高一英语 Unit16《Scientists at work》备课资料 旧人教版第一册.docx
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高一英语Unit16《Scientistsatwork》备课资料旧人教版第一册
2019-2020年高一英语Unit16《Scientistsatwork》备课资料旧人教版第一册
一、异域风情
1.AlexanderBell'sGreatInvention
MostpeopleknowthatAlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephone.Butnotmanyknowaboutaccothertalkingdeviceheinventedjustfouryearslater,in1880.Hecalledthedevicethephotophone.
‘Photophone’esfromtheGreekwordsfor‘light’and‘sound’.Thephotophonedidnotuseelectricitytocarrysoundoverwiresbetweentwopeople.That'swhatatelephonedoes.Instead,thephotophoneusedabeamofsunlighttravellingthroughtheair.Withhisinvention,Bellcouldactuallytransmithumanspeechonabeamoflight.Todoso,hespokeclosetoathinmirrorthatwasreflectingsunlight.Thevibrationsofhisvoicecausedthemirrortovibrate,andthevibratingmirrorcausedthelighttovibrate.Thevibratinglighthitalight-sensitivecellinareceiverplacedsomedistanceaway.Thecellchangedthelightpatternsintoelectricalsignals.Earphoneschangedthesignalsbackintosounds.
Bellbelievedthathisideaoftalkingonabeamoflightwouldprovetobeimportant.Heoftencalledthephotophonehisgreatestinvention.
Eventhoughthephotophonedependedonasourceofenergythatwasnotconstant—thesun—Bellwasn'tabitdiscouraged.Hefeltsurethatpeoplewouldonedaytalkusingbeamsoflight.
TwomuchmorerecentdevelopmentsmadeBell'sdreametrue.In1960,ascientistbuiltthelaser.Alaserproducesahighlyconcentratedbeamoflight.Shortlyafterward,otherscientistsdevelopedanewkindofopticalfibre.Theopticalfibreisaglassthread.Thenewfibrecouldcarrylightbeamslongdistances—asfarasseveralmiles.
2.WhoInventedMotionPictures?
Thepleasureswhichamoviefilmoffterstooureyeshavebeenpaidforwiththelossofsightofamanwhosenameishardlyknownoutsidetheannalsofscience—JosephPlateau,aBelgianprofessorborninBrusselsin1801.
Hestudiedthemechanismofsight,beginningaseriesofmostdangerousexperimentsattheageof28bystaringintothesunfor25secondstoseewhattheeffectonhiseyeswouldbe.Hewasblindfornearlyamonth.Buthewentonexperimenting,increasingthelengthoftimeduringwhichhelookedintothesun,knowingthatintheendthiswouldcosthimhissight.Attheageof42hewaspletelyandincurablyblind;thesunhaddestroyedtheretinaofhiseyes.Buthecontinuedtoworkaswellashecoulduntilhediedattheageof82.
Scienceprofitedenormouslyfromhisresearch.Hestudiedthesocalledinertiaoftheeye,whichmakesapictureremainontheretinaforaboutone-sixthofasecondafterithasdisappearedfromourvision.Thismeansthat,ifweseeasuccessionofindividualpictureseachofwhichappearsonlyforafractionofasecond,they“overlap”oneanotherinourbrain;andiftheyshowconsecutivephasesofmovement,thatmovementwillappeartouscontinuous.
二、知识归纳
(一)prove的用法
1.用作及物动词,表示“证实,证明”(giveproofto,showtobetrue)后接名词、代词、复合宾语、宾语从句等,可用于被动语态。
Whocanproveit?
谁能证实这一点?
Thesoldiershaveprovedtheircourageinbattle.
在战斗中,士兵们证实了他们的勇气。
CanyouprovewhereyouwereonMayDay?
你能证明五一那天你在什么地方吗?
Lookatthesedocuments.Theywillprovethatwearetellingthetruth.
看看这些文件,它们可以证明我们讲的都是事实。
Weprovedhim(tobe)wrong.
我们证明他错了。
Thebookwasprovedtobeveryuseful.
这本书被证实是有用的。
2.作连系动词,意思是“(后来)被证明是或表明是”(befoundtobe,turnouttobe)接形容词、名词、不定式tobe以及of短语。
Thetheoryprovedcorrect.
这个理论被证明是对的。
Theplanprovedagreatsuccess.
这个计划结果非常成功。
Theexperimentprovedtobeafailure.
实验最终失败了。
Thebookwillproveoflittleusetoyou.
这本书会证明对你没有什么用。
(二)doubt的用法归纳
1.用作动词
(1)怀疑;不相信
a.跟名词或代词
Idoubtthetruthofthisreport.
我怀疑这报告的真实性。
Idoubthishonesty.
我怀疑他的诚实。
Youcanwritetohimifyoudoubtmywords.
如果你不相信我的话,你可以给他写信。
I'msorryIdoubtedyoubefore.
对不起,我以前怀疑过你。
b.跟从句
注意:
在肯定句中跟if或whether引导的从句;在否定句或疑问句中跟that引导的从句。
在肯定句中偶尔跟that引导的从句表示“恐怕不会”。
Idoubtwhether/ifhewille.
我怀疑他是否会来。
Idon'tdoubtthatyouarehonest.
我不怀疑你是诚实的。
Nobodycanpossiblydoubtwhathesays.
没人会怀疑他说的话。
IdoubtthatJohnwille.
恐怕约翰不会来了。
c.可跟动名词
Nordowedoubtbeingabletofinishintime.
我们也不怀疑是否有能力及时完了。
(2)用作不及物动词
Whatmadeyoudoubt?
什么使你怀疑?
用doubtof表“对……(抱)怀疑或悲观(态度)”
Theyhaveneverdoubtedofsuccess.
他们从没有对成功怀疑过。
2.用作名词,表“怀疑;疑惑;疑问(多用作不可数名词)”
Ihavenodoubtabouthissuccess.
=Ihavenodoubtthathewillsucceed.
我对他的成功毫不怀疑。
Thereisnoroomfordoubt.
没有怀疑的余地。
(1)在thereisnodoubt后常可跟that从句。
Thereisnodoubtthatweshouldbeabletodosomethingforyou.
我相信我们能为你做点什么。
(2)在肯定句中doubt后有时也可跟whether引导的从句。
ThereissomedoubtwhetherJohnwilleontime.
约翰是否会按时到还有疑问。
(3)短语
a.beyond(all)doubt毫无疑问;无疑地
Thetruthofthestoryisbeyondall(the)doubt.
这个故事的真实性是毫无疑问的。
b.indoubt怀疑;不肯定;拿不准
Hisageisindoubt.
他的年龄叫人怀疑。
Weareindoubtwhattodo.
我们拿不定主意该怎么做。
c.nodoubt肯定地;想必;十之八九
Youknowhimbyname,nodoubt?
想必你知道他的名字吧?
NodoubtIlearnedalotfromthatlecture.
我肯定从那次演讲中学了不少东西。
d.without(a)doubt毫无疑问;一定地
Withoutadoubtthesetheorieswereallwrong.
毫无疑问,这些理论全是错误的。
Don'tworry,he'llebackwithoutdoubt.
别担心,他一定会回来的。
(三)pick的用法归纳
1.pick常用作及物动词,“摘;捡;拾”
Hepickedherarose.
他为她摘了朵玫瑰花。
Thelittlebirdswerepickingthegrain.
小鸟在啄食粮食。
2.作及物动词“挑选”
Pleasepickagoodbookforme.
请为我选本好书。
3.pickout,“选好、选出;认出;看清楚”
Pickoutthosebooksthatyou'dliketoread.
把你喜欢看的书选出来。
Wecouldpickoutdifferentplacesinthecityfromtheairplane.
我们能从飞机上把城里的各个地方认出来。
4.pickup拾起、拿起;(非正规地)学会、学到;取(某物);接(某人)上车
HepickedupFrenchwhilehewasstayinginParis.
他在巴黎逗留期间学会了法语。
Thebusstoppedandpickedupthreepeople.
公共汽车停住,上来了三个人。
三、同义词语辨析
(一)agreatdeal,agreatdealof
1.agreatdeal通常作状语,意思相当于alot/muchoften等修饰动词或用来强调比较级,有时可看成名词词组,作宾语。
Iseeheragreatdeal.
我常常见到她。
Hehasagreatdealtodotoday.
他今天有许多事要做。
2.agreatdealof“许多的,大量的”,作定语,修饰不可数名词,相当于much。
Hespentagreatdealofmoneyonbooks.
他买书花了很多钱。
Floodscausedagreatdealofdamagetothevillagers.
洪水给村民带来了很大的损害。
(二)electric,electrical
这两个词都是“电的”意思。
不同的是:
electric指“由电产生的”或“带电的装置”;而“electrical”指“有关电学方面的”。
anelectricclock/light/iron/wire
电子钟/电灯/电熨斗/电线
electricalengineering电工学
anelectricalengineer电力工程师
(三)preventsb./sth.fromdoingsth.,stopsb./sth.fromdoingsth.,keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.,protect…from/against…
1.prevent/stop/keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.表示“制止(阻止、防止)某人或某物做某事”的意思,它们常可以互换。
但要注意:
现代英语中,preventsb./sth.fromdoingsth.和stopsb./sth.fromdoingsth.中的from常可省略,但用被动语态时,from不能省略。
keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.中的from不可省略。
Therainpreventedus(from)ingintime.
下雨使我们没及时赶到。
Wewerepreventedbytheheavyrainfromgettingthereintime.
这场大雨使我们未能及时赶到那里。
Nothingwillkeepusfrominghere.
什么也阻止不了我们到这里来。
2.protect意为保护……(不受伤害),后接较大的事情,如天灾、战争、重税等多用against;接较小的事情如harm,danger,catchingacold等时用from。
Iwaswearingafurcoattoprotectmyselffromthecold.
我穿着一件皮大衣,免得受凉。
(四)pull,draw,drag
1.pull是个普通用语,意为“用力拉”,指使物体朝着发出力的方向移动,不强调移动的方式。
Motherpulledmebythehand.
妈妈拉着我的手。
Theypulleduptheboatoutoftheriver.
他们把那只木船从河里拖了上来。
Pullthedooropen.Don'tpushit.
把门拉开,别推。
2.draw与pull意思接近,通常指“拖、拉”的动作比pull更均匀、平稳、从容。
Outofthepackagehedrewapaperandgaveittomyfather.
他从小包里抽出一份文件递给我父亲。
Aftersometime,hebegantodrawthenetin.
过了一些时候,他开始收网。
3.drag指艰难而缓慢地“拖、拉”较笨重的东西,含“费力和用劲”之意。
Hedraggedhimselfalongthestreet.
他拖着沉重的脚步沿街走着。
四、能力训练
(一)根据汉语意思完成下列句子
1.Ifpeople__________(违背)natureanddisturbitsbalance,naturewillpunishthemsoonerorlater.
答案:
goagainst
2.Theputer__________(组成)thousandsofparts.
答案:
ismadeupof
3.Youcanwaitatthehotel.I'll__________(接)you__________intheevening.
答案:
pick,up
4.Somestepshavebeentaken__________(保护)theforestfrombeingdestroyed.
答案:
toprotect
5.Thesewinebottles__________(制造)glass.
答案:
aremadeof
6.Thiskindofwine__________(制造)grapes.
答案:
ismadefrom
(二)完形填空
AlbertEinsteinalwayslikedtoaskquestionswhenhewasaboy.Whenhisteacher1himaquestion,hewouldthink2anotherquestiontoaskher.Andoftenshewouldgetredinthefaceandbeangry3him4askingquestionsshecouldn'tanswer.ThemoreAlbertlearned,the5hefoundtothinkabout.Themorehethoughtabout,themorequestionshewanted6.
Heknew7theearth,themoon,theotherstars,andthesunarejustpartof8wecalltheuniverse.Healsoknewthattheuniverseismade9allthestarswecansee10oureyes,andtheonesthataretoofartobe11.Andhediscoveredthatallthesestars,ourownbodiesand12elsearemadeupofatoms.
Hethoughtthere13besomerulestoexplainwhyeverythingintheuniverse,bigandsmall,acts14itdoes.Whydon'tthestars15aroundintheskybump(撞击)intoeachother?
16makesatomssticktogetherto17differentthings?
AlbertEinsteinalwaysthoughthard18hebelievedhehadsomeanswerstohisquestions.Peopleoftenaskedhimquestionsbecausehe19answermanyofthem.Infact,hesolvedquiteafewproblemsthatscientistshadbeentryingto20formany,manyyears.
1.A.asked B.answered
C.introducedD.invited
2.A.ofB.about
C.overD.with
3.A.atB.to
C.withD.about
4.A.asB.for
C.withD.of
5.A.manyB.less
C.muchD.more
6.A.askB.toask
C.askingD.tobeasked
7.A.whatB.when
C.whetherD.that
8.A.whichB.how
C.whatD.that
9.A.withB.upof
C.fromD.in
10.A.fromB.in
C.withD.off
11.A.seeB.seeing
C.sawD.seen
12.A.somethingB.everything
C.anythingD.nothing
13.A.canB.may
C.mustD.need
14.A.aboutB.for
C.whatD.as
15.A.movedB.moving
C.moveD.tobemoving
16.A.WhoB.What
C.WhichD.Whose
17.A.beB.have
C.formD.do
18.A.beforeB.un