英美概况模拟题Word文档下载推荐.docx

英美概况模拟题Word文档下载推荐.docx

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.TheBlackDeath----Itisamodernnamegiventothedearlybubonicplague,anepidemicdiseasespreadthroughEuropeinthefourteenthcenturyparticularlyin1348-1349.Itcamewithoutwarning,andwithoutanycue.InEngland,itkilledalmosthalfofthetotalpopulation,causingfar-reachingeconomicconsequences.

theBlackDeath

ItwasthedeadlybubonicplaguewhospreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandwithoutwarningandanycure,andsparingnovictims.Itkilledbetweenhalfandone-thirdofthepopulationofEngland.Thus,muchlandwasleftuntendedandlabourwasshort.Itcausedfar-reachingeconomicconsequences.

theWarsofRoses

TheWarsofRoses----TheyreferredtothebattlesbetweentheHouseofLancasterandtheHouseofYorkbetween1455and1485.Theformerwassymbolizedbytheredrose,andthelatterbythewhiteone.HenryTudor,descendantofDukeofLancasterwonvictoryatBosworthFireldin1485andputthecountryundertheruleoftheTudors.Afterthewars,feudalismreceiveditsdeathblowandtheking’spowerbecamesupreme.Thegreatmedievalnobilitywasmuchweakened.TudormonarchsruledEnglandandWalesforovertwohundredyears.

TheGunpowderPlotof1605----TheGunpowderPlotof1605wasthemostfamousoftheCatholicconspiracies.OnNov.5,1605,afewfanaticalCatholicsattemptedtoblowKingJamesandhisministersupintheHouseofParliamentwhereGuyFawkeshadplantedbarrelsofgun-powderinthecellars.TheimmediateresultwastheexecutionofFawkesandhisfellow-conspiratorsandimpositionofsevereanti-Catholiclaws.Thelong-termresulthasbeenanannualcelebrationonNov.5,whenabonfireislittoturnaguyandafireworkdisplayisarranged.

Thatcherism----Theelectionof1979returnedtheConservativePartytopowerandMargaretThatcherbecamethefirstwomanprimeministerinBritain.Herpoliciesarepopularlyreferredtoasstate-ownedindustries,theuseofmonetaristpoliciestocontrolinflation,theweaklingoftradeforcesunions,thestrengtheningoftheroleofmarketforcesintheeconomy,andanemphasisonlawandorder.

NormanConquest----TheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.WilliamtheconquerorconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland

Constitutionalmonarchy----AconstitutionalmonarchyisagovernmentalsysteminwhichtheheadofStateisakingoraqueenwhoreignsbutdoesnotrule.ItisapoliticalsystemthathasbeenpracticedinBritainsincetheGloriousrevolutionof1688.Accordingtothissystem,theConstitutionissuperiortotheMonarch.Inlaw,theMonarchhasmanysupremepowers,butinpractice,therealpowerofmonarchyhasbeengreatlyreducedandtodaytheQueenactssolelyontheadviceofherministers.Shereignsbutdoesnotrule.TherealpowerliesintheParliament,ortobeexact,intheHouseofCommons.

ThePuritans----ThePuritanswerewealthy,well-educatedgentlemen.TheywantedtopurifytheChurchofEnglandandthreatenedwithreligiouspersecution,thePuritansleaderssawtheNewworldasthearefugeprovidedbyGodforthoseHemeanttosave.

checksandbalances:

Thegovernmentisdividedintothreebranches,thelegislative,theexecutiveandthejudicial,eachhaspartofthepowersbutnotallthepower.Andeachbranchofgovernmentcancheck,orblock,theactionsoftheotherbranches.Thethreebranchesarethusinbalance.Thiscalled“checksandbalances”.

TheGreatLakes

TheGreatLakesarethemostimportantlakesintheUnitedStates.TheyareLakeSuperior,whichisthelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld,LakeMichigan——theonlyoneentirelyintheU.S.——LakeHuron,LakeErieandLakeOntario.TheyarealllocatedbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStatesexceptLakeMichigan

Checksandbalances:

Thegovernmentisdividedintothreebranches,thelegislative,theexecutiveandthejudicial,eachhaspartofthepowersbutnotallthepower.Andeachbranchofgovernmentcancheck,orblock,theactionsoftheotherbranches.Thethreebranchesarethusinbalance.Thiscalled“checksandbalances”.

LandandPeople

1.Geographicalnames:

theBritishIsles,GreatBritainandEngland.

2.Officialname:

theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

3.TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands-GreatBritain（thelargerone）andIreland,andhu