灾难新闻中数字用语的顺应性阐释毕业论文Word文档格式.docx

灾难新闻中数字用语的顺应性阐释毕业论文Word文档格式.docx

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ListofAbbreviationsx

CHAPTERONEINTRODUCTION1

1.1ObjectivesofthePresentStudy2

1.2NeedforthePresentStudy3

1.3SignificanceofthePresentStudy4

1.4OverviewoftheThesis6

CHAPTERTWOLITERATUREREVIEW7

2.1NumberExpressionsinCommunication7

2.2Hedges:

Definitions,Classifications,andFunctions8

2.2.1Definitionofhedges8

2.2.2Classificationofhedges9

2.2.3Functionsofhedgesinnewsreporting11

2.3StudiesonNumbersinNewsReporting11

2.3.1Functionsofnumbersinnewsreporting12

2.3.2Waystoexpressnumbersinnews13

2.4SubjectivityandInvolvementinNewsReporting14

2.4.1Subjectivityandinvolvement14

2.4.2Devicestoconveyinvolvement16

2.4.3Studiesoninvolvementinnewsreporting17

2.5AdaptationTheoryandItsApplication19

2.6Summary21

CHAPTERTHREEMETHODOLOGY23

3.1ResearchQuestions23

3.2DataCollection24

3.2.1Sourceofthedata24

3.2.2Processofdatacollection25

3.3DataAnalysis32

CHAPTERFOURRESULTSANDDISCUSSION34

4.1NEsinDisasterNews:

DensityandFrequency34

4.2TheUseofNEsandtheNatureofDisasters37

4.3TheExpressionsofInvolvementTogetherwithNEs42

4.4SimilaritiesandDifferencesbetweenNICandNIE46

4.4.1ComparisonofthedistributionofNEsinNICandNIE46

4.4.2ComparisonoftheuseofNEsandthenatureofdisasters48

4.4.3Comparisonoftheexpressionsofinvolvementtogetherwith

NEs49

4.5Summary51

CHAPTERFIVECONCLUSION52

5.1SummaryoftheStudy52

5.2MajorFindingsfromtheResearch52

5.3ImplicationsoftheStudy54

5.4LimitationsoftheStudy55

5.5RecommendationsforFutureResearch55

REFERENCES57

APPENDICES63

ListofTables

Table3.1NEsinDisasterNews31

Table3.2ClausesandNEsinDisasterNews32

Table4.1DensityofOverallNEsinDisasterNews34

Table4.2FrequenciesofOverallNEsinDisasterNews35

Table4.3DensityandNatureofNEsinDisasterNews37

Table4.4FrequenciesandNatureofNEs38

Table4.5InvolvementMarkersinDisasterNews43

Table4.6DensityofNEsinNICandNIE46

Table4.7FrequenciesofNEsinNICandNIE47

Table4.8DensityofNEsandtheNatureofDisastersinNICandNIE48

Table4.9FrequenciesofNEsandtheNatureofDisastersinNICandNIE49

Table4.10InvolvementMarkersinNICandNIE50

ListofFigures

Figure2.1TheTaxonomyofHedges（He,2003,p.152）10

Figure2.2ContextualCorrelatesofAdaptability（Verschueren,1999,p.76）20

Figure3.1TheProcessinDataAnalysis33

ListofAbbreviations

NEs:

numberexpressions

NIC:

newsinChinese

NIE:

newsinEnglish

NIC-X:

TheXthnewsiteminthecorpusofdisasternewsinChinese.

NIE-X:

TheXthnewsiteminthecorpusofdisasternewsinEnglish.

Ns:

expressionsmadeofthepluralformofnumbers,especiallyhundred,thousand,etc,e.g.,scoresof,thousandsof,etc.

CHAPTERONE

INTRODUCTION

PartridgeoncearguedinhisUsageandAbusagethatagoodwritershouldaimatwritingclearly,preciselyandunambiguouslyandshouldensurethatwhathewroteonlyboreasingleandunmistakablemeaningforareaderofaverageintelligence（1947,p.372）.Naturally,basedonthisunderstanding,newsreportingincludingthatofdisasters,acommonandpopularkindofreportinginwhichnumberexpressions（NEsforshort）areabundant,shouldbeasclear,preciseandunambiguousaspossible.AsSchudsonstated,“[i]tisapeculiardemandtomakeofeditorsandreporterswhohavenoneoftheprofessionalapparatuswhich,fordoctorsorlawyersorscientists,issupposedtoguaranteeobjectivity”（1978,p.3,ascitedinVerschueren,1985,p.1）.

ContrarytowhatPartridgeandSchudsonbelieved,otherscholarssawtheothersideofthecoin.ChenKepingpointedoutthatvaguelanguagecommonlyoccurredinmessages,newsreportsandnewsstoriesinnewspapers（ascitedinWu,1999,p.91）.Ontheotherhand,vaguenessisoneofthefeaturesoflanguage.

Inordertoillustratethecoexistenceofprecisionandvaguenessinnews,asampleiscitedasfollows.

Dec2,7:

53AMEST

QuakeJoltsNorthernPakistan

ISLAMABAD,Pakistan（AP）--AmoderateearthquakejoltedPakistan'

scapitalandthenorthwestSunday,buttherewerenoimmediatereportsofdamageorinjury.TheU.S.GeologicalSurveysaidthequakemeasuredmagnitude4.9andwascenteredintheHinduKushMountainsofneighboringAfghanistan,asparselypopulatedregionwhereearthquakesarecommon.Theepicenterwas220milesnorthwestofPakistan'

snorthwesterncityofPeshawar,saidTahirHas