考研英语写作词汇要求.docx
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考研英语写作词汇要求
词汇的五化
1.正式化：
A:
Copscan’ttakeeffectiveactionstopreventthevictimsfrombeingassaulted.
B:
Policecannottakeeffectiveactionstopreventthevictimsfrombeingassaulted.
A:
Aftermilitarytraining,forafewdays,wewereallknockedup.
B:
Aftermilitarytraining,forafewdays,wewereallexhausted.
2.准确化：
擅长读书的人常在读完一篇文章之后记下文章的概要。
A:
Agoodreaderoftenwritesanoutlineaboutthearticlehehasread.
B:
Agoodreaderoftenwritesansummaryaboutthearticlehehasread.
客人们在共进晚餐之后都松弛下来，也随便了多了。
A:
Afteragooddinnertogether,alltheguestsrelaxedandbecamequitecareless.
B:
Afteragooddinnertogether,alltheguestsrelaxedandbecamequitefamiliar.
改错练习：
琳达决心进行定期锻炼，使身材和她的舞蹈老师一样苗条。
Lindawasdeterminedtokeepregularexercisessothatshewouldbeasdelicateasherdancingteacher.
许多店主是下岗工人。
Manyoftheshop-ownersareoff-dutyworkers.
3.形象化：
长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。
（李白）
3.1活用词义（小词）
他不得不在如流的车海中艰难行进。
A:
Youhavetowalkthroughtheseaofbicycles.
B:
Youhavetofightthroughaboilingseaofbicycles.
A:
Thedrunkardwalkalongthepath.
B:
Thedrunkardbumpedalongthegravelpath.
A:
TheplanelandsatShanghaiInternationalAirport.
B:
TheplanearcssoftlyintothefinaldescentatShanghaiInternationalAirport.
A:
Astherepresentativeoftheworkingclass,hemercilesslycriticizedthesocialevilsofhisage.
B:
Astherepresentativeoftheworkingclass,hemercilesslylashedthesocialevilsofhisage.
3.2活用词类
A:
Insteadofblindlyfollowingthem,weshouldobservethemcarefullyandanalyzethemcritically.Afterwehaveobservedthemcarefullyandanalyzedthemcritically,wemayidentifytheconceptionsthatwillactuallycontributetothesocialdevelopment.Weshallonlyfollowthoseconceptionsthatwillcontributetothesocialdevelopment.
B:
Insteadofblindlyfollowingthem,weshouldobservethemcarefullyandanalyzethemcritically.Throughthecarefulobservationandcriticalanalysis,wemayidentifytheconceptionsthatwillactuallycontributetothesocialdevelopment.Itisonlythosecontributiveconceptionsthatweshouldfollow.
3.3拟声绘色
A:
Thecoinfellonthesidewalk,butnopassersbyevenlookedatit.
B:
Thecoinfelltinklingonthesidewalk,butnopassersbyevenlookedatit.
A:
Christmasispure,butmyheartisgloomy.
B:
Christmasiswhite,butmyheartisblue.
练习：
A:
Teenagesmokingincreasessharply.
B:
A:
weshouldtaketheresponsibility.
B:
A:
Hewillleadthedelegation.
B:
4.名词化
A:
Fireworksareveryimportanttoourfestivalsandcelebration.
B:
Fireworksareofgreatimportancetoourfestivalsandcelebrations.
A:
TheChineseNewYearisaspopularasChristmasinthewesternsocieties.
B:
ThepopularityoftheChineseNewYearisnowherelessthanthatofChristmasinthewesternsocieties.
人们都有一种感觉，现在的人没有以前诚实了。
A:
Peoplefeelthatpeoplearenolongerashonestasbefore.
B:
Thereisageneralfeelingthatpeoplearenolongerashonestastheyusedtobe..
如果我们比较一下这两种交通工具，我们不难发现骑自行车更为方便。
A:
Ifwecomparethetwoformsoftransport,wewillfindridingbicyclesismuchmoreconvenient.
B:
Carefulcomparisonofthetwoformsoftransportwillshowthatridingbicycleismuchmoreconvenient.
练习：
老师走后，激烈的争论才宣告结束。
A:
Aftertheteacherhadleft,theheateddiscussionthenended.
B:
人们越来越关注人口的迅猛增长。
A:
Peopleareincreasinglyconcernedwiththepopulationgrowth.
B:
如果我们认识不到这个问题的严重性，就会犯大错误。
A:
Ifwedon’trecognizetheseriousnessoftheproblem,wewillmakeabigmistake.
B:
5.多样化
【第一步：
汉译英比较】
【第二步：
哲学引入】
5.1对象针对性
Afterhavinganambrosialfeastatthemostmagnificentrestaurantinthecity,witheuphonicmusicaround,andtalkingwithagracefulladywhohecouldeverdreamofmarrying,themanhadhissweetestdreamofhislifethatnight.
5.2程度差异性
Good
普通程度
Fair,good,nice,fine,okay,…
中等程度
Great,excellent,…
高等程度
Outstanding,perfect,superb,superlative,supreme,surpassing,ultimate,…
Increase
普通增长
Increase,ascend,climb,rise,goup,mount,…
急速增长
Soar,rocket,jump…
上一层次
Levelup
小技巧：
AissoX（未知形容词）thatitcanV…可以将V转换词性直接修饰A，达到程度化。
A:
Therainissocoldthatitcanpenetrateourskin.
B:
Thepenetratingrainis…
A:
Thepriceishighthatitcannotbeafforded.
B:
Theunaffordablepriceis…
A:
Theplanissogoodthatitcansavemuchmoney.
B:
Themoney-savingplanis…
5.3同义替代性
表示原因的连词
Because,since,as,for,inthat,…
表示原因的介词
For,dueto,owingto,thanksto,onaccountof,becauseof,…
表示结果的连词
So,sothat,so…that,such…that,…
表示结果的副词
Therefore,hence,consequently,asaresult,…
原因导致结果的动词
Leadto,contributeto,accountfor,beresponsiblefor,resultin…
结果源于原因的动词
Liein,resultfrom,beattributedto,derivefrom,originate/stemfrom,...
考研作文最常用的九大词汇扩展：
1.学生最喜欢的句型“withthedevelopmentofthesociety”
1.1从无到有
Withtheadventofinformationtechnology…
Withtheinventionofmoderncomputers…
Withthediscoveryofradioactiveelements…
Withtheintroductionofassemblylines…
WiththesuccessofcloningDollytheSheep…
Withtheachievementofspacetraveling…
1.2从有到无
Withtheabolitionofslavery…
Withthepassageoftime…
Withtheextinctionofsomeendangeredspecies…
Withthelostoflivesandproperties…
1.3从低级到高级
Withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandard…
Withtheadvanceofscienceandtechnology…
Withtheprogressinchina’shumanrights…
Withtheeffortsmadeinfightingfakecommodities…
1.4从高级到低级
Withthedepressionofeconomy…
Withtherecessionofthestandardofeconomy…
Withthedeteriorationofourlivingenvironment…
Withthedegenerationofyouthfulidealism…
Withthedegradationofpeople’smoralconcept…
Withthedecadenceofculturalcharacteristics…
Withthedeclineofhiscareer…
1.5抽象的变化
Withtheprogressofglobalization/socialization/modernization/urbanization/commercialization/desertification/industrialization…
2.表示正误的词
2.1正确
普通意义的正确
Right,correct,understandable,accepted,…
具体方面的正确
Reasonable,rational,logical,responsible,feasible…
2.2错误
普通意义的正确
Wrong,incorrect,mistaken,unaccepted,…
具体方面的正确
Unreasonable,irrational,illogical,irresponsible,unfeasible,harmful,unreliable…
错误程度的区分
Questionable,ridiculous,fallacious…
3.表示重要的词
从程度上讲
Important,vital,crucial,…
从表现方面
Necessary,essential,indispensable,urgent,immediate,…
从后果上讲
Severe,serious,irreversible,irreparable,disastrous,catastrophic,…
4.表示优缺点的词
表示优点
Advantage,pro,merit,…
表示缺点
Disadvantage,con,demerit,shortcoming,drawback,defect,flaw,…
5．表示描述图表的词
表示增长的词
Increase,ascend,climb,rise,mount,accumulate,goup,surge,soar,jump,levelup,…
表示下跌的词
Drop,decline,decrease,fall,godown,leveloff,dip（下降后重新上升）,…
表示走平的词
Stabilize,remainstead,maintainstable,keepthesame,stayunchanged,…
表示波动的词
Fluctuate,…
表示变化剧烈的词
Sharply,dramatically,drastically,greatly,immensely,noticeably,…
表示变化缓慢的词
Gradually,moderately,slowly,gently,…
表示顶部的词
Peak,highest,…
表示底部的词
Bottom,lowestpoint,…
6.表示让步、转折词：
转折的连词
But,while,yet,whereas,…
转折的副词
However,nevertheless,nonetheless,yet,still,…
转折性对比（副词词组）
Instead,onthecontrary,incomparison,bycontrast,incontrastwith/to
表示让步的连词和词组
Though,although,evenif,eventhough,despitethefactthat,inspiteofthefactthat
7.表示原因和结果的词
原因的连词和词组
Because,since,as,for,inthat,…
原因的介词和词组
For,dueto,owingto,thanksto,onaccountof,becauseof,…
结果的连词和词组
So,sothat,so…that,such…that,…
结果的副词和词组
Therefore,hence,consequently,thus,asaresult,…
原因导致结果词组
Leadto,contributeto,accountfor,beresponsiblefor,resultin,bringabout,…
结果源于原因词组
Liein,resultfrom,beattributedto,comefrom,derivefrom,stem/originatefrom,…
8.表示年轻人的词
表示年轻人的词
Youth,youngpeople,juvenile,youngster,teenager,adolescent,kid,child,schoolchildren,pupil,…
形容年轻人褒义词
Young,vigorous,carefree,ambitious,fashionable,active,curious,…
形容年轻人贬义词
Immature,impractical,ignorant,amoral,vulnerable,…
9.表示环境的词汇
环境热门词汇
Environment,atmosphere,ozone,carbondioxide,freon,plastic,rubbish,litter,…
环境污染词汇
Pollution,contamination,deforestation,soilerosion,acidrain,desertification,nondegradable,greenhouseeffect,…
考研常用词汇汇总：
好学生：
top/smart/gifted/superior/excellent/outstanding/highachieving/Astudent,boysandgirls/schoolpopulationsofhighability
想象：
imagine/visualize
积累财富：
makemoneyandpossessluxuries/amasswealthandpossessions
经济拮据：
financialcares,financialpressures
能力：
ability,skill,capacity
天生：
bebornwith,beendowedwith
永不屈服的精神：
aneversurrenderattitude,anunrelentingdrivetosucceed
迷住了：
becomefascinatedwith,becomeobsessedwith
了解：
haveaperspectiveon,haveanunderstanding/appreciationof,provide/gainaninsightinto
越来越：
beincreasingly+adj,beontherise,thegrowingnumberof
意识到：
thereisgrowingawarenessof/realizationof,awakensbtothefactthat
适应新的形势/变化：
adapt/adjust/accommodateoneselftonewenvironment
作出努力:
maketremendous/persistent/sustainedefforttodosth,takegreatpainstodo
产生影响：
have/exertaprofoundinfluenceon…,haveadramatic/undesirableeffecton…
满足要求：
meet/satisfy/accommodatethedemandof
把……考虑进去：
takesthintoaccount/consideration,givemuchthoughtto
提出观点建议：
advance/putforward/comeupwith+issue/arguments/ideas/suggestions
品味人生、自由、青春：
savorthelife/freedom/youth
阻碍了…：
hamper/impede/stuntthedevelopmentof,standinthewayof,beanobstacle/barrierto..
缩小差别：
bridge/narrow/fillthegap/gulfbetween…and…
把成功/错误归咎于：
attribute/owethesuccess/failureto
重视：
attach/assignmuchimportance/significanceto
强调：
place/putmuchemphasis/stress/valueon
把注意力集中在：
focus/concentrateone’sattention/efforts/thoughtsupon
有可能：
thereis（little/much）possibility/li
升级会员 