初三英语定语从句用法详解.docx

1、初三英语定语从句用法详解定语从句的用法1、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 (尤其是限制性定语从句)（定语在汉语中常用的表示。它主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以有一个句子来担任。单词做定语是通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句做定语是则放在所修饰的词之后，做后置定语。） 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括w

2、here, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。 1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去 2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I

3、put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which用于指物 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who, whom用于指人 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

4、经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意：whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 4 whose用于指人，也可以用于指物（相当于of which 注明:whose=the+物/人+of which/whom ）Do you like the book whose color is yellow?Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? I once lived in t

5、he house whose roof has fallen in . I once lived in the house ,the roof of which has fallen in . 5.关系词的区别 （1）关系词只能用that的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时 He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little,

6、 some，the one等不定代词时， Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c.先行词被由the only ,the very, the same, the last ,every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时. This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时 I can remember well the persons and some pictur

7、es that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复 Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? f.主句是there be 结构 There is an old man who wants to see you . There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 （2）关系词不用that 的情况: a.先行词为that, those时 Whats that which is

8、under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.关系代词前有介词时 This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句 Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法 (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。 （in/on/at/during +which） This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。(in/at+w

9、hich)This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。（for/which）Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 六、图形总结如下 从句缺主语who,that 先行词是人 从句缺宾语whom,which,that,省略 关系代词 从句缺定语whose 从句缺主语which，that先行词是物 从句缺宾语which,that,省略 关系代词 从句缺定语whose 指时间 when 指地点where 关系副

10、词 指原因why 练习一I.单项选择。 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend m

11、e the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which D who 7

12、. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that D of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The house , _ was destoryed

13、 in the terrible fire,has heen repaired.A the roof of which B which roof C its roof D the roof. 用适当的关系词填空。 1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their frie

14、nds. 4. The house _we live in is very old. 5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now? 6.He lives in the room _ window faces to the south. 7.He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school. 8. Im interested in all _ you have said 9. I can never forget the day _we worke

15、d together and the day _we spent together. 10. This is the reason_he didnt come to the meeting. 11.The boy _was here a minute ago is my friend. 12.Dictionary is a book _gives the meanings of words. 13.This letter is from the young man _we met last month. 14.The film_ we saw last night was wonderful.

16、 15.There is only one thing _I can do. 16.This is the boy _ text book was lost. 17.Carl still remembered the afternoon _ he got to the lab. 18.This is the room _ we lived last year. 19.Thats the very reason _ I want to study English. 20.The reason _you cant study English well is your laziness.练习二（一）

17、 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall.

18、 We listened to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us. 8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.10. I spoke to the man. The man is a

19、professor.（二） 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. There is n

20、othing in the world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League.练习三一、单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our Englis

21、h teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English scho

22、ol teacher _ loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why

23、8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his fami

24、ly once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where12. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that

25、 B. which C. when D. where15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when16. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that17. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the o

26、thers, _, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which18. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom19. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away vil

27、lage. A. until B. that C. when D. where20. The famous scientist grew up_ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever21. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where

28、 C. what D. that22. The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which23. Is this factory _ you worked at? A. the one B. which C. that D. where24. Is this the factory _ you worked? A. where B. which C. that D. the one25. -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees?-Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who26. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is ver