形容词和数词的讲解和练习.docx
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形容词和数词的讲解和练习
知识要点
1)英语中大多数形容词、副词是可以分等级的,一般有三个等级:
原级,比较级和最高级。
形容词、副词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。
如:
Johnisatallboy.两者间进行比较用到形容词比较级。
如:
JimistallerthanJohn.三者或者三者以上进行比较用形容词的最高级。
Mikeisthetallestofthethreeboys.(形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the)
2).形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化
规则变化
①单音节或双音节的形容词(或副词)比较级+er最高级+estsmall-smaller-smallest等
②以e结尾的词,比较级+r,最高级+st即可nice-nicer-nicest
③以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i+er或esteasy-easier-easiest
④双写最后一个辅音字母+er或esthot-hotter-hottest
⑥ 一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most,如:
difficult---moredifficult---mostdifficult
不规则变化:
good/well-better-best,bad-worse-worstmany/much-more-most little-less-least
far-further-furthest(表示程度) far-farther-farthest(表示远近)old-older-oldest(表新旧)old-elder-eldest(表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼)
3).比较级前的修饰词:
alittle,alot,much,even;far;still
4)形容词、副词比较级的特殊用法
①形容词/副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)"表示"比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……",含义是"最……"。
例如,Mikegetstoschoolearlierthananyotherstudentinhisclass.
=Mikegetstoschoolearlierthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Mikegetstoschoolearlierthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Mikegetstoschoolearliestinhisclass.注意:
MikegetstoschoolearlierthananystudentinTom'sclass.
②"the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……"表示"...是两者中较…的"。
如,Lookatthetwoboys.Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo.
③"比较级+and+比较级"表示"越来越……"。
Heisgettingtallerandtaller.
④"the+比较级,the+比较级"表示"越…,越…,"。
Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou'llmake
5).最高级常用句型结构
①"主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语"表示"……是……中最……的"。
如,Tomisthetallestinhisclass./ofallthestudents.
②"主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语"表示"…是……中最……之一"。
如,BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.
③序数词+最高级
HainanIslandisthesecondlargestislandinChina.
练习:
I.写出所给词的反义词。
1.young________ 6.better___________
2.white________ 7.longer__________
3.big__________ 8.thinner_________
4.left_________ 9.far_____________
5.fast_________ 10.light__________
II.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1.Mariais________(thin).Lucyis__________(thin)thanMary.
2.Mikeis____________________(heavy)boyinhisclass.
3.Tomisas_________(tall)asJim.
4.Iammuch_________(well)thanyesterday.
5.Thisskirtis___________________(expensive)ofthethree.
6.Theweathertodayis___________(hot)thanitwasyesterday.
7).Lucywrites__________________(careful)thanherbrother.
8)Todayis___________(busy)daythisweek.
9)Thatis___(easy)ofall.
10).Heis____(clever)boyintheclass.
11).Johnis_____(short)thanTom.
12).Thisboxis____(heavy)thanthatone.
III、根据所给汉语完成句子
1._________exerciseyoutake,__________(你锻炼越多就会越强壮)youwillbe.
2.Whojumped_______(最远)ofallinthelongjump?
3.Lucysaysshewillwritetoyouback__________________(尽可能快地)。
4.Thereare________________(如此多的人)thatwecan'tseeeachother.
5.-_______________(何时何地)shallwemeet?
-Let'smeetoutsidetheschoolgatetomorrowafternoon.
IV、单项选择
( )1.-Tomisthe____oneIwanttoworkwith.Heisalwayscomplaining.
-Bemorepatient. Heisstillagoodboy.
A.best B.last C.first D.only
( )2.WewanttogotoJapantohavea____study.
A.farther B.farthest C.further D.furthest
( )3.Themeetinghallis____tohold5000people.
A.largeenough B.enoughlarge C.solarge D.toolarge
( )4.Whenspringcomes,thetreesget____.
A.greenandgreen B.greenandgreener
C.greenerandgreen D.greenerandgreener
( )5.My_____brotheristhreeyears____thanI.
A.old;older B.elder;older C.older;elderD.old;elder
( )6.He's____tohearthebadnews.
A.sorry B.bad C.happy D.well
( )7.Thesnowisoveronemeter____whenit'swinterhere.
A.long B.high C.thick D.this
( )8.Thisbookis_____worthseeingagain.
A.very B.quite C.well D.much
( )9.Mysistersat____tometolistentothestory.
A.close B.closely C.nearby D.with
( )10.Thesportscarisrunning____,Itseemstobeflying.
A.fastandfast B.moreandfast C.moreandfasterD.fasterandfaster
( )11.Yourun____forustocatchupwithyou.
A.toofast B.sofast C.tooslowly D.soslowly
( )12.Don'tlook_____thewindow?
We'rehavingaclass.
A.outof Boutfrom C.downof D.out.
( )13.Thisyearourschoolis____thanitwaslastyear.
A.muchmorebeautiful B.muchbeautiful
C.themostbeautiful D.beautiful
( )14._____thegroundis,____airbecomes.
A.Thehigh;thethin B.Thehighest;thethinnest
C.Thehigher;thethiner D.Thehigher;thethinner
( )15.Johnis____ofthetwoboys.
A.tall B.tallest C.thetallest. D.thetaller.
( )16.-WhydoesPeterlikemooncakeswithnutsinsteadoftheoneswitheggs?
-Becausehethinksthemooncakeswithnutsare____.
A.cheap B.dear C.worse D.nicer
( )17.Sheis____thanI
A.aheadtaller B.atallerhead C.tallerahead D.headtaller
( )18.Parisisoneof_____citiesintheworld.
A.morebeautifully B.morebeautiful C.themostbeautifully D.themostbeautiful
( )19.Shanghaiisthefirst_____cityinChina.
A.big B.biggest C.thebig D.thebiggest
( )20.-MrZhou,ofallthestudentsinourgroup,wholives___?
-IthinkLiLeidoes.
A.far B.farther C.farthest D.thefarther
( )21.Bobneverdoeshishomework_____Mary,hemakeslotsofmistakes.
A.socarefulas B.ascarefullyasC.carefullyas D.ascarefulas.
( )22.Mysisterisgoodatsports,Shecanjump____thanme.
A.highest B.veryhigh C.toohigh D.muchhigher
( )23.TheYellowRiverisoneof___inChina.
A.thelongestriversB.thelongerriverC.thelongestriverD.thelongriver
( )24.Idon'tfeel___togotoworktoday.I'mill.
A.goodenoughB.wellenoughC.enoughwellD.enoughgood
( )25.Bequiet,class!
Ihave___totellyou.
A.importantanythingB.importantsomething C.anythingimportant
D.somethingimportant
V、同义句转换
1.Mathisthemostdifficultofallthesubjects.
Mathis____difficultthan_____othersubject.
Mathis_____difficultthan_____othersubjects.
2.Joeisn'tastallasLucy..
Joeis_____thanLucy.
3. Kateis10yearsold.Tomis12yearsold.
Kateis___________________Tom.
Tomis____________________Kate.
4.Thebagistooexpensiveformetobuy.
Thebagis________________formetobuy.
知识要点
表示“多少”和“第几”的词,叫数词。
数词分为基数词和序数词两种。
1)基数词:
在十位数词和个位数词中间加上连字符“-“。
如:
21twenty-one‘基数词三位以上的数词,在百位和十位之间,一般要用连词"and“。
如:
132onehundredandthirty-two.
表示”万“的词英语中没有。
如1万可用10千来表示。
tenthousand.30万可用threehundredthousand来表示。
基数词的用法:
1.编号的事物用基数词:
如:
LessonFive,Room101
2.表示”年,月,日“时用基数词。
3.表示“几点钟,几点过几分”用基数词。
Itistwototwo.现在是两点差两分。
4.加减乘除用基数词。
Oneplustwoisthree.一加二等于三。
Eightminusfourisfour.八减四等于四。
Twotimestwoisfour.二乘二等于四.Tendividedbytwoisfive.十除二等于五。
5表示百分数用基数词.
Thirtypercentofthemiswater.它们当中有30%的水。
6.表示分数时,分子数字用基数词,但分母要用序数词,如分子不是1,序数词要用复数形式。
One-fifthofthebooksaremine.三分之一的书是我的。
Three-tenthsofwaterisdisappeared. 十分之三的水不见了。
2)序数词:
表示数目顺序的词用序数词。
1.序数词1━19除第一,第二,第三,第五,第八,第九,第十二变化不规则外,其余均由在基数词后加上-th。
2.十位整数的序数词的构成方法是,是将十位整数基数词的词尾-y变成i再加-eth。
3.几十几的序数词,只是把个位数变成序数词,十位数不变。
4.第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。
onehundredandtwenty-first,onethousand,threehundredandtwentieth
5.序数词的缩写形式有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。
主要缩写形式有。
first--lstsecond--2ndthird--3rdfourth--4thsixth--6thtwentieth--20thtwenty-third--23rd其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。
6.通常前面要加定冠词the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再”,“又”.
We’vetrieditthreetimes.Mustwetryitafourthtime?
7.基数词也可以表示顺序。
只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后(名词需大写)即可,不需要添加定冠词。
thefirstlesson-LessonOne,thefifthpage-Page5,thetwenty-firstroom-Room21
练习
( )1.I‘veread______sportsnewsabouttheF1racetoday.
A.two B.pieces C.twopieces D.twopiecesof
( )2.DuringWorldWarII,aJewish(犹太)ladywasprotectedbyalocalfamilyinShanghaiinher ______.
A.fifties B.fifty C.fiftieth D.thefiftieth
( )3.Theriverthroughourcity,whichisabout_________,iscleanagain.
A.6000meterslong B.6000-metres-long
C.6000-metre-long D.6000meterlong
( )4.IstudyinYuCaiMiddleSchool.Therearetwo____studentsinourschool.
A.thousand B.thousands C.thousandof D.thousandsof
( )5.Theysaidtheywouldhave holiday.
A.atwo-month B.twomonths C.two-months D.two-month’s
( )6.-WhenwasthePLAfounded?
-Itwasfoundedon____.
A.July1.1921 B.October1.1949
C.May1.1922 D.August1.1927
( )7.Inthepasttwoyears,manytallbuildingshavebeenbuiltinourcity.Thetallestisan thatstandsinthecentre.
A.80-floorbuilding B.60-floorbuilding
C.80-floorbuildings D.70floorsbuilding
( )8.Thenumberofpeopleinvited____fifty,butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.
A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were\
( )9.-Howsoonwillyoufinishyourwork?
-Inabout_______.
A.oneandahalfmonth B.onemonthandahalf
C.oneandhalfamonth D.amonthandhalf
( )10.-Wouldyoulikesomefruit,madam?
-Oh,yes._______,please.
A.5kilobananas B.5kilosofbananas
C.5kiloofbananas