

19、based Integration Tool （IT） to access, integrate, and analyze flight crew human factors data relevant to safety. The initial process applies two human error models to the NTSB accident database and the FAA Pilot Deviation System （PDS） incident database and generates human factors patterns and trends

20、. Safety analysts in the Office of System Safety began to use the initial process in October 1996.In September 1996, the FAA Office of System Safety funded a research grant to the National Center of Excellence for Aviation Operations Research to initiate a program of research to provide human factor

21、s support for the GAIN concept. The first phase of this research, consisted of two tasks; first to continue the app lication and improvement of the IT and lay the foundations for a sound scientific approach to the analysis of human factors issues within the framework of the GAIN concept; and second

22、to review the results achieved to date by the flight crew human factors data contractor and integrate recommendations from this review into a strategic plan.This report documents research activities directed at identifying potential functional enhancements to the prototype Integration Tool that addr

23、ess the safety data access and analysis needs of potential users and would be supported by them. The objective of the research was to address the benefits and costs of: improving the human error models contained within the IT, improving the analytical tools that can be used in conjunction with the I

24、T, and securely accessing additional remote databases.2. Proposed Functional EnhancementsThe first phase of the study included a review of the findings of two prior workshops that had been conducted by the MITRE Corporation to discuss the analysis of flight crew human factors, present the developmen

25、t of the prototype Integration Tool, and obtain feedback from potential users. This information formed the basis for the recommendations for the future de velopment of the Integration Tool that were developed during the first phase, and that identified potential functional enhancements to the protot

26、ype Integration Tool to address the safety data access and analysis needs of potential users. As part of the current phase of the study, these enhancements were organized into five categories:（1）data access（2）data interpretation and use（3）analysis functions（4）integration with human error models（5）ap

27、plication support3. User Needs SurveyIn order to identify the views of current and potential users of the Integration Tool as to the usefulness of the various proposed functional enhancements identified in the previous chapter, as well as the provision of access to additional databases, a survey of

28、safety data access and analysis needs was undertaken. In addition to data access needs and the functionality of data access and analysis to ols, the survey was also designed to investigate how familiar the aviation safety analysis community is with the prototype IT, and their willingness to financia

29、lly support the future development of the IT.Since not all respondents to the survey would be familiar with the IT, a short description of the prototype IT was included with the survey, and the questions were designed to address data access and analysis needs in general, so that they could be answer

30、ed whether or not the respondent was familiar with the existing capabilities of the tool. A draft of the survey questionnaire was reviewed with the project sponsor and pretested by distributing it to selected safety analysts at the FAA, NASA Ames Research Center, and FAA and NASA contractors. Based

31、on their comments the wording of some of the questions were revised. The final survey questionnaire is included as Appendix A. The attached information on the Integration Tool is included as Appendix B.The survey was distributed to about 150 aviation safety professionals, comprising members of the G

32、AIN Working Group 1, participants in the first and second FAA Workshop on Flight Crew Accident and Incident Human Factors, held in June 1995 and June 1996 respectively, and selected participants at the FAA Safety Roundtable on Runway Incursion Prevention held in October 1997. These recipients were supplemented by other selected FAA and industry experts identified by the project sponsor or the research team.A slightly modified versio