高考二轮复习阅读提速练5.docx
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高考二轮复习阅读提速练5
阅读提速练(五)
建议用时:
40分钟
阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中,选出最佳选项。
A
(2018·长春市质量监测一)
ExhibitionsintheBritishMuseum
Hokusai:
beyondtheGreatWave
KatsushikaHokusai(1760-1849)iswidelyregardedasoneofJapan'smostfamousandinfluentialartists.Heproducedworksofastonishingqualityrightupuntilhisdeathattheageof90.Thisnewexhibitionwillleadyouonanartisticjourneythroughthelast30yearsofHokusai'slife—atimewhenheproducedsomeofhismostmemorablemasterpieces.
25May-13August2017
Room35
Adults£12;Members/under16sfree
Placesofthemind:
Britishwatercolourlandscapes1850-1950
DrawnfromtheBritishMuseum'srichcollection,thisisthefirstexhibitiondevotedtolandscapedrawingsandwatercoloursbyBritishartistsintheVictorianandmoderneras—twohalvesofverydifferentcenturies.
23February—28August2017
Room90
Free,justdropin
Scythians:
warriorsofancientSiberia
ThismajorexhibitionexploresthestoryoftheScythians—nomadictribesandmastersofmountedwarfare,whoflourishedbetween900and200BC.TheirencounterswiththeGreeks,AssyriansandPersianswerewrittenintohistorybutforcenturiesalltraceoftheirculturewaslost—buriedbeneaththeice.
14September2017-14January2018
Room30
Adults£16.50;Members/under16sfree
Politicsandparadise:
IndianpopularprintsfromtheMoscatelliGift
ThisdisplayispartoftheMuseum'scontributiontotheIndiaUKYearofCulture2017.ItlooksatthepopularprintcultureofIndiafromthe1880suntilthe1950s.
19July-3September2017
Room90a
Free,justdropin
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文,对大英博物馆的四个展览做了简要介绍,包括这些展览的内容、开放时间、地点等。
【难句分析】 Thisnewexhibitionwillleadyouonanartisticjourneythroughthelast30yearsofHokusai'slife—atimewhenheproducedsomeofhismostmemorablemasterpieces.
分析:
本句中atimewhenheproducedsomeofhismostmemorablemasterpieces是thelast30yearsofHokusai'slife的同位语;whenheproducedsomeofhismostmemorablemasterpieces是定语从句,修饰atime,关系词when在定语从句中作时间状语。
译文:
这一新的展览将带领你踏上(感受)Hokusai人生最后30年的艺术之旅,(这是)一段他创作了一些(令人)最难忘的杰作的时期。
1.Ifyouareinterestedindrawingsofnaturalscenery,youwillprobablygoto________.
A.Room35 B.Room90
C.Room30D.Room90a
答案与解析:
B 考查细节理解。
根据“Placesofthemind:
Britishwatercolourlandscapes1850-1950”这一部分中的“thisisthefirstexhibitiondevotedtolandscapedrawingsandwatercolours”可知,该展览是关于风景画的,且根据“Room90”可知,应选B项。
2.WhichexhibitioncanyouattendinOctober2017?
A.Hokusai:
beyondtheGreatWave.
B.Scythians:
warriorsofancientSiberia.
C.Placesofthemind:
Britishwatercolourlandscapes1850-1950.
D.Politicsandparadise:
IndianpopularprintsfromtheMoscatelliGift.
答案与解析:
B 考查细节理解。
根据“Scythians:
warriorsofancientSiberia”这一部分中的“14September2017-14January2018”可知,在2017年十月份可以去参观Scythians:
warriorsofancientSiberia。
故选B项。
3.Wherecanwemostprobablyfindthepassage?
A.Inahealthreport.
B.Inastorybook.
C.Inaparentingmagazine.
D.Inatourguide.
答案与解析:
D 考查推理判断。
根据本文的标题“ExhibitionsintheBritishMuseum”及全文内容可知,本文是对大英博物馆的四个展览的介绍,由此可知,这篇文章可能出现在游览指南中。
D选项意为“在一本游览指南中”。
故选D项。
B
(南昌市NCS20180607项目一模)WhenIwasfiveorsixyearsold,IrememberwatchingTVandseeingotherchildrensufferinotherpartsoftheworld.Iwouldsaytomyself,“WhenIgrowup,whenIcangetrich,Iwillsavekidsallovertheworld.”
At17,IstartedmycareerhereinAmerica,andbytheageof18,Istartedmyfirstcharityorganization.Iwentontoteamupwithotherorganizationsinthefollowingyears,andmet,helped,andevenlostsomeofthemostbeautifulsouls,fromsixyearoldJasminaAnemawhopassedawayin2010fromleukemia(白血病),andwhosestoryinspiredthousandstovolunteerasdonors,tomygrandmother,wholostherbattlewithcancerin2012,andherdeathistheveryreasonandthedrivingforcebehindtheClaraLionelFoundation(CLF).We'reallhuman.Andwealljustwantachance:
achanceatlife,achanceineducation,achanceatafuture,really.AndatCLF,ourmissionistoimpactasmanylivesaspossible,butitstartswithjustone.
Peoplemakeitseemtoohardtodocharitywork.Thetruthis,youdon'thavetoberichtohelpothers.Youdon'tneedtobefamous.Youdon'tevenhavetobecollegeeducated.Butitstartswithyourneighbor,thepersonrightnexttoyou,thepersonsittingnexttoyouinclass,thekiddowntheblockinyourneighborhood.Youjustdowhateveryoucantohelpinanywaythatyoucan.Andtoday,Iwanttochallengeeachofyoutomakeacommitmenttohelponeperson,oneorganization,onesituationthattouchesyourheart.Mygrandmotheralwaysusedtosay,“Ifyou'vegotadollar,there'splentytoshare.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。
小时候在电视中看到世界的一些地方遭受困苦的孩子时,“我”便下定决心长大后要帮助他们;十八岁时“我”创立了自己的第一个慈善组织。
慈善无关贫富,无关名誉,无关教育背景;从帮助身边的人做起,你将成就你的事业。
【难句分析】 Andtoday,Iwanttochallengeeachofyoutomakeacommitmenttohelponeperson,oneorganization,onesituationthattouchesyourheart.
分析:
该句为主从复合句。
句中“thattouchesyourheart”为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词“onesituation”,关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语。
译文:
并且今天,我想要要求你们每个人,做出一份承诺来帮助一个人,一个组织,一个感动你内心的场合。
4.Whatdidtheauthorwanttodoatayoungage?
A.WatchTV.
B.Growupquickly.
C.Becomewealthy.
D.Helpotherchildren.
答案与解析:
D 考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的第二句“Iwouldsaytomyself,‘WhenIgrowup,whenIcangetrich,Iwillsavekidsallovertheworld.’”并结合第一段内容可知,小时候在电视中看到受苦的孩子,作者想要在长大后帮助他们。
故D项正确。
5.WhatdirectlycausedtheauthortocreateanddeveloptheCLF?
A.Asixyearoldkid'srequest.
B.Hergrandmother'sdeathofcancer.
C.Manyvolunteers'inspiration.
D.Otherorganizations'encouragement.
答案与解析:
B 考查细节理解。
根据第二段第二句中的“tomygrandmother,wholostherbattlewithcancerin2012,andherdeathistheveryreasonandthedrivingforcebehindtheClaraLionelFoundation(CLF)”可知,在2012年,祖母不敌癌症病魔而去世,这促使作者成立了克拉拉·莱昂内尔基金会(CLF)。
据此可知,是作者的祖母患癌症去世这件事促使了作者成立并发展了克拉拉·莱昂内尔基金会(CLF)。
故B项正确。
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“one”inParagraph2referto?
A.Achance.B.Atask.
C.Alife.D.Anorganization.
答案与解析:
C 考查代词指代。
根据第二段的最后一句“AndatCLF,ourmissionistoimpactasmanylivesaspossible,butitstartswithjustone”可知,在克拉拉·莱昂内尔基金会中,我们的任务是尽可能影响更多的生命,但这个任务从影响一个人的生命开始。
根据该句中的“asmanylivesaspossible”,结合“but...justone”可知,画线词one指代“alife”。
故C项正确。
干扰项分析:
A项意为“一个机会”,B项意为“一项任务”,D项意为“一个组织”,都与语境不符。
7.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?
A.Dolittlethingstohelpthosearoundthem.
B.Workhardtogetacollegeeducation.
C.Challengetheirfriendstoofferhelp.
D.Docharityworkwhoeveryouare.
答案与解析:
A 考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的第五句“Butitstartswithyourneighbor,thepersonrightnexttoyou,thepersonsittingnexttoyouinclass,thekiddowntheblockinyourneighborhood”可知,慈善帮助可以从帮助你的邻居开始,帮助现在在你身边的人开始,帮助上课时坐在你旁边的人开始,帮助你家附近街区上的小孩开始。
据此可以判断,作者建议慈善从帮助身边的人做起。
故A项正确。
C
(2018·广州市综合检测
(二))
Scientistshavesolvedthemysteryofwhytheoverwhelmingmajorityofmammothfossils(化石)aremale.
Muchlikewildelephantstoday,youngmaleIceAgemammothsprobablytravelledaroundaloneandmoreoftengotthemselvesintoriskysituationswheretheyweresweptintorivers,orfellthroughiceorintomud,lakesorsinkholesthatpreservedtheirbonesforthousandsofyears,scientistssay.
Females,ontheotherhand,travelledingroupsledbyanoldermatriarchwhoknewthelandscapeanddirectedhergroupawayfromdanger.
“Withoutthebenefitoflivinginaherdledbyanexperiencedfemale,malemammothshadamuchhigherriskofdyinginnaturaltrapssuchasmudholes,rockcracksandlakes,”saidcoauthorLoveDalénoftheSwedishMuseumofNaturalHistoryinareportpublishedonThursdayinthejournalCurrentBiology.
Thestudyusedgeneticdatatodeterminethesexof98woollymammothfossilsinSiberia.Researchersfoundthat69%ofthesamplesweremale,aheavilyunbalancedsexratio,assumingthatthesexeswerefairlyevenatbirth.
“Wewereverysurprisedbecausetherewasnoreasontoexpectasexbiasinthefossilrecord,”saidfirstauthorPatriciaPecnerova,alsooftheSwedishMuseumofNaturalHistory.
Therefore,researchersbelievethatsomethingaboutthewaytheylivedinfluencedthewaytheydied.
“Mostbones,tusks,andteethfrommammothsandotherIceAgeanimalshaven'tsurvived,”explainedDalén.
“ItishighlylikelythattheremainsthatarefoundinSiberiathesedayshavebeenpreservedbecausetheyhavebeenburied,andthusprotectedfromweathering.”
Thesegiant,tuskedplanteatersdisappearedabout4,000yearsago.Whilethereisnoscientificagreementonthecausesoftheirdisappearancefromtheplanet,mostbelievethatclimatechange,excessivehuntingbyhumansandthespreadofotheranimalsintomammothfeedinggroundswereinfluentialfactors.
【解题导语】 本篇文章主要介绍了猛犸象化石大多是雄性以及这种生物从地球上最终消失的原因。
【难句分析】 ItishighlylikelythattheremainsthatarefoundinSiberiathesedayshavebeenpreservedbecausetheyhavebeenburied,andthusprotectedfromweathering.
分析:
本句是一个复合句。
第一个that引导主语从句,在从句中不作成分,It作形式主语;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词theremains,that在从句中作主语;because引导原因状语从句。
译文:
现在在西伯利亚地区发现的猛犸象的残骸很有可能是因为其被埋了起来,避免了风化,由此被保留了下来。
8.Theunderlinedword“matriarch”inParagraph3means________.
A.figurehead
B.femaleleader
C.experiencedanimal
D.maturemammoth
答案与解析:
B 考查词义猜测。
根据第四段中的“Withoutthebenefitoflivinginaherdledbyanexperiencedfemale,malemammothshadamuchhigherriskofdyinginnaturaltraps”可推知,matriarch是指有经验的雌性领导。
故选B。
9.Whydothemajorityofmammothfossilscomefrommaleanimals?
A.Scientistsfinditeasiertostudymalefossilisedbones.
B.Thereweremoremalemammothsincomparisontofemales.
C.Malemammothswerebetterabletoadapttothechangingcircumstances.
D.Malemammothsmorefrequentlydiedinplaceswherefossilscouldform.
答案与解析:
D 考查推理判断。
根据第二段的内容可推知,雄性猛犸