河南专升本公共英语讲义改错题讲解.docx
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河南专升本公共英语讲义改错题讲解
2015年公共英语讲义-改错题讲解
改错题常见考点
1.词汇考点
(1)词语搭配(介词、连词的选择)错误
TheelementcarboniswidelyAfoundBinnatureCinmanyformsincludingbothdiamondsaswellasDcoal.
解析:
Daswellas改为and。
both…and…为固定结构。
(2)错误地省略介词
ThelawIamreferringArequiresthateveryoneBwhoownsCacarhaveDaccidentinsurance.
解析:
A改为referringto:
参考;涉及。
注意本句中require后宾语从句中使用了虚拟语气,have前省略了should。
(3)其他高频词汇考点
one’sabilitytodosth.,lookforwardtodoingsth.,berobbedofsth.,morethanampletodosth.(足以……),befarremovedfrom…(与……毫不相干),withauthorityoversth.(有权力……),to…extent/degree,winagreatvictoryoversb.,in…respect(在……方面),atone’sexpense(由……承担),keepdiscipline(遵守纪律),onthedecline/increase(在下降/增加)
2.语法考点
(1)非谓语动词
①动词不定式
WhenIconsiderhowtalentedheisAasapainterB,IcannothelpbutbelievingCthatthepublicDwillappreciatehisgift.
解析:
C删去but,can’thelpdoingsth.:
情不自禁……或将believing改为believe,can’thelpbutdosth.:
不得不……。
②动名词
SomebossesdisliketoallowApeopletoshareBtheirresponsibilities;theykeepallCimportantmatterstightlyDintheirownhands.
解析:
Atoallow改为allowing。
dislike后接动名词。
③现在分词、过去分词混淆
HecannottellthedifferencebetweentrueApraiseandflatteringBstatementsmakingConlytogainDhisfavor.
解析:
Cmaking改为made。
statements与make为被动关系。
(2)比较级、最高级错误点设置
①比较级、最高级形式误用
AgreatmanyAeducatorsfirmlyBbelievethatEnglishisoneofthepoorestCtaughtsubjectsinhighschoolstodayD.
解析:
C改为mostpoorly。
taught为动词,要由副词poorly修饰,poorly最高级为mostpoorly。
②比较范围重复出现
OfallhisoutdoorAactivities,PaullikesfishingbestofallB,buthedoesn’tenjoycleaningCfishingrodsafterwardsD.
解析:
B改为(the)best或(the)most。
本句中开头已有Ofall…,表示整体范围,后用最高级,故删除后面的ofall。
此外,副词最高级前the可以省略。
③句中出现than,却没有相应形容词或副词的比较级形式
OnthewholeA,ambitiousstudentsaremuchlikelyBtosucceedintheirstudiesthanarethoseCwithDlittleambition.
解析:
Baremuchlikely改为aremorelikely。
此外,注意本句中被比较的成分使用了倒装句结构。
④比较对象不一致
AsfarasAIamconcerned,hispoliticsareBratherconservativecomparedCwithotherpoliticiansD.
解析:
Dpoliticians改为politicians’。
比较对象为“他的政见”与“其他政客的政见”。
此外,注意:
politics单复数同形,表示“政治学”时,谓语动词用单数;表示“政见”时,谓语动词用复数。
⑤比较级错用
BecausetherearelessAmemberspresenttonightthanBtherewereClastnight,wemustwaituntilthenextvotingD.
解析:
A改为fewer,修饰可数名词复数members。
less修饰不可数名词。
(3)(并列、转折结构)平衡一致原则
常考:
…and/but…,not…but…,…not…,as…as…,notso/as…as…,…than…:
前后比较成分在形式、词性上均对等一致。
WhileinAEurope,thetouristsenjoyedtoBtheirheart’sCcontenttheweather,thefoodandgoingtothetheatreD.
解析:
D改为thetheatre。
关键词and表示并列。
此处theweather,thefood,thetheatre均充当enjoy的宾语。
(4)三大从句
注意:
三大从句中,错误点往往设置在引导词(连接词)的选择上。
①名词性从句
1)主语从句
TobeAfrank,thatBisagreatrelieftohavethetaskfulfilledCinsoshortatimeD.
解析:
B改为it。
本句看似是一个主语从句,其实it为形式主语,后面的不定式为真正的主语。
2)宾语从句
IthoughtthetechnicianwastoblameAfortheblowingBofthefuse,butIseenowhowCIwasDmistaken.
解析:
Chow改为that。
that为宾语从句引导词。
②定语从句
1)关系代词、关系副词的误用
ThenewhotelhaserectedAabeautifulbuildingwithBrecreationareasandconferencefacilitiesonthetopfloorinwhichCthefinestviewofthecitycanbeobtainedD.
解析:
C改为where或fromwhich或onwhich。
thefinestviewofthecitycanbeobtained为完整的句子,故应用关系副词或介词+关系代词连接,先行词floor指地点。
2)成分多余
TheypointedoutAthedamagewhichBtheysupposedthatChadbeendonebylastnight’sDstorm.
解析:
C去掉that。
本句中关系代词which为定语从句的主语,theysupposed为插入语,hadbeendone为谓语,故that多余。
3)缺少关系代词
AccountsofAscientificexperimentsaregenerallycorrectforBthosewriteaboutCsciencearecarefulincheckingDtheaccuracyoftheirreports.
解析:
C改为whowriteabout或writingabout。
those后接who引导定语从句。
此外,句中for引导原因状语从句。
③状语从句
注意:
常考unless。
IfonlyAthenatureoftheagingprocessisBbetterunderstood,thepossibilityofdiscoveringCamedicinethatcanblockthefundamentalprocessofagingseemsDveryremote.
解析:
A改为unless,表示“除非”。
(5)虚拟语气
①if条件句中连词被错误地省略
IshouldAnothaverecognizedtheBmanevenCyouhadtoldDmehisname.
解析:
C改为evenif或eventhough。
本句主句、从句均对过去虚拟。
②宾语从句中未能正确使用虚拟语气
I’dratheryouwouldgoAbytrain,becauseIcan’tbearBtheideaofyourbeingCinanairplaneinsuchDbadweather.
解析:
Awouldgo改为went。
wouldrather后宾语从句对现在、将来虚拟均用一般过去时。
(6)被动语态
①该使用被动,却误用主动
TounderstandthesituationcompletelyArequiresBmorethoughtthanhasgivenCthusfarD.
解析:
C改为hasbeengiven。
thought与give之间为被动关系。
此外,应注意本句主语为动词不定式。
②该使用主动,却误用被动
Ifitdoesn’tArainwithinBthenextfewweeks,thecropsCwillhavetobewaterediftheyaretobesurvivedD.
解析:
Dtobesurvived改为tosurvive。
survive无被动语态。
常考last,appear,arise,breakout,occur等,不及物动词无被动。
(7)时态
HealsoconceivedAthatthesolarsystemandtheuniversewouldcomeBintoexistencebyCanaturalprocessandwoulddisappearDoneday.
解析:
Bwouldcome改为hadcome。
太阳系与宇宙已经形成,再加上conceived为一般过去时,故其后从句用过去完成时。
(8)动词的误用
ForhimtobereelectedA,whatisessentialisnotthathispolicyworksB,butthatCthepublicbelievethatitisD.
解析:
Dis改为does。
does代指前面动词works。
注意句中平衡一致结构notthat…,butthat…。
(9)主谓不一致
AlthoughagreatnumberofhousesinthatareaarestillAinneedofrepairB,therehavebeenCimprovementinthefacilitiesD.
解析:
C改为hasbeen。
本题中improvement为抽象的名词,属于不可数名词,故谓语动词应该用单数。
注意:
本句中repair为名词。
(10)倒装结构误用
MuchalthoughAIhavetraveled,IhaveneverseenanyonetoequalBherinthoroughness,whateverCthejobD.
解析:
AMuchalthough改为Muchas。
口诀:
引导让步状语从句,although不可倒,as必须倒,though可倒可不倒。
(11)独立主格结构
Beethoven,thegreatmusician,wroteAninesymphoniesinhislife,mostofthemwerewrittenBafterhehadlostChishearingD.
解析:
Dwerewritten改为written。
本句中独立主格结构的主语mostofthem与write为被动关系,故使用过去分词written。
(12)词性误用
①未能正确使用副词
It’sessentialthatpeoplebeApsychologicalBabletoresisttheimpactbroughtaboutCbythetransitionfromplannedDeconomytomarketeconomy.
解析:
B改为psychologically。
able为形容词,应该由副词修饰,psychological为形容词。
注意:
句中essential为虚拟语气标志词;plannedeconomy表示“计划经济”。
②未能正确使用形容词
AllthoseleftundoneAmaysoundgreatlyBintheory,buteventhetruestbelieverChasgreatdifficultywhenDitcomestospecifics.
解析:
B改为great。
sound为系动词,后接形容词作表语。
(13)可数名词、不可数名词的误用
ThedatareceivedAfromthetwospacecraftsBwhirlingaroundMarsindicateCthatthereismuchevidencethathugethunderstormsareoccurringDabouttheequatoroftheplanet.
解析:
B改为twospacecraft。
spacecraft“宇宙飞船”单复数同形。
类似用法:
cattle,police,poultry,deer。
(14)代词误用(指代错误)
AlthoughAlicehasbeenAtothemountainsmanytimesBbefore,shestillClovesvisitingitD.
解析:
Dvisitingit改为visitingthem。
them代替前面的复数名词themountains。
(15)缺少句子成分
DespitethefactthatAtheSouthPoleisassnowcoveredBandstormyweatheredCastheNorthPole,iscolderDthantheNorthPole.
解析:
B改为itiscolder。
本句缺少主语it,指代theSouthPole。
(16)句子结构错误
高频考点:
使用Because…so…和Although…but…两个错误结构。
改正的方法为:
选择because和so中的任意一个,或although和but中的任意一个。
AlthoughProfessorGreen’slecturesusuallyranoverAthefiftyminuteBperiod,butnoneCofhisstudentsevenDobjectedastheyfoundhislecturesbothinformativeandinteresting.
解析:
Cbutnone改为none。
(17)冠词误用
“IconsidereditAahonorBtobeinvitedtoaddressCthemeetingofworldfamousDscientists,”saidProfessorLeacock.
解析:
Aahonor改为anhonor。
元音前(且可数名词单数)用冠词an。
二、练习题:
辨认错误并改正试题
1.IcannothardlyAbelieveitwhenBIsawitwithCmyowneyesD.
2.TheeruptionsAofMt.St.HelenswereenoughsevereBtocausenumerousCdeathsD.
3.EverythingcoulddestroyAifhehadnotcalledBthefiremenCwhenthefirebrokeoutD.
4.OfallAtheNativeAmericansBinCtheUnitedStates,theNavajosformlargestDgroup.
5.HavingreturnedAfromBerlinB,herecievesnotelephonecallC,neitherD.
6.Intheearly1960’sAtheCivilRightsmovementmadeBgreateffortsforregisteringCmembersofminoritiestovoteD.
7.InthenineteenthcenturyAtheMohaveIndianslivedBintheNorthernHemispheregrewCtheircropsonriverbottomlandsD.
8.ApproximatelyfiftypercentofthepackageAutilizedBintheUnitedStatesareforfoodsCandbeveragesD.
9.Annecouldn’tconcentrateinAwhatshewasdoingBwhileCherfamilywereDwatchingTV.
10.WewerestruckAbytheextenttoBwhichteachers’decisionsservedtheinterestsoftheschoolratherthanCthatDofthestudents.
11.ThegreenestAandplentifulestBleavesareCtheleavesofgrassesD.
12.BalloonobservationsAformilitaryBintelligenceweremadeCwhileDtheAmericanCivilWar.
13.Forcenturies,musicAhaveplayedacousticalguitars,whichproduceBsoundCfromthevibrationDofthestrings.
14.TheydemandedAthattherighttovoteBisgivenCtoeveryadultpersonD.
15.ThefarAawaywegetfromtheearthB,thethinnerCtheairbecomesD.
16.AsresearchtechniquesAbecomemoreadvancedB,theCnumberofanimalsusingDinexperimentsmaydecrease.
17.In1991,afterthegulfwar,Bush’sapprovalratingAreached91percent,thehighestBlevelrecordedCsincepollingwerebegunDinthe1930s.
18.ItisawellknownfactthatAapersonwillmoveBinacirclewhenhecannotusehiseyescontrolChisDdirection.
19.ThenationsthathaveAactivelyinvolvedBinearthquakepredictionCprogramsincludeDJapan,China,Russia,andtheUnitedStates.
20.SupposedAhedoesnotcomeB,shallCwegowithoutDhim?
21.AmancannotbereallyhappyifwhatAheenjoystodoBisignoredbysocietyCasofDnovalueorimportance.
22.ItisreportedthatthereareatleastthreesignsthatAindicateBthepersonissufferedCfromapanicattackratherthanDaheartattack.
23.IfheacceptsthejobA,hewouldgetBmoreCmoneyrightawayD.
24.HowsurprisingAthepeoplewhothoughttomatoespoisonouswouldbeiftheycouldknowBthatmillionsofpoundsoftomatoeswereCsuppliedtosoldiersoverseasduringDWorldWarII.
25.OntheaverageA,malesscorehighBthanfemalesonCteststhatmeasuremathematicalreasoning,mechanicalability,andproblemsolvingskillsD.
26.ExperimentshavetomakeAunderBcarefullyCcontrolledDcondi