语言学单元自测8之欧阳化创编.docx

语言学单元自测8之欧阳化创编.docx

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语言学单元自测8之欧阳化创编

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.

时间：

2021.02.06

创作：

欧阳化

　　⒈Sociolinguisticsisthesub-disciplineoflinguisticsthatstudiessocialcontexts.

　　⒉Languageasameansofsocialcommunicationisahomogeneoussystemwithahomogeneousgroupofspeakers.

　　⒊Languageusevariesfromonespeechcommunitytoanother，fromoneregionalgrouptoanother，fromonesocialgrouptoanother，andevenfromoneindividualtoanother.

　　⒋Thegoalofsociolinguisticsistoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.

5.Thelinguisticmarkersthatcharacterizeindividualsocialgroupsmayserveassocialmarkersofgroupmembership.

6.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective，theterm“speechvariety”cannotbeusedtorefertostandardlanguage，vernacularlanguage，dialectorpidgin.

7Functionalspeechvarietiesareknownasregionaldialects.

8.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary.

9.Geographicalbarriersaretheonlysourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.

10.Aperson’ssocialbackgroundsdonotexertashapinginfluenceonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures.

11.Twospeakersofthesamelanguageordialectusetheirlanguageordialectinthesameway.

12.Everyspeakerofalanguageis，inastrictersense，aspeakerofadistinctidiolect.

13.Thestandardlanguageisabetterlanguagethannonstandardlanguages.

14.Alinguafrancacanonlybeusedwithinaparticularcountryforcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplewithdifferentlinguisticbackgrounds.

15.Pidginsarelinguisticallyinferiortostandardlanguages.

16.Apidginusuallyreflectstheinfluenceofthehigher，ordominant，languageinitslexiconandthatofthelowerlanguageintheirphonologyandoccasionallysyntax.

17.Themajordifferencebetweenapidginandacreoleisthattheformerusuallyhasitsnativespeakerswhilethelatterdoesn’t.

18.Bilingualismanddiglossiameanthesamething.

19.Thekindofnameortermspeakersusetocallorrefertosomeonemayindicatesomethingoftheirsocialrelationshiptoorpersonalfeelingsaboutthatindividual.

20.Theuseofeuphemismshastheeffectofremovingderogatoryovertonesandthedisassociativeeffectassuchisusuallylong-lasting.

II.Fillineachoftheblanksbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.

21.Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechc________.

22.Speechv_________referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.

23.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective，aspeechvarietyisnomorethanad__________varietyofalanguage.

24.Languagestandardizationisalsocalledlanguagep_______.

25.Socialvariationgivesrisetos_________whicharesub-divisibleintosmallerspeechcategoriesthatreflecttheirsocioeconomic，educational，occupationalbackground，etc.

26.S_______variationinaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.

27.Aregionaldialectmaygainstatusandbecomestandardizedasthenationaloro________languageofacountry.

28.Thestandardlanguageisas_________，sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.

29.Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandard，orv_______languages.

30.Apidgintypicallylacksini_______morphemes.

31.Linguistictabooreflectss_________taboo.

32.Theavoidanceofusingtaboolanguagemirrorssocialattitudes，emotionsandvaluejudgmentsandhasnol_________basis.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

33._______isconcernedwiththesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunities.

A.Psycholinguistics

B.Sociolinguistics

C.Historicallinguistics

D.Generallinguistics

34.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisits_____.

A.useofwords

B.useofstructures

C.accent

D.morphemes

35.____isspeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawhereaspeakercomesfrom.

A.Regionalvariation

B.Languagevariation

C.Socialvariation

D.Registervariation

36._______arethemajorsourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.

A.Geographicalbarriers

B.Loyaltytoandconfidenceinone’snativespeech

C.Physicaldiscomfortandpsychologicalresistancetochange

D.Socialbarriers

37._________meansthatcertainauthorities，suchasthegovernmentchoose，aparticularspeechvariety，standardizeitandspreadtheuseofitacrossregionalboundaries.

A.Languageinterference

B.Languagechanges

C.Languageplanning

D.Languagetransfer

38._________inaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.

A.Regionalvariation

B.Changesinemotions

C.Variationinconnotations

D.Stylisticvariation

39.A____isavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefordiverselinguisticbackgrounds.

A.linguafranca

B.register

C.Creole

D.nationallanguage

40.Although_______aresimplifiedlanguageswithreducedgrammaticalfeatures，theyarerule-governed，likeanyhumanlanguage.

A.vernacularlanguages

B.creoles

C.pidgins

D.sociolects

41.Innormalsituations，____speakerstendtousemoreprestigiousformsthantheir____counterpartswiththesamesocialbackground.

A.female；male

B.male；female

C.old；young

D.young；old

42.Alinguistic____referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe"polite"societyfromgeneraluse.

A.slang

B.euphemism

C.jargon

D.taboo

IV.Definethefollowingterms.

43.sociolinguistics

44.speechcommunity

45.speechvariety

46.languageplanning

47.idiolect

48.standardlanguage

49.nonstandardlanguage

50.linguafranca

51.pidgin

52.Creole

53.diglossia

54.Bilingualism

55.ethnicdialect

56.Sociolect

57.register

58.slang

59.taboo

60.euphemism

V.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesforillustrationifnecessary.

61.Discusswithexamplesthatthespeechofwomenmaydifferfromthespeechofmen.

62.DiscusswithexamplessomeofthelinguisticdifferencesbetweenStandardEnglishandBlackEnglish.

63.Whatisalinguistictaboo？

Whateffectdoesithaveonouruseoflanguage？

SuggestedAnswers

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.

1.F

2.F

3.T

4.T

5.T

6.F

7.F

8.F

9.F

10.F

11.F

12.T

13.F

14.F

15.F

16.T

17.F

18.F

19.T

20.F

II.Fillineachoftheblanksbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.

21.community

22.variety

23.dialectal

24.planning

25.sociolects

26.Stylistic

27.official

28.superposed

29.vernacular

30.inflectional

31.social

32.linguistic

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

33.-37.BCAAC

38.-42.DACAD

IV.Definethefollowingterms.

43.Sociolinguistics：

Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinsocialcontexts.

44.Speechcommunity：

Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechcommunityoraspeechcommunityisagroupofpeoplewhoformacommunityandsharethesamelanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguage.Theimportantcharacteristicofaspeechcommunityisthatthemembersofthegroupmust，insomereasonableway，interactlinguisticallywithothermembersofthecommunity.Theymaysharecloselyrelatedlanguagevarieties，aswellasattitudestowardlinguisticnorms.

45.Speechvariety：

Speechvariety，alsoknownaslanguagevariety，referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.Thedistinctivecharacteristicsofaspeechvarietymaybelexical，phonological，morphological，syntactic，oracombinationoflinguisticfeatures.

46.Languageplanning：

Languagestandardizationisknownaslanguageplanning.Thismeansthatcertainauthorities，suchasthegovernmentorgovernmentagencyofacountry，chooseaparticularspeechvarietyandspreadtheuseofit，includingitspronunciationandspellingsystems，acrossregionalboundaries.

47.Idiolect：

Anidiolectisapersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombinesaspectsofalltheelementsregardingregional，social，andstylisticvariation，inoneformoranother.Inanarrowersense，whatmakesupone’sidiolectincludesalsosuchfactorsasvoicequality，pitchandspeechrhythm，whichallcontributetotheidentifyingfeaturesinanindividual'sspeech.

48.Standardlanguage：

Thestandardlanguageisasuperposed，sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.Itisthelanguageemployedbythegovernmentandthejudiciarysystem，usedbythemassmedia，andtaughtineducationalinstitutions，includingschoolsettingswherethelanguageistaughtasaforeignorsecondlanguage.

49.Nonstandardlanguage：

Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandardlanguages.

50.Linguafranca：

Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefordiverselinguisticbackgrounds.

51.Pidgin：

Apidginisavarietyoflanguagethatisgenerallyusedbynativespeakersofotherlanguagesasamediumofcommunication.

52.Creole：

ACreolelanguageisoriginallyapidginthathasbecomeestablishedasanativelanguageinsomespeechcommunity.

53.Diglossia：

Diglossiausuallydescribesasituationinwhichtwoverydifferentvarietiesoflanguageco-existinaspeechcommunity，eachwithadistinctrangeofpurelysocialfunctionandappropriateforcertainsit