高中英语阅读理解专题讲座 及强化训练Word格式文档下载.docx
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二、专题讲座
（一）解题技巧
1、审核标题，抓住中心
标题是主题的高度浓缩和凝聚，它能给予考生启示和想象。
这样有利于对短文的理解，
能提高做题的效率。
2、通读全文，掌握全貌
快速通读全文，并边看边思索，用铅笔做些重点圈划。
这样一遍读完，即可掌握文章的脉络。
3、浏览答题，明确要求
凭第一遍的阅读记忆勾出一些表层题的答案，对一些一时无法下结论的题目，做出记号，重点突出。
4、读懂问题和选项，不被局部正确所迷惑
读懂问题主要是明确该题具体考查什么。
选项中的每个词都不能马虎。
4、带着问题，重读短文，仔细研究，逐一解答
这次应带着明确的目的阅读，从中找出答案，以解决上述遗留的问题。
5、复读全文，仔细核对
待做完题目后，考生应复读全文，核查答案，确保答题正确。
（二）体悟、归纳与强化训练
1、理解主旨要义:
先读以下4篇短文，找出其主题，并说说是如何找到主题的。
A
JaneClerk,fair-haired,blue-eyedandtoughassteel,hasjustwonthemostdifficultraceintheworld.Inseventeendaysshedroveadogteamandsledge（雪橇）across1,050milesoftheArcticCircleandthroughsomeofthemostdifficultlandintheworld.Inbitterwindsandsnow-stormsshedroveherdogsalongtheArtictrack,intemperaturesthatreached-38º
.WhenJanewasaskedhowshefeltaboutbeingthefirstwomanevertowintheraceshesaid,“stillcan’tbelieveit.”Shethenwentovertoinspectherthirteenwild-eyeddogs.DavidWilson,whocamesecond,said,“itsurehurtswhenayoungwomanisaheadofyou.Butitdoesn’thurtforlong.Shewasagoodwinner.
***Whichofthefollowingbestgivesthemainideaofthisnewspaperarticle?
A.Womanwinstheworld’stoughestrace.B.Womanfightsbetterwindsandsnow-storms.
C.Womanwinsasledgeraceintheworld.D.WomandrivesadogteamacrosstheArctic.
本文的首句是主题句，后面的句子或是具体说明“世界上最困难的比赛”，或是侧面说明赢得这场比赛不易。
本篇的终结进一步呼应了主题句。
答案A（主题句在篇/段首的结构：
这种文章结构通常用演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别/特殊的步骤，既先概述后用细节加以说明）
B
OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonishedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollingskates.Herolledonandon.Suddenly,heranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingtopieces.NobodyforgotMerlin’sgrandentranceforalongtime!
***Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeintheparagraph?
A.Therollerskatesneededfurtherimprovement.B.ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool.
C.Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation.D.Merlingothimselfintotrouble.
这段文字从Merlin入场的细节叙述，最后一句做了归纳总结：
很长一段时间大家都没有忘记他不同凡响的入场。
可见他取得了意想不到的成功。
答案C
（主句在末尾的结构：
尾句是主题句的结构通常是用归纳法撰写，其步骤是先描述细节或交代论据，后作出概括性的结论，以总结性的的句子收尾。
）
C
Whenyouthrowaballupintotheairasfastasyoucan,theballreachesapointwhereitseemstopauseforamoment,andthenitcomesdown.Whenabulletisshotstraightup,itwilltravelmuchfasterandhigherthanaball,butit,too,willcomedown.Whatevergoesupmustcomedown.Wehavealwaysthoughtthistobetrue.Anairplanemayclimbtoaheightofseventeenmilesandthentravelfarandlong.Yetitdoesn’tstayupforever.Finally,likeeverythingelse,theplanemustcomedown.
***Whatisthetopicsentence?
（主句在中间的结构：
这样的结构往往先以一句或几句为主句的出现做铺垫，或是交代细节或论据。
在主题出场后，还有适当数量的句子陈述细节或继续给予例证。
它的层次是：
引领------主题思想------解释或继续给予例证）
D
ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebitesthatledmetothiscareer.”hesaid
In1963,afterhisarmyservice,ShuenteredamedicalschoolandlaterbecameadoctorofChineseMedicine.Asapartofhisstudieshehadtoworkinthemountains.Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohadtheirarmsandlegscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirlives.
“IwasgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet.Itwasaveryhotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhenhefeltapaininhislefthand.Heatoncerealizedhehadbeenbittenbyapoisonoussnake.Innotimehewrappedaclothtightlyaroundhisarmtostopthepoisonspreadingtohisheart.Rushinghomeheshouted,‘Bringmetheknife.’Minuteslaterthemanlosthisarmforever.”“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shesaid.
***Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticleis_____.
A.AstonishingMedicineB.FarmerLosesArmC.DangerousBitesD.SnakeDoctor
（没有主题句的结构：
没有主题句的篇章（或段落），并不是没有主题思想，它们的主题思想不是由具体的某句话所表示的，而是要读者自己归纳总结。
这种结构通常叙述一件事的发展过程，或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实。
答案是D。
2、阅读理解强化训练
（一）
Howcanwemeasureintelligence（智力）?
Expertsarenotcompletelycertainabouttheanswertothisquestion.However,insolvingsomeproblems,monkeysarebetterthanotheranimalsandthisisagreedtobeasignoftheirhighintelligence.
Inoneexperiment,theanimalshadtoreachthefoodattheothersideofafence（栅栏）bywalkinground.Monkeysquicklysawthesolution（解决方法）.Dogswerenotsocertain,whilehenssimplyrushedatthefence,tryingtoreachthefooddirectly.Inthesecondstepoftheexperiment,theanimalcouldnotwalkround,buttherewasaropeconnectedtothefood.Monkeyspulledtheropeandthedogsdidn’tknowwhattodothoughtheycouldeasilypulltheropewiththeirteeth.
***Themainideaofthepassageisthat_____.
A.monkeysareclevererthanotheranimalsB.it’sdifficulttomeasureintelligence
C.expertsaretryingtofindawaytomeasureintelligence
D.monkeys,dogsandhensaregoodanimals*A*
阅读理解强化训练
（二）
OntheeveningofJune21,1992,atallmanwithbrownhairandblueeyesenteredthebeautifulhallofBellTowerHotelinXi’anwithhisbicycle.Thehotelworkersreceivedhimandtelephonedthemanager,fortheyhadneverseenabicycleinthehotelhallbeforethoughlivein“thekingdomofbicycles.”
RobertFriedlander,anAmerican,arrivedinXi’anonhisbicycletripacrossAsiawhichstartedlastDecemberinNewDelhli,India.Whenhewas11,hereadthebookMarcoPoloandmadeuphismindtovisittheSilkRoad.Nowafter44years,hewasontheSilkRoadinXi’anandhisearlydreamswerecomingtrue.
RobertFriedlander’snextdestinations（目的地）wereLanzhou,Dunhuang,Urumqi,etc.HewillcompletehistripinPakistan.
***Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticlewouldbe___.
A.TheKingdomofBicycleB.ABeautifulHotelinXi’an
C.MarcoPoloandtheSilkRoadD.AnAmericanAchievinghisAim*D*
阅读理解强化训练（三）
Manycitiesaroundtheworldtodayareheavilypolluted.Carelessmethodsofproductionandlackofconsumerdemandforenvironmentfriendlyproductshavecontributedtothepollutionproblem.Oneresultisthatmillionsoftonsofglass,paper,plastics,andmetalcontainersareproduced,andthesearedifficulttogetridof.
However,today,moreandmoreconsumersarechoosing“green”anddemandingthattheproductstheybuyshouldbesafefortheenvironment.Beforetheybuyaproduct,theyaskquestionslikethese:
“Willtheseshampoodamagetheenvironment?
”“Canthismetalcontainerbereusedorcanitonlybeusedonce?
”
Arecentstudyshowedthattwooffiveadultsnowconsidertheenvironmentalsafetyofaproductbeforetheybuyit.Thismeansthatcompaniesmustnowchangethewaytheymakeandselltheirproductstomakesurethattheyare“green”,thatis,friendlytotheenvironment.
Onlyafewyearsago,itwasimpossibletofindgreenproductsinsuppermarkets,butnottherearehundreds.Somesupermarketproductscarrylabels（标签）toshowthattheproductisgreen.Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturing（生产）ofcleanandsafeproductstheirmainsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.
Theconcernforasaferandcleanerenvironmentismakingcompaniesrethinkhowtheydobusiness.Nolongerwilltheypublicaccepttheoldattitudeof“buyit,useit,throwitaway,andforgetit.”Thepublicpressureison,andgraduallybusinessiscleaningupitsact.
***Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.BusinessandPeopleB.BusinessGoesGreen
C.ShoppingHabitsareChangingD.SupermarketsandGreenProducts*B*
阅读理解强化训练（四）
Ihaveworkedallmylife.I’vedonemen’sjobs.I’vedoneeverything.Ihaveusedscrewdrivers,electricdrills,andpunchpresses.Ireallyknowwhatitmeanstodomen’swork.Whatgetsmeis,youworkallyourlifelikeadog.Youpayallyourtaxesintothesegovernmentprograms.Butstill,whenyouneedhelp,thepeoplethatyouarepaidtohelpyou,theyactlikeit’scomingoutoftheirownpockets.
MyhusbandGeorgehadastrokenotlongago.I’vealwaysworkedallmylifeandIneverhave
todothisbefore,butwhenGeorgehadthestrokeIknewIneededhelp.Ihadtoquitmyjobtotakecareofhim.
SoIwentdowntothewelfareandtoldthemIneededhelp.Wewerelivingwithmysonatthetime.Thewelfarepeoplesaidthatsincewewerestayingthere,hehadtotakecareofus.Ifwewantedhelp,we’dhavetomoveout.Thetroublewaswedidn’thaveanythingatall,andGeorgewasinhospital.
WhenIknewIneededsomehelp,IwentupheretothisplacecalledHubCenterwherethey’resupposedtohelppeople.Well,ItoldthisyoungkidthatIwasworkingtherethatwewerestarvinganddidn’thavethemoneytopayourrentorbuyourmedicine.Well,hestartedwritingsomethingdownonaslipofpaper,andhewroteforthelongesttime.Thenhegaveittomeandsaid,“Takethispapert1631VineStreetandtheywillgiveyouasandwich.”
Isaid,“Thanksfornothing,kid.”
Ineverwassoembarrassedinallmylife.Ithought,well,IknowIhavetobegoingcrazy.Ijusthavetobe,thisjustcan’tbehappening.
***Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe_____.
A.IReallyKnowMen’sWorkB.Applying（申请）ForWelfare
C.WhereAreTheyWhenYouNeedThemD.WhereDoOurTaxesGo*C*
阅读理解强化训练（五）
Theoldideathatchildprodigies（神童）“burnthemselves”or“overtaxtheirbrains”intheearlyyears,therefore,arepreytofailureand（atworst）mentalillnessisjustamyth.Asamatteroffact,theoutstandingthingthathappenstobrightchildrenisthattheyareverylikelytogrowintobrightadults.
Tofindthisout,1,500giftedpersonswere
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