毕业设计外文翻译使用8051单片机验证和测试单粒子效应的加固工艺.docx

毕业设计外文翻译使用8051单片机验证和测试单粒子效应的加固工艺.docx

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毕业设计外文翻译使用8051单片机验证和测试单粒子效应的加固工艺

ValidationandTestingofDesignHardeningforSingleEventEffectsUsingthe8051Microcontroller

Abstract

Withthedearthofdedicatedradiationhardenedfoundries,newandnoveltechniquesarebeingdevelopedforhardeningdesignsusingnon-dedicatedfoundryservices.Inthispaper,wewilldiscusstheimplicationsofvalidatingthesemethodsforthesingleeventeffects（SEE）inthespaceenvironment.Topicsincludethetypesofteststhatarerequiredandthedesigncoverage（i.e.,designlibraries:

dotheyneedvalidatingforeachapplication?

）.Finally,an8051microcontrollercorefromNASAInstituteofAdvancedMicroelectronics（IAμE）CMOSUltraLowPowerRadiationTolerant（Culprit）designisevaluatedforSEEmitigativetechniquesagainsttwocommercial8051devices.

IndexTerms

SingleEventEffects,Hardened-By-Design,microcontroller,radiationeffects.

I.INTRODUCTION

NASAconstantlystrivestoprovidethebestcaptureofsciencewhileoperatinginaspaceradiationenvironmentusingaminimumofresources[1,2].Witharelativelylimitedselectionofradiation-hardenedmicroelectronicdevicesthatareoftentwoormoregenerationsofperformancebehindcommercialstate-of-the-arttechnologies,NASA’sperformanceofthistaskisquitechallenging.Onemethodofalleviatingthisisbytheuseofcommercialfoundryalternativeswithnoorminimallyinvasivedesigntechniquesforhardening.Thisisoftencalledhardened-by-design（HBD）.Buildingcustom-typeHBDdevicesusingdesignlibrariesandautomateddesigntoolsmayprovideNASAthesolutionitneedstomeetstringentscienceperformancespecificationsinatimely,cost-effective,andreliablemanner.

However,onequestionstillexists:

traditionalradiation-hardeneddeviceshavelotand/orwaferradiationqualificationtestsperformed;whattypesoftestsarerequiredforHBDvalidation?

II.TESTINGHBDDEVICESCONSIDERATIONS

TestmethodologiesintheUnitedStatesexisttoqualifyindividualdevicesthroughstandardsandorganizationssuchasASTM,JEDEC,andMIL-STD-883.Typically,TID（Co-60）andSEE（heavyionand/orproton）arerequiredfordevicevalidation.SowhatisuniquetoHBDdevices?

Asopposedtoa“regular”commercial-off-the-shelf（COTS）deviceorapplicationspecificintegratedcircuit（ASIC）wherenohardeninghasbeenperformed,oneneedstodeterminehowvalidatedisthedesignlibraryasopposedtodeterminingthedevicehardness.Thatis,byusingtestchips,canwe“qualify”afuturedeviceusingthesamelibrary?

ConsiderifVendorAhasdesignedanewHBDlibraryportabletofoundriesBandC.Atestchipisdesigned,tested,anddeemedacceptable.NinemonthslateraNASAflightprojectentersthemixbydesigninganewdeviceusingVendorA’slibrary.Doesthisdevicerequirecompleteradiationqualificationtesting?

Toanswerthis,otherquestionsmustbeasked.

Howcompletewasthetestchip?

Wastheresufficientstatisticalcoverageofalllibraryelementstovalidateeachcell?

IfthenewNASAdesignusesapartiallyorinsufficientlycharacterizedportionofthedesignlibrary,fulltestingmightberequired.Ofcourse,ifpartoftheHBDwasrelyingoninherentradiationhardnessofaprocess,someofthetests（likeSELintheearlierexample）maybewaived.

Otherconsiderationsincludespeedofoperationandoperatingvoltage.Forexample,ifthetestchipwastestedstaticallyforSEEatapowersupplyvoltageof3.3V,isthedataapplicabletoa100MHzoperatingfrequencyat2.5V?

Dynamicconsiderations（i.e.,nonstaticoperation）includethepropagatedeffectsofSingleEventTransients（SETs）.Thesecanbeagreaterconcernathigherfrequencies.

Thepointoftheconsiderationsisthatthedesignlibrarymustbeknown,thecoverageusedduringtestingisknown,thetestapplicationmustbethoroughlyunderstoodandthecharacteristicsofthefoundrymustbeknown.Ifalltheseareapplicableorhavebeenvalidatedbythetestchip,thennotestingmaybenecessary.AtaskwithinNASA’sElectronicPartsandPackaging（NEPP）Programwasperformedtoexplorethesetypesofconsiderations.

III.HBDTECHNOLOGYEVALUATIONUSINGTHE8051MICROCONTROLLER

Withtheirincreasingcapabilitiesandlowerpowerconsumption,microcontrollersareincreasinglybeingusedinNASAandDODsystemdesigns.ThereareexistingNASAandDODprogramsthataredoingtechnologydevelopmenttoprovideHBD.Microcontrollersareonesuchvehiclethatisbeinginvestigatedtoquantifytheradiationhardnessimprovement.Examplesoftheseprogramsarethe8051microcontrollerbeingdevelopedbyMissionResearchCorporation（MRC）andtheIAμE（thefocusofthisstudy）.AstheseHBDtechnologiesbecomeavailable,validationofthetechnology,inthenaturalspaceradiationenvironment,forNASA’suseinspaceflightsystemsisrequired.

The8051microcontrollerisanin