语言学单元自测8之欧阳化创编.docx

1、语言学单元自测8之欧阳化创编I.Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.时间：2021.02.06创作：欧阳化Sociolinguistics is the sub-discipline of linguistics that studies social contexts.Language as a means of social communication is a homogeneous system with a homogeneous group of speakers.Language use

2、 varies from one speech community to another， from one regional group to another， from one social group to another， and even from one individual to another.The goal of sociolinguistics is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a variety of speech communities and in differ

3、ent social situations.5.The linguistic markers that characterize individual social groups may serve as social markers of group membership.6.From the sociolinguistic perspective， the term “speech variety”can not be used to refer to standard language， vernacular language， dialect or pidgin.7Functional

4、 speech varieties are known as regional dialects.8.The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its grammar and uses of vocabulary.9.Geographical barriers are the only source of regional variation of language.10.A persons social backgrounds do not exert a shaping influence on

5、 his choice of linguistic features.11.Two speakers of the same language or dialect use their language or dialect in the same way.12.Every speaker of a language is， in a stricter sense， a speaker of a distinct idiolect.13.The standard language is a better language than nonstandard languages.14.A ling

6、ua franca can only be used within a particular country for communication among groups of people with different linguistic backgrounds.15.Pidgins are linguistically inferior to standard languages.16.A pidgin usually reflects the influence of the higher， or dominant， language in its lexicon and that o

7、f the lower language in their phonology and occasionally syntax.17.The major difference between a pidgin and a creole is that the former usually has its native speakers while the latter doesnt.18.Bilingualism and diglossia mean the same thing.19.The kind of name or term speakers use to call or refer

8、 to someone may indicate something of their social relationship to or personal feelings about that individual.20.The use of euphemisms has the effect of removing derogatory overtones and the disassociative effect as such is usually long-lasting.II. Fill in each of the blanks below with one word whic

9、h begins with the letter given.21.The social group isolated for any given study is called the speech c_.22.Speech v_ refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or group of speakers.23.From the sociolinguistic perspective， a speech variety is no more than a d_ variety of a languag

10、e.24.Language standardization is also called language p_.25.Social variation gives rise to s_ which are sub-divisible into smaller speech categories that reflect their socioeconomic， educational， occupational background， etc.26.S_ variation in a persons speech or writing usually ranges on a continuu

11、m from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation.27.A regional dialect may gain status and become standardized as the national or o_ language of a country.28.The standard language is a s_， socially prestigious dialect of language.29.Language varieties

12、other than the standard are called nonstandard， or v_ languages.30.A pidgin typically lacks in i_ morphemes.31.Linguistic taboo reflects s_ taboo.32.The avoidance of using taboo language mirrors social attitudes， emotions and value judgments and has no l_ basis.III. There are four choices following

13、each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.33. _ is concerned with the social significance of language variation and language use in different speech communities.A. PsycholinguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. Historical linguisticsD. General linguistics34. The most distinguishab

14、le linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its _.A. use of wordsB. use of structuresC. accentD. morphemes35. _ is speech variation according to the particular area where a speaker comes from.A. Regional variationB. Language variationC. Social variationD. Register variation36. _ are the major sou

15、rce of regional variation of language.A. Geographical barriersB. Loyalty to and confidence in ones native speechC. Physical discomfort and psychological resistance to changeD. Social barriers37. _ means that certain authorities， such as the government choose， a particular speech variety， standardize

16、 it and spread the use of it across regional boundaries.A. Language interferenceB. Language changesC. Language planningD. Language transfer38. _ in a persons speech or writing usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation

17、.A. Regional variationB. Changes in emotionsC. Variation in connotationsD. Stylistic variation39. A _ is a variety of language that serves as a medium of communication among groups of people for diverse linguistic backgrounds.A. lingua francaB. registerC. CreoleD. national language40. Although _ are

18、 simplified languages with reduced grammatical features， they are rule-governed， like any human language.A. vernacular languagesB. creolesC. pidginsD. sociolects41. In normal situations， _ speakers tend to use more prestigious forms than their _ counterparts with the same social background.A. female

19、； maleB. male； femaleC. old； youngD. young； old42. A linguistic _ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the polite society from general use.A. slangB. euphemismC. jargonD. tabooIV. Define the following terms.43. sociolinguistics44. speech community45. speech variety46. language planni

20、ng47. idiolect48. standard language49. nonstandard language50. lingua franca51. pidgin52. Creole53. diglossia54. Bilingualism55. ethnic dialect56. Sociolect57. register58. slang59. taboo60. euphemismV. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examples for illustration if n

21、ecessary.61. Discuss with examples that the speech of women may differ from the speech of men.62. Discuss with examples some of the linguistic differences between Standard English and Black English.63. What is a linguistic taboo？ What effect does it have on our use of language？Suggested AnswersI. De

22、cide whether each of the following statements is True or False.1. F2. F3. T4. T5. T6. F7. F8. F9. F10. F11. F12. T13. F14. F15. F16. T17. F18. F19. T20. FII. Fill in each of the blanks below with one word which begins with the letter given.21. community22. variety23. dialectal24. planning25. sociole

23、cts26. Stylistic27. official28. superposed29. vernacular30. inflectional31. social32. linguisticIII. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.33.-37. BCAAC38.-42. DACADIV. Define the following terms.43.Sociolinguistics： Sociolinguistics is

24、 the study of language in social contexts.44.Speech community： The social group isolated for any given study is called the speech community or a speech community is a group of people who form a community and share the same language or a particular variety of language. The important characteristic of

25、 a speech community is that the members of the group must， in some reasonable way， interact linguistically with other members of the community. They may share closely related language varieties， as well as attitudes toward linguistic norms.45.Speech variety： Speech variety， also known as language va

26、riety， refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or group of speakers. The distinctive characteristics of a speech variety may be lexical， phonological， morphological， syntactic， or a combination of linguistic features.46.Language planning： Language standardization is known as l

27、anguage planning. This means that certain authorities， such as the government or government agency of a country， choose a particular speech variety and spread the use of it， including its pronunciation and spelling systems， across regional boundaries.47.Idiolect： An idiolect is a personal dialect of

28、 an individual speaker that combines aspects of all the elements regarding regional， social， and stylistic variation， in one form or another. In a narrower sense， what makes up ones idiolect includes also such factors as voice quality， pitch and speech rhythm， which all contribute to the identifying

29、 features in an individuals speech.48.Standard language： The standard language is a superposed， socially prestigious dialect of language. It is the language employed by the government and the judiciary system， used by the mass media， and taught in educational institutions， including school settings

30、where the language is taught as a foreign or second language.49.Nonstandard language： Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard languages.50. Lingua franca： A lingua franca is a variety of language that serves as a medium of communication among groups of people for diverse li

31、nguistic backgrounds.51.Pidgin： A pidgin is a variety of language that is generally used by native speakers of other languages as a medium of communication.52.Creole： A Creole language is originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech community.53.Diglossia：Diglossia usually describes a situation in which two very different varieties of language co-exist in a speech community， each with a distinct range of purely social function and appropriate for certain sit