人物故事类文章阅读拓展初英语语法Word下载.docx
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层理解题也可迎刃而解。
这两类阅读材料一般较长，即词数多，而且命题也较多，特别是推理判断题和事实细
节题多。
同学们在做此类阅读理解题时往往是材料看得懂，题目不好做的感觉。
因此，同学
们在阅读材料时要重点放在事情发展的过程和结果上，注意把握事件的发展进程及人物之间
的关系，细节与主题的关系，用以说明人物性格特点的事实、作者的态度等，这些内容往往
是推理判断题的命题点。
掌握了这些内容，同学们在做推理判断题时就不会以个人思维想象
代替根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，也只有这样才不会以偏概全。
至于事实细节题
的解答，同学们切忌想当然或者凭印象，一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做
出正确选择。
例题精讲
【试题来源】
【题目】
OnceIspokeatahighschool.Afterthespeech,Iwasaskedtoseeaspecialstudent.An
illnesshadkepttheboyhome,buthehadexpressedaninterestinmeetingme,anditwouldmean
agreatdealtohim.Iagreed.
HewasMatthew.Whenhewasborn,thedoctortoldhisparentsthathewouldnotlivetosee
five,thentheyweretoldhewouldnotmakeittoten.Nowhewasthirteen.Hewantedtomeetme
becauseIwasagold-medalweightlifter,andIknewaboutovercomingobstacles（障碍）andgoing
formydreams.
IspentoveranhourtalkingtoMatthew.Neveroncedidhecomplain.Hespokeabout
winningandsucceedingandgoingforhisdreams.Obviously,heknewwhathewastalkingabout.
Hejusttalkedabouthishopesforthefuture,andhowonedayhewantedtoliftweightwithme.
Whenwefinishedtalking,IwenttomybriefcaseandpulledoutthefirstgoldmedalIwon
andputitaroundhisneck.Itoldhimhewasmoreofawinnerandknewmoreaboutsuccessand
overcomingobstacles（障碍）thanIeverwould.Helookedatitforamoment,thentookitoffand
handeditbacktome.Hesaid,“Youareachampion.Youearnedthatmedal.SomedaywhenIget
totheOlympicsandwinmyownmedal,Iwillshowittoyou.”
LastsummerIgotthenewsthatMatthewhadpassedawayandaletterMatthewhadwritten
meafewdaysbefore:
DearRick,
MymomsaidIshouldsendyouathank-youletterforthepictureyousentme.Thedoctors
tellmethatIdon’thavelongtoliveanymore.ButIstillsmileasmuchasIcan.
ItoldyousomedayIwasgoingtotheOlympicsandwinagoldmedal.ButIknownowI’ll
nevermakeit.ButIknowI’machampion,andGodknowsthattoo.WhenIgettoHeaven,God
willgivememymedalandwhenyougetthere,Iwillshowittoyou.
Thankyouforlovingme.
Yourfriend,
Matthew
【选项】
1.Theboywishedtomeettheauthorbecause________.
A.headmiredtheauthorverymuch
B.hewishedtotakepartintheOlympics
C.hehopedtomakefriendswiththeauthor
D.heenjoyedgoinginforweightinglifting
2.WhichofthestatementsisTRUE?
A.Matthewwasgoodatweightlifting.
B.Rickhadthesimilardiseaseasachild.
C.Matthewremainedoptimisticinfaceofdisease.
D.Rickencouragedtheboytobecomeachampion.
3.Whydidtheboyrefusetheauthor’smedal?
A.Hethoughthewasnotworthyofit.
B.Ricklookedonthemedalastreasure.
C.ThegoldmedalwasverydeartoRick.
D.Hedidn’twanttobepitiedbyothers.
4.WhatcanbeinferredfromMatthew’sletter?
A.Rickwasunhappybeforedeath.
B.RickkeptintouchwithMathew.
C.MathewsentsomepicturestoRick.
D.MathewgotanOlympicgoldmedal.
【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B
【解析】记叙文是阅读理解部分必考的内容，特别是具有深厚思想内涵的文章，以达到通过
阅读对考生进行人文熏陶的目的。
本文即是励志的记叙文，体现出了这一命题原则的导向性。
1.A细节理解。
第二段中的最后一句表明答案为A。
2.C推理判断。
根据文章的第三、四段可知，Matthew对自己的未来充满了憧憬和希望，梦
想未来参加奥运会夺取金牌，因此我们可判断：
他面对疾病表现的非常乐观。
3.D推理判断。
在第四段中，Matthew说，他将来自己要夺取金牌，让作者看看。
可见Matthew
的自尊心非常强，他不愿意被别人同情。
4.B推理判断。
根据Mathew的来信的第一句可判断最佳答案为B。
【拓展】根据事实进行推理和判断的能力是中考能力考查的范围之一。
Matthew来信的第一
句为：
MymomsaidIshouldsendyouathank-youletterforthepictureyousentme.，由此我们
可以推断，在那次见面以后，作者曾给Matthew寄过照片，换言之“他们保持着联系”。
【知识点】人物故事类文章阅读拓展（初）
【适用场合】当堂例题
【难度系数】3
WouldyoubelievethatthefirstoutstandingdeafteacherinAmericawasaFrenchman?
His
namewasLaurentClerc.HebecameafriendofThomasHopkinsGallaudetandtogetherthey
foundedAmerica'
sfirstschoolforthedeaf.
LaurentClercwasborninasmallvillagenearLyons,France,onDecember26,1785.When
hewasoneyearold,hefellintoafire,losingbothhishearingandhissenseofsmell.
At12,LaurententeredtheRoyalInstitutionfortheDeafinPariswhereheexcelledinhis
studies.Afterhegraduated,theschoolaskedhimtostayonasanassistantteacher.
Meanwhile,inAmerica,ThomasHopkinsGallaudetwasstudyingtobeaminister.Hewas
veryconcernedaboutthelackofeducationalopportunitiesforthedeaf.Therefore,in1815,
GallaudetsailedtoLondon,Englandtoseekideasonhowtoteachdeafpeople.Whilehewas
there,hemetaFrencheducatorofthedeafwhoinvitedhimtogotoParistospendthreemonths
learningattheRoyalInstitutionfortheDeaf,theschoolwhereLaurentClercwasteaching.
Gallaudetacceptedtheoffer.Thetwoworkedandstudiedwelltogether.Whenthetimecamefor
Gallaudettoreturn,heaskedClerctocomewithhim.Clercacceptedononecondition:
thathe
wouldstayinAmericaonlyashorttime.
ThetwomensetsailonJune18,1816.ThevoyageacrosstheAtlanticOceantook52days;
however,ClercandGallaudetputthetimetogooduse.ClercstudiedEnglish,andGallaudet
studiedsignlanguage.Theydiscussedtheschoolforthedeafwhichtheyplannedtoopen.Onthe
longtrip,theyhadmanyconversationsabouteducationanddeafness.Theyearaftertheyarrived,
theyfoundedaschoolforthedeafinHarford,Connecticut.
Attheschool,Clercledabusylife.HetaughtsignstoPrincipalGallaudet;
hetaughtthepupils;
andhetaughthearingmenwhocametotheschooltostudydeafeducation.
In1819,ClercmarriedElizaCrockerBoardman,oneofhispupils.Theyhadsixchildren.He
retiredfromteachingin1858.AlthoughhehadintendedtoreturntoFrance,heneverdid.Hedied
onJuly18,1869intheUnitedStates.
1.WhydidThomasHopkinsGallaudetsailtoLondon?
A.Heneededtofinishhisstudiestobecomeaminister.
B.ItwastheeasiestwaytogettoFrance.
C.Hewantedtostudytheirsystemofdeafeducation.
D.HewantedtomarryAliceCogswell.
2.Fromtheinformationinthispassagewecaninferthat__________.
A.LaurentClercwasanintelligentman
B.Clerchaddifficultieslearninglanguage
C.ClercmarriedElizainordertogethisGreenCard
D.Clercwaspaidwellbecausehemadesuchimportantcontributionstosociety
3.OntheirtripfromParistoAmerica,ClercandGallaudet___________.
A.playedcardsandsocialized
B.studiedanddiscussedtheirplansforadeafschool
C.foundedaschoolforthedeaf
D.GallaudetstudiedEnglishandClercstudiedSignLanguage
4.WhichistherightorderofthethingsClercdid？
A.metGallaudet,movedtoAmerica,gotmarried,wenttoschoolinParis.
B.metGallaudet,wenttoschoolinParis,movedtoAmerica,gotmarried.
C.wenttoschoolinParis,metGallaudet,movedtoAmerica,gotmarried.
D.gotmarried,wenttoschoolinParis,metGallaudet,movedtoAmerica.
5.Themainideaofthispassagecouldbestbestatedas_________.
A.Clercmanagedhistimewell,andwasabletoteachalotofinformationinashortperiodof
time
B.ThomasGallaudetwasindebtedtoClercforallthathetaughthim
C.Clercpreferredteachingdeafstudentstohearingstudents
D.Clerc,aneducatedFrenchman,hadagreatimpactonAmericanDeafEducation
【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.C5.D
【解析】1.C第四段“hewasconcernedaboutthelackofopportunitiesfordeafpeoplein
America和hewenttoLondontoseekideasonhowtoteachdeafpeople.”与C项表达虽然不同，
但意思基本一致。
2.A推理判断题。
可以用排除法解答此题，B项不可能，Clerc懂法语、手语、还在旅途中
学习英语；
C项文中既没有说明为什么与Eliza结婚，更谈不上当时是否有“绿卡”。
D项没
有足够的信息推断挣钱多少。
根据文中“anexcellentteacher,learnedmanydifferentlanguage，
succeededinschool”等信息可以推断hewasanintelligentman。
3.B细节理解题。
根据第6段中“theystudiedEnglishandSignLanguage,anddiscussedthe
schoolforthedeafwhichtheyplannedtoopen.”可以确定答案是B。
4.C逻辑顺序题。
根据第3段ClercwenttoschoolinParis.、第五段becameGallaudetsSign
Languageteacher、第六段in1816,afterthetwomenstudiedtogetherinParis和最后一段in
1819,Clercgotmarried.可确定其先后顺序C项正确。
【考场秘招】做这类题，先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然
后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案。
5.D主旨大意题。
全文围绕Clerc和他对美国聋儿教育的影响，所以D项正确，而A项面
太窄，B项偏离主题，本文针对的不是ThomasGallaudet，C项文中根本没ᨀ到偏爱做一名
教师。
【拓展】中考阅读理解题中人物传记类文章很常见。
在选材时，不仅注重名家的生平，也关
注与名人生活、事业息息相关的人或事，当然，也不乏一些介绍普通人学习、生活和工作等
的故事。
本文在命题方面突出高考命题的灵活性：
既注重特定细节的准确理解，又注重推理
判断题的考查，同时涉及了事情先后顺序的排列，体现了命题的多样性。
细节题都可以从原文中找到答案，只不过为了迷惑考生，常常将原文进行改写，换一种说法。
所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而与原文意思相同的，才是正确的。
【知识点】⼈物故事类⽂章阅读拓展（初）
【难度系数】5
YearsagoaJohnHopkin'
sprofessorgaveagroupofgraduatestudentsthistask:
Gotothe
slums（贫民窟）.Take200boys,betweentheagesof12and16,andresearchintotheirbackground
andenvironment.Thenpredicttheirchancesforthefuture.
Thestudents,afterconsultingsocialstatistics,talkingtotheboys,andcompiling（汇编）much
data,concludedthat90percentoftheboyswouldspendsometimeinprison.
Twenty-fiveyearslateranothergroupofgraduatestudentswasgiventhejoboftestingthe
prediction.Theywentbacktothesamearea.Someoftheboys—bythenmen—werestillthere,a
fewhaddied,somehadmovedaway,buttheygotintouchwith180oftheoriginal200.They
foundthatonlyfourofthegrouphadeverbeensenttoprison.
Whywasitthatthesemen,whohadlivedinabreeding（滋生）placeofcrime,hadsucha
surprisinglygoodrecord?
Theresearcherswerecontinually
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