英语论文An analysis of International Business ContractWord下载.docx
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1.Introduction1
2.Definitionofcontractanditsgeneralfeatures.3
3.AnalyzingfromtheperspectiveofThemeandRhemestructure4
3.1ThemeandRhemeStructure5
3.2TheelementscanbeservedasTheme6
3.3ThreeDifferentThemeandRhemeStructure7
3.4ThemanneroftheThemeandRhemeProgress8
4.Theinnerstructureprogressanalysis11
5.ThecorrespondingtranslationinInternationalTradeContract15
5.1ThecorrespondingThemeandRhemstructureinJointVentureContract15
5.2ThecorrespondingThemeandRhemstructureinTechnologyTransferContract.18
6.Conclusion19
References21
1.Introduction
Everydaypeopleexchangepromiseswitheachotherinvariouscommunications.However,iftheyhavefailedtokeepthepromisetheymayprobablyfacepunishmentbylaw.Inthefieldofbusiness,contractsareespeciallyimportant.Everyactivitytobedoneinthisfieldaimstoconcludeacontractwithotherpeople.Inthisregard,itcanconcludethatcontractsarethekeyconcernamongbusinessmen.Duetolongdistanceandculturaldifference,eachpartyinvolvedinaninternationalbusinesstriestocontrolabusinessactivitybymeansofacontract.Withoutcontractsitisdifficulttoimaginehowbusinesscanbeconducted.
Contractisanextraordinaryfunctionaltoolamongbusinessmeninthebusinessactivities.Ithaslongbeforebecomeatechniqueforallocatingriskbetweentheparties.Bymakingcontracts,partieshopetoreducetheuncertaintiesoflife.Accordingtothecontractmadebyandbetweentwoparties,rightsandobligationsofthepartiesaredeterminedbythetermslisted.Thusabusinessconductcanbeperformedinasmoothwayandtheirinterestsbasedonthecontractareachieved.However,acontractalwaysdoesnotmeantheguaranteeofsuccessinabusinessactivity.Therearemanyfactorswhichareworthattentioninthecourseofpreparingandimplementingacontract.Language,asanecessarymeansinhumancommunications,isanimportantelementinacontract.Aproblemwiththelanguageofacontractmayruintheprospectofabusiness.Theprecisenessoflanguageisanessentialrequirementforacontract.ZhangZiming(ZhangZiming2004:
32)claimsthatanycontractualdisputesariseoutofdisagreementsovertheproperinterpretationofaparticularphraseinacontractandmostofthemhingeupontheprecisewordingandcontentofthecontract.However,thelanguageofcontractsisnoteasytounderstand.WuWeiping(WuWeiping,2002)pointsoutmostpeopleknowitdifficultreadinglegaldocuments(inanarrowsense).Infactnon-legaldocumentslikecontracts,tradebrandsarealsodifficulttohandle.Duetotheimportanceofcontractsanddifficultyofcontractuallanguage,moreandmorepeoplehavebeenturningtheirattentiontothosecontractsstudy.ThepresentcontractualEnglishasatechnicallanguagewithobviouscharacteristics,maintainsindispensablelinguisticdevicessuchtediouslylongandcomplicatedsentences,whichrangeinprecision,clarityandunambiguityandall-inclusivenesstocontracts.
2.Definitionofcontractanditsgeneralfeatures.
Therearetremendousdefinitionsofacontract.Differentcountryorcultureorlawmayhavedifferentdefinitions.AdefinitionbyaBritishcontractlawisthat“Acontractisanagreementintendedtobelegallybindingandsupportedbyconsideration”(consideration,inanothernameisapromise).TheUnitedStatesdefinesacontractas“apromiseorsetofpromisesforthebreachofwhichthelawgivesaremedy,ortheperformanceofwhichthelawinsomewayrecognizesasa“duty”(GuBaizhong2003:
1).InChina,Article2inContractLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(1999)givesitsowndefinitionofacontract:
“Acontractinthislawreferstoanagreementestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,thatis,betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations.”
Thereareothergeneraldefinitionsforwardedbyexpertsandscholars.Acontractisalegallyenforceableagreementbetweentwoormoreparties(ZhangZiming2004:
1).Amorespecificdefinitionisthatacontractisapromiseorasetofpromisesmadebytwoormorepartieswhoagreetoperform,orrefrainfromperforming,someactnoworinthefuture,whichcanbeenforcedinacourtoflaworequity(YuanChanyou2001:
19).Fromthedefinitionsabove,itcanseethatthepartiesand“oblige”(intechnicalterms),promise(s)andlawarekeyelementstoacontract.Obligationsandrightsarethecontentofacontract.Theyarederivedfromapromiseorasetofpromiseswhichisadeclarationthatsomethingwillorwillnothappeninthefuture.Whenonepartypromisestodoornottodosomethingfortheotherparty,heorshehas