初三英语定语从句用法详解.docx
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初三英语定语从句用法详解
定语从句的用法
1、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
(尤其是限制性定语从句)
(定语在汉语中常用……的表示。
它主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以有一个句子来担任。
单词做定语是通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句做定语是则放在所修饰的词之后,做后置定语。
)
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
1.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去
2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)
Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物
Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)
Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)
3.who,whom用于指人
ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
(作主语)
Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?
(作宾语)
注意:
whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
4whose用于指人,也可以用于指物(相当于ofwhich注明:
whose=the+物/人+ofwhich/whom)
Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?
Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
Ioncelivedinthehouse,theroofofwhichhasfallenin.
5.关系词的区别
(1)关系词只能用that的情况:
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时
Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some,theone等不定代词时,
Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被由theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,each等修饰时.
ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.先行词里同时含有人或物时
IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复
Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是therebe结构
Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.
ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(2)关系词不用that的情况:
a.先行词为that,those时
What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时
Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句
Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。
(in/on/at/during+which)
Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。
(in/at+which)
Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。
(for/which)
Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
六、图形总结如下
从句缺主语who,that
先行词是人从句缺宾语whom,which,that,省略关系代词
从句缺定语whose
从句缺主语which,that
先行词是物从句缺宾语which,that,省略关系代词
从句缺定语whose
指时间when
指地点where关系副词
指原因why
练习一
I.单项选择。
1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?
-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.
A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom
2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?
A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone
3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it
4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?
A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtit
C.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit
5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.
A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree
6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.
A.thatB.itC.whichDwho
7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate
A.who’sB.whoseC.thatDofwhich.
8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.
A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was
9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who
10.Thehouse,_____wasdestoryedintheterriblefire,hasheenrepaired.
AtheroofofwhichBwhichroofCitsroofDtheroof.
Ⅱ.用适当的关系词填空。
1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.
2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.
3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.
4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.
5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow?
6.Helivesintheroom___windowfacestothesouth.
7.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons__________theyrememberedintheschool.
8.I’minterestedinall______youhavesaid
9.Icanneverforgettheday__________weworkedtogetherandtheday__________wespenttogether.
10.Thisisthereason__________hedidn’tcometothemeeting.
11.Theboy_________washereaminuteagoismyfriend.
12.Dictionaryisabook_________givesthemeaningsofwords.
13.Thisletterisfromtheyoungman_________wemetlastmonth.
14.Thefilm_________wesawlastnightwaswonderful.
15.Thereisonlyonething_________Icando.
16.Thisistheboy_________textbookwaslost.
17.Carlstillrememberedtheafternoon_________hegottothelab.
18.Thisistheroom_________welivedlastyear.
19.That’stheveryreason_________IwanttostudyEnglish.
20.Thereason_______youcan’tstudyEnglishwellisyourlaziness.
练习二
(一)用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。
1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.
3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.
4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.
5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.
6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.
7.Themanwasmyuncle.Themanwavedtous.
8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.
9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.
10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.
(二)用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.
2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.
3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.
4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.
5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.
6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.
7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.
8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.
9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?
10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.
练习三
一、单项填空
1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?
---Oh!
It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.
A.he B.that C.whom D.which
2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.
A.who B.which C.they D.where
3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.
A.which B.when C.who D.whom
4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.
A.who B.whom C.he D.which
5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.
A.there B.when C.where D.which
6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.
A.that B.which C.why D.when
7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.
A.that B.which C.where D.why
8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.
A.when B.where C.that D.which
9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.
A.when B.where C.that D.onwhich
10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.
A.who B.that C.whose D.which
11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.
A.that B.which C.when D.where
12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.
A.inwhich B.that C.whose D.where
13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.
A.which B.that C.when D.where
14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.
A.that B.which C.when D.where
15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.
A.that B.which C.where D.when
16.Iworkinabusiness________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.
A.how B.which C.where D.that
17.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.
A.who B.that C.what D.which
18.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone________theycantalkfrequently.
A.who B.as C.aboutwhich D.withwhom
19.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.
A.until B.that C.when D.where
20.Thefamousscientistgrewup________hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.
A.when B.whenever C.where D.wherever
21.Astorygoes________ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.
A.when B.where C.what D.that
22.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.
A.they B.it C.one D.which
23.Isthisfactory______youworkedat?
A.theone B.which C.that D.where
24.Isthisthefactory_______youworked?
A.where B.which C.that D.theone
25.---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?
---Yes,hedoes.
A.which B.whose C.where D.who
26.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisver