英语论文An analysis of International Business ContractWord下载.docx

英语论文An analysis of International Business ContractWord下载.docx

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1.Introduction1

2.Definitionofcontractanditsgeneralfeatures.3

3.AnalyzingfromtheperspectiveofThemeandRhemestructure4

3.1ThemeandRhemeStructure5

3.2TheelementscanbeservedasTheme6

3.3ThreeDifferentThemeandRhemeStructure7

3.4ThemanneroftheThemeandRhemeProgress8

4.Theinnerstructureprogressanalysis11

5.ThecorrespondingtranslationinInternationalTradeContract15

5.1ThecorrespondingThemeandRhemstructureinJointVentureContract15

5.2ThecorrespondingThemeandRhemstructureinTechnologyTransferContract.18

6.Conclusion19

References21

1.Introduction

Everydaypeopleexchangepromiseswitheachotherinvariouscommunications.However,iftheyhavefailedtokeepthepromisetheymayprobablyfacepunishmentbylaw.Inthefieldofbusiness,contractsareespeciallyimportant.Everyactivitytobedoneinthisfieldaimstoconcludeacontractwithotherpeople.Inthisregard,itcanconcludethatcontractsarethekeyconcernamongbusinessmen.Duetolongdistanceandculturaldifference,eachpartyinvolvedinaninternationalbusinesstriestocontrolabusinessactivitybymeansofacontract.Withoutcontractsitisdifficulttoimaginehowbusinesscanbeconducted.

Contractisanextraordinaryfunctionaltoolamongbusinessmeninthebusinessactivities.Ithaslongbeforebecomeatechniqueforallocatingriskbetweentheparties.Bymakingcontracts,partieshopetoreducetheuncertaintiesoflife.Accordingtothecontractmadebyandbetweentwoparties,rightsandobligationsofthepartiesaredeterminedbythetermslisted.Thusabusinessconductcanbeperformedinasmoothwayandtheirinterestsbasedonthecontractareachieved.However,acontractalwaysdoesnotmeantheguaranteeofsuccessinabusinessactivity.Therearemanyfactorswhichareworthattentioninthecourseofpreparingandimplementingacontract.Language,asanecessarymeansinhumancommunications,isanimportantelementinacontract.Aproblemwiththelanguageofacontractmayruintheprospectofabusiness.Theprecisenessoflanguageisanessentialrequirementforacontract.ZhangZiming（ZhangZiming2004：

32）claimsthatanycontractualdisputesariseoutofdisagreementsovertheproperinterpretationofaparticularphraseinacontractandmostofthemhingeupontheprecisewordingandcontentofthecontract.However,thelanguageofcontractsisnoteasytounderstand.WuWeiping（WuWeiping,2002）pointsoutmostpeopleknowitdifficultreadinglegaldocuments（inanarrowsense）.Infactnon-legaldocumentslikecontracts,tradebrandsarealsodifficulttohandle.Duetotheimportanceofcontractsanddifficultyofcontractuallanguage,moreandmorepeoplehavebeenturningtheirattentiontothosecontractsstudy.ThepresentcontractualEnglishasatechnicallanguagewithobviouscharacteristics,maintainsindispensablelinguisticdevicessuchtediouslylongandcomplicatedsentences,whichrangeinprecision,clarityandunambiguityandall-inclusivenesstocontracts.

2.Definitionofcontractanditsgeneralfeatures.

Therearetremendousdefinitionsofacontract.Differentcountryorcultureorlawmayhavedifferentdefinitions.AdefinitionbyaBritishcontractlawisthat“Acontractisanagreementintendedtobelegallybindingandsupportedbyconsideration”（consideration,inanothernameisapromise）.TheUnitedStatesdefinesacontractas“apromiseorsetofpromisesforthebreachofwhichthelawgivesaremedy,ortheperformanceofwhichthelawinsomewayrecognizesasa“duty”（GuBaizhong2003:

1）.InChina,Article2inContractLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina（1999）givesitsowndefinitionofacontract:

“Acontractinthislawreferstoanagreementestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,thatis,betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations.”

Thereareothergeneraldefinitionsforwardedbyexpertsandscholars.Acontractisalegallyenforceableagreementbetweentwoormoreparties（ZhangZiming2004:

1）.Amorespecificdefinitionisthatacontractisapromiseorasetofpromisesmadebytwoormorepartieswhoagreetoperform,orrefrainfromperforming,someactnoworinthefuture,whichcanbeenforcedinacourtoflaworequity（YuanChanyou2001:

19）.Fromthedefinitionsabove,itcanseethatthepartiesand“oblige”（intechnicalterms）,promise（s）andlawarekeyelementstoacontract.Obligationsandrightsarethecontentofacontract.Theyarederivedfromapromiseorasetofpromiseswhichisadeclarationthatsomethingwillorwillnothappeninthefuture.Whenonepartypromisestodoornottodosomethingfortheotherparty,heorshehas