毕业设计外文翻译使用8051单片机验证和测试单粒子效应的加固工艺.docx

1、毕业设计外文翻译使用8051单片机验证和测试单粒子效应的加固工艺Validation and Testing of Design Hardening for Single Event Effects Using the 8051 MicrocontrollerAbstractWith the dearth of dedicated radiation hardened foundries, new and novel techniques are being developed for hardening designs using non-dedicated foundry services

2、. In this paper, we will discuss the implications of validating these methods for the single event effects （SEE） in the space environment. Topics include the types of tests that are required and the design coverage （i.e., design libraries: do they need validating for each application?）. Finally, an

3、8051 microcontroller core from NASA Institute of Advanced Microelectronics （IAE） CMOS Ultra Low Power Radiation Tolerant （Culprit） design is evaluated for SEE mitigative techniques against two commercial 8051 devices. Index Terms Single Event Effects, Hardened-By-Design, microcontroller, radiation e

4、ffects.I. INTRODUCTION NASA constantly strives to provide the best capture of science while operating in a space radiation environment using a minimum of resources 1,2. With a relatively limited selection of radiation-hardened microelectronic devices that are often two or more generations of perform

5、ance behind commercial state-of-the-art technologies, NASAs performance of this task is quite challenging. One method of alleviating this is by the use of commercial foundry alternatives with no or minimally invasive design techniques for hardening. This is often called hardened-by-design （HBD）.Buil

6、ding custom-type HBD devices using design libraries and automated design tools may provide NASA the solution it needs to meet stringent science performance specifications in a timely, cost-effective, and reliable manner. However, one question still exists: traditional radiation-hardened devices have

7、 lot and/or wafer radiation qualification tests performed; what types of tests are required for HBD validation?II. TESTING HBD DEVICES CONSIDERATIONS Test methodologies in the United States exist to qualify individual devices through standards and organizations such as ASTM, JEDEC, and MIL-STD- 883.

8、 Typically, TID （Co-60） and SEE （heavy ion and/or proton） are required for device validation. So what is unique to HBD devices? As opposed to a “regular” commercial-off-the-shelf （COTS） device or application specific integrated circuit （ASIC） where no hardening has been performed, one needs to deter

9、mine how validated is the design library as opposed to determining the device hardness. That is, by using test chips, can we “qualify” a future device using the same library? Consider if Vendor A has designed a new HBD library portable to foundries B and C. A test chip is designed, tested, and deeme

10、d acceptable. Nine months later a NASA flight project enters the mix by designing a new device using Vendor As library. Does this device require complete radiation qualification testing? To answer this, other questions must be asked. How complete was the test chip? Was there sufficient statistical c

11、overage of all library elements to validate each cell? If the new NASA design uses a partially or insufficiently characterized portion of the design library, full testing might be required. Of course, if part of the HBD was relying on inherent radiation hardness of a process, some of the tests （like

12、 SEL in the earlier example） may be waived. Other considerations include speed of operation and operating voltage. For example, if the test chip was tested statically for SEE at a power supply voltage of 3.3V, is the data applicable to a 100 MHz operating frequency at 2.5V? Dynamic considerations （i

13、.e., nonstatic operation） include the propagated effects of Single Event Transients （SETs）. These can be a greater concern at higher frequencies. The point of the considerations is that the design library must be known, the coverage used during testing is known, the test application must be thorough

14、ly understood and the characteristics of the foundry must be known. If all these are applicable or have been validated by the test chip, then no testing may be necessary. A task within NASAs Electronic Parts and Packaging （NEPP） Program was performed to explore these types of considerations.III. HBD

15、 TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION USING THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER With their increasing capabilities and lower power consumption, microcontrollers are increasingly being used in NASA and DOD system designs. There are existing NASA and DOD programs that are doing technology development to provide HBD. Microcontr

16、ollers are one such vehicle that is being investigated to quantify the radiation hardness improvement. Examples of these programs are the 8051 microcontroller being developed by Mission Research Corporation （MRC） and the IAE （the focus of this study）. As these HBD technologies become available, validation of the technology, in the natural space radiation environment, for NASAs use in spaceflight systems is required. The 8051 microcontroller is an in