最新清华大学考研辅导强化班英语阅读理解讲义Word格式.docx

最新清华大学考研辅导强化班英语阅读理解讲义Word格式.docx

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1．《大纲》要求

2．形式

5篇文章，各500字左右，后附4小题，共20小题，40分

PartII文章体裁

1．结论说明型

Passage1

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo’s17th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake'

sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics-butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked"

anti-science"

inseveralbooks,notablyhighersuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLeavitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;

andThedemon-Hauntedworld,byCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingsuchas"

TheFlightfromScienceandReason,"

heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and"

ScienceintheAgeof（Mis）information,"

whichassembledlastJunenearbuffalo.

Anti-scienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLeavittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience'

sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheanti-sciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareanti-science,asanessayinUSNews&

WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulErichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheanti-scienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless."

Theterm'

anti-science'

canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthings,"

notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGoralsHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science."

Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened."

2．新老观点型

Passage2

FewpeoplewoulddefendtheVictorianattitudetochildrenbutifyouwereaparentinthosedays,atleastyouknewwhereyoustood;

childrenweretobeseenandnotheard.Freudandcompanydidawaywithallthatandparentshavebeenbewilderedeversince.Thechild'

shappinessisall-important,thepsychologistssay,butwhatabouttheparents'

happiness?

Parentssufferconstantlyfromfearandguiltwhiletheirchildrengailyrompaboutpullingtheplaceapart.Agoodold-fashionedspankingisoutofthequestion:

nomodernchild-rearingmanualwouldpermitsuchbarbarity.Thetroubleisyouarenotallowedeventoshout.Whoknowswhatdeeppsychologicalwoundsyoumightinflict.Thepoorchildmayneverrecoverfromthedreadfultraumaticexperience.Soitisthatparentsbendoverbackwardstoavoidgivingtheirchildrencomplexwhichahundredyearsagohadn'

tevenbeenheardof.Certainlyachildneedslove,andalotofit.Buttheexcessivepermissivenessofmodernparentsissurelydoingmoreharmthangood.Psychologistshavesucceededinunderminingparents'

confidenceintheirownauthority.Andithasn'

ttakenchildrenlongtogetwindofthefact.Inadditiontothegreatmodernclassicsonchildcare,therearecountlessarticlesinmagazinesandnewspapers.Withsomuchunsolicitedadviceflyingabout,mumanddadjustdon'

tknowwhattodoanymore.Intheend,theydonothingatall.So,fromearlychildhood,thekidsareinchargeandparents'

livesareregulatedaccordingtotheneedsoftheiroffspring.Whenthelittledearsdevelopintoteenagers,theytakecompletecontrol.Laxauthorityovertheyearsmakesadolescentrebellionagainstparentsallthemoreviolent.Iftheyoungpeoplearegoingtohaveaparty,forinstance,parentsareaskedtoleavethehouse.Theirpresencemerelyspoilsthefun.Whatelsecanthepoorparentsdobutobey?

Childrenarehardycreatures（farhardierthatthepsychologistswouldhaveusbelieve）andmostofthemsurvivetheharmfulinfluenceofextremepermissivenesswhichisthenormalconditioninthemodernhousehold.Butagreatmanydonot.Thespreadofjuveniledelinquencyinou