英语真题Word文档格式.docx
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socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16ucation.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)17geneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately18isargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19emtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20ateofaffairs.
1.
[A]selected
[B]prepared
[C]obliged
[D]pleased
2.
[A]unique
[B]particular
[C]special
[D]rare
3.
[A]of
[B]with
[C]in
[D]against
4.
[A]subsequently
[B]presently
[C]previously
[D]lately
5.
[A]Only
[B]So
[C]Even
[D]Hence
6.
[A]thought
[B]sight
[C]cost
[D]risk
7.
[A]advises
[B]suggests
[C]protests
[D]objects
8.
[A]progress
[B]fact
[C]need
[D]question
9.
[A]attaining
[B]scoring
[C]reaching
[D]calculating
10.
[A]normal
[B]common
[C]mean
[D]total
11.
[A]unconsciously
[B]disproportionately
[C]indefinitely
[D]unaccountably
12.
[A]missions
[B]fortunes
[C]interests
[D]careers
13.
[A]affirm
[B]witness
[C]observe
[D]approve
14.
[A]moreover
[B]therefore
[C]however
[D]meanwhile
15.
[A]givenup
[B]gotover
[C]carriedon
[D]putdown
16.
[A]assessing
[B]supervising
[C]administering
[D]valuing
17.
[A]development
[B]origin
[C]consequence
[D]instrument
18.
[A]linked
[B]integrated
[C]woven
[D]combined
19.
[A]limited
[B]subjected
[C]converted
[D]directed
20.
[A]paradoxical
[B]incompatible
[C]inevitable
[D]continuous
SectionII
ReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.
Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.
Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”
Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”
AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”
NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.
21.
Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?
[A]Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.
[B]Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.
[C]Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.
[D]Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.
22.
Dr.Yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatwomen
[A]needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.
[B]havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.
[C]aremorecapableofavoidingstress.
[D]areexposedtomorestress.
23.
AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe
[A]domesticandtemporary.
[B]irregularandviolent.
[C]durableandfrequent.
[D]trivialandrandom.
24.
Thesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”(Line6,Para.5)showsthat
[A]Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.
[B]Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.
[C]Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.
[D]Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.
25.
Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
[A]StrainofStress:
NoWayOut?
[B]ResponsestoStress:
GenderDifference
[C]StressAnalysis:
WhatChemicalsSay
[D]GenderInequality:
WomenUnderStress
Text2
Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors’namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.
Nolonger.TheInternet–andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit–ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.
Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.
Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;
threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.
26.
Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses
[A]thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.
[B]thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.
[C]therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.
[D]thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.
27.
WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport?
[A]Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.
[B]Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.
[C]Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.
[D]Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.
28.