灾难新闻中数字用语的顺应性阐释毕业论文Word文档格式.docx
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ListofAbbreviationsx
CHAPTERONEINTRODUCTION1
1.1ObjectivesofthePresentStudy2
1.2NeedforthePresentStudy3
1.3SignificanceofthePresentStudy4
1.4OverviewoftheThesis6
CHAPTERTWOLITERATUREREVIEW7
2.1NumberExpressionsinCommunication7
2.2Hedges:
Definitions,Classifications,andFunctions8
2.2.1Definitionofhedges8
2.2.2Classificationofhedges9
2.2.3Functionsofhedgesinnewsreporting11
2.3StudiesonNumbersinNewsReporting11
2.3.1Functionsofnumbersinnewsreporting12
2.3.2Waystoexpressnumbersinnews13
2.4SubjectivityandInvolvementinNewsReporting14
2.4.1Subjectivityandinvolvement14
2.4.2Devicestoconveyinvolvement16
2.4.3Studiesoninvolvementinnewsreporting17
2.5AdaptationTheoryandItsApplication19
2.6Summary21
CHAPTERTHREEMETHODOLOGY23
3.1ResearchQuestions23
3.2DataCollection24
3.2.1Sourceofthedata24
3.2.2Processofdatacollection25
3.3DataAnalysis32
CHAPTERFOURRESULTSANDDISCUSSION34
4.1NEsinDisasterNews:
DensityandFrequency34
4.2TheUseofNEsandtheNatureofDisasters37
4.3TheExpressionsofInvolvementTogetherwithNEs42
4.4SimilaritiesandDifferencesbetweenNICandNIE46
4.4.1ComparisonofthedistributionofNEsinNICandNIE46
4.4.2ComparisonoftheuseofNEsandthenatureofdisasters48
4.4.3Comparisonoftheexpressionsofinvolvementtogetherwith
NEs49
4.5Summary51
CHAPTERFIVECONCLUSION52
5.1SummaryoftheStudy52
5.2MajorFindingsfromtheResearch52
5.3ImplicationsoftheStudy54
5.4LimitationsoftheStudy55
5.5RecommendationsforFutureResearch55
REFERENCES57
APPENDICES63
ListofTables
Table3.1NEsinDisasterNews31
Table3.2ClausesandNEsinDisasterNews32
Table4.1DensityofOverallNEsinDisasterNews34
Table4.2FrequenciesofOverallNEsinDisasterNews35
Table4.3DensityandNatureofNEsinDisasterNews37
Table4.4FrequenciesandNatureofNEs38
Table4.5InvolvementMarkersinDisasterNews43
Table4.6DensityofNEsinNICandNIE46
Table4.7FrequenciesofNEsinNICandNIE47
Table4.8DensityofNEsandtheNatureofDisastersinNICandNIE48
Table4.9FrequenciesofNEsandtheNatureofDisastersinNICandNIE49
Table4.10InvolvementMarkersinNICandNIE50
ListofFigures
Figure2.1TheTaxonomyofHedges(He,2003,p.152)10
Figure2.2ContextualCorrelatesofAdaptability(Verschueren,1999,p.76)20
Figure3.1TheProcessinDataAnalysis33
ListofAbbreviations
NEs:
numberexpressions
NIC:
newsinChinese
NIE:
newsinEnglish
NIC-X:
TheXthnewsiteminthecorpusofdisasternewsinChinese.
NIE-X:
TheXthnewsiteminthecorpusofdisasternewsinEnglish.
Ns:
expressionsmadeofthepluralformofnumbers,especiallyhundred,thousand,etc,e.g.,scoresof,thousandsof,etc.
CHAPTERONE
INTRODUCTION
PartridgeoncearguedinhisUsageandAbusagethatagoodwritershouldaimatwritingclearly,preciselyandunambiguouslyandshouldensurethatwhathewroteonlyboreasingleandunmistakablemeaningforareaderofaverageintelligence(1947,p.372).Naturally,basedonthisunderstanding,newsreportingincludingthatofdisasters,acommonandpopularkindofreportinginwhichnumberexpressions(NEsforshort)areabundant,shouldbeasclear,preciseandunambiguousaspossible.AsSchudsonstated,“[i]tisapeculiardemandtomakeofeditorsandreporterswhohavenoneoftheprofessionalapparatuswhich,fordoctorsorlawyersorscientists,issupposedtoguaranteeobjectivity”(1978,p.3,ascitedinVerschueren,1985,p.1).
ContrarytowhatPartridgeandSchudsonbelieved,otherscholarssawtheothersideofthecoin.ChenKepingpointedoutthatvaguelanguagecommonlyoccurredinmessages,newsreportsandnewsstoriesinnewspapers(ascitedinWu,1999,p.91).Ontheotherhand,vaguenessisoneofthefeaturesoflanguage.
Inordertoillustratethecoexistenceofprecisionandvaguenessinnews,asampleiscitedasfollows.
Dec2,7:
53AMEST
QuakeJoltsNorthernPakistan
ISLAMABAD,Pakistan(AP)--AmoderateearthquakejoltedPakistan'
scapitalandthenorthwestSunday,buttherewerenoimmediatereportsofdamageorinjury.TheU.S.GeologicalSurveysaidthequakemeasuredmagnitude4.9andwascenteredintheHinduKushMountainsofneighboringAfghanistan,asparselypopulatedregionwhereearthquakesarecommon.Theepicenterwas220milesnorthwestofPakistan'
snorthwesterncityofPeshawar,saidTahirHas