初三英语定语从句用法详解.docx

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初三英语定语从句用法详解

定语从句的用法

1、定语从句的概念

   在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

(尤其是限制性定语从句)

(定语在汉语中常用……的表示。

它主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以有一个句子来担任。

单词做定语是通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。

短语和从句做定语是则放在所修饰的词之后,做后置定语。

   二、定语从句的关系词

   引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

   三、定语从句的分类

   根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

1.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去

2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

   四、关系代词的用法

   1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。

   Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。

(that作主语)

   Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

(that作宾语)

   2.which用于指物

   Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。

(作主语)

   Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。

(作宾语)

   3.who,whom用于指人

   ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。

(作主语)

   Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?

(作宾语)

注意:

whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

4whose用于指人,也可以用于指物(相当于ofwhich注明:

whose=the+物/人+ofwhich/whom)

Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?

Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

Ioncelivedinthehouse,theroofofwhichhasfallenin.

   5.关系词的区别

(1)关系词只能用that的情况:

   a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时

   Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

   b.当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some,theone等不定代词时,

Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?

你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

   c.先行词被由theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,each等修饰时.

ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

   d.先行词里同时含有人或物时

   IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

   e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复

   Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?

正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

   f.主句是therebe结构

Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.

   ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

   

(2)关系词不用that的情况:

   a.先行词为that,those时

   What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?

在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

   b.关系代词前有介词时

   Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。

   c.引导非限制性定语从句

   Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

   五、关系副词的用法

   

(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。

(in/on/at/during+which)

   Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。

   

(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。

(in/at+which)

Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。

   (3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。

(for/which)

 Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

 

六、图形总结如下

从句缺主语who,that

先行词是人从句缺宾语whom,which,that,省略关系代词

从句缺定语whose

从句缺主语which,that

先行词是物从句缺宾语which,that,省略关系代词

从句缺定语whose

指时间when

指地点where关系副词

指原因why

 练习一

I.单项选择。

   1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?

   -Yes,he’sourheadmaster.

   A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom

   2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?

   A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone

   3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.

   A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it

   4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?

   A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtit

   C.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit

   5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.

   A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree

6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.

   A.thatB.itC.whichDwho

   7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate

   A.who’sB.whoseC.thatDofwhich.

   8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.

   A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was

   9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.

   A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who

   10.Thehouse,_____wasdestoryedintheterriblefire,hasheenrepaired.

AtheroofofwhichBwhichroofCitsroofDtheroof.

 Ⅱ.用适当的关系词填空。

   1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.

   2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.

   3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.

   4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.

   5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow?

6.Helivesintheroom___windowfacestothesouth.

7.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons__________theyrememberedintheschool.

8.I’minterestedinall______youhavesaid

9.Icanneverforgettheday__________weworkedtogetherandtheday__________wespenttogether.

10.Thisisthereason__________hedidn’tcometothemeeting.

11.Theboy_________washereaminuteagoismyfriend.

12.Dictionaryisabook_________givesthemeaningsofwords.

13.Thisletterisfromtheyoungman_________wemetlastmonth.

14.Thefilm_________wesawlastnightwaswonderful.

15.Thereisonlyonething_________Icando.

16.Thisistheboy_________textbookwaslost.

17.Carlstillrememberedtheafternoon_________hegottothelab.

18.Thisistheroom_________welivedlastyear.

19.That’stheveryreason_________IwanttostudyEnglish.

20.Thereason_______youcan’tstudyEnglishwellisyourlaziness.

  

练习二

(一)用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。

  1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.

  2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.

  3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.

  4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.

  5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.

  6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.

  7.Themanwasmyuncle.Themanwavedtous.

  8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.

  9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.

  10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.

(二)用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

  1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.

  2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

  3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.

  4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.

  5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.

  6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.

  7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.

  8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.

  9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?

  10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.

练习三

一、单项填空

  1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?

  ---Oh!

It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.

  A.he   B.that   C.whom   D.which

2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.

  A.who   B.which   C.they   D.where

  3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.

  A.which   B.when   C.who   D.whom

  4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.

A.who   B.whom   C.he   D.which

  5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.

  A.there   B.when   C.where   D.which

  6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.

  A.that   B.which   C.why   D.when

  7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.

  A.that   B.which   C.where   D.why

  8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.

  A.when   B.where   C.that   D.which

  9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.

  A.when   B.where   C.that   D.onwhich

  10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.

  A.who   B.that   C.whose   D.which

  11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.

  A.that   B.which   C.when   D.where

  12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.

  A.inwhich   B.that   C.whose   D.where

  13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.

  A.which   B.that   C.when   D.where

  14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.

  A.that   B.which   C.when   D.where

  15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.

  A.that   B.which   C.where   D.when

  16.Iworkinabusiness________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.

  A.how   B.which   C.where   D.that

  17.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.

  A.who   B.that   C.what   D.which

  18.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone________theycantalkfrequently.

  A.who   B.as   C.aboutwhich   D.withwhom

  19.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.

  A.until   B.that   C.when   D.where

  20.Thefamousscientistgrewup________hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.

  A.when   B.whenever   C.where   D.wherever

  21.Astorygoes________ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.

  A.when   B.where   C.what   D.that

  22.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.

  A.they   B.it   C.one   D.which

  23.Isthisfactory______youworkedat?

  A.theone   B.which   C.that   D.where

  24.Isthisthefactory_______youworked?

  A.where   B.which   C.that   D.theone

  25.---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?

    ---Yes,hedoes.

  A.which   B.whose   C.where   D.who

  26.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisver

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