科技英语2.docx

科技英语2.docx

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科技英语2

科技英语在线考试

请注意：

本学期您只有一次在线考试机会，请慎重做答和提交！

单项选择题

第1题

___B___drillandpractice,self-pacedcomputer-assistedinstructionenablesthestudenttoadvancerapidlywithoutbeinglimitedbytheconflictingneedsoftheentireclass.

本题1分

A、Incommonwith

B、Intermsof

C、Withregardto

D、Onequalterms

第2题

Compassisadeviceusedtodeterminegeographicdirectionandusuallyconsistsofamagneticneedleorneedles_____D_____mountedorsuspended.

本题1分

A、accidentally

B、orientally

C、incidentally

D、horizontally

第3题

Youngloverswalkedhandinhand_____D_____thetrees,andtherewereflowers,stretchesofgrass,andgamesofsoftball.

本题1分

A、to

B、above

C、from

D、beneath

第4题

The___A___wasdesignedtoweardowntheenemy’sresistanceanditworkedoutsuccessfullywiththewarendedinamonth.

本题1分

A、strategy

B、proposal

C、notion

D、idea

第5题

Shehas_________toassistTheNatureConservancy,anon-profitconservationorganization,organizedandexistingunderthelawsoftheStateofNewHampshire.

本题1分

A、supervised

B、volunteered

C、reserved

D、preserved

第6题

Thechief____C_____officerofalocalgovernmenthastheroleofimplementingthelocalgovernment’spoliciesanddecisions.

本题1分

A、prosecutive

B、executive

C、exclusive

D、excessive

第7题

She___A___lovecatsbutoneattackedherandshedoesn’tlikethemanymore.

本题1分

A、usedto

B、wasusedto

C、wasaccustomedto

D、wasaddictedto

第8题

Thejob___B___isavailableforthreemonthsonly,andIhopeyoucantakeitintoconsideration.

本题1分

A、inproportion

B、inquestion

C、ineffect

D、toexcess

第9题

Don’t____B______me.Iamtryingtoconcentrateonmystudyinordertogetwellpreparedfortheexam.

本题1分

A、attract

B、distract

C、detract

D、extract

第10题Thecomputerdoesn’tworkwell,sosomething_____C___wrong.本题1分

A、couldhavegone

B、shouldhavegone

C、musthavegone

D、oughttohavegone

第11题EversincetheSmithsmovedtothesuburbsayearago,they__C_____betterhealth.本题1分

A、couldhaveenjoyed

B、hadenjoyed

C、havebeenenjoying

D、areenjoying

第12题IsupposebythetimeIcomebackintenyears’timealltheseoldhouses____A___down.本题2分

A、willhavebeenpulled

B、willbepulling

C、willhavepulled

D、willbepulled

第13题

Thechild__A____hisparentsquarrellingandhewasfrightened.

本题1分

A、overheard

B、virtualized

C、scratched

D、oversaw

第14题Hestudiedhardinhisyouth,_____D____contributedtohisgreatsuccessinlaterlife.本题2分

A、that

B、it

C、what

D、which

第15题

Thereisagreatdealofevidence___B_____thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.

本题2分

A、tobeindicated

B、indicating

C、indicated

D、tobeindicating

填空题

第16题anysuccessfulａndrepeatabledefeatofacomputer’ssecuritycontrolscouldresultina__penetration_（penetrate）ofthesystem.本题2分

第17题Shedidn’trecognizethep_potential__（潜力）forerrorinthemethodbeingusedintheplan.本题2分

第18题russianforceshavebegunto_withdraw__（withdrawal）ｆromgeorgianterritoryfollowinglastweek’sconflictinsouthossetia.本题2分

第19题Thefirst-yearcoursesprovideshortintroductionstotheseareas,whilethesecond-yearcoursesi_investigate__（调查，研究）theareasingreaterdepth.本题2分

第20题sleep,justlikeeating,toiletingａnddressingisadailyhabitthat_required__（requirement）regulartrainingbeforeitbecomesproperlyestablished.本题2分

第21题thepoisonproducedbythefog’sskinissol_lethal__（致命的）thatitcanparalyzeabirdｏramonkeyimmediately.本题2分

第22题Shehada_tension__（tension）expressiononherface,asthoughshewasexpectingsometrouble.本题2分

第23题Nowadaysthetaxincentivehas_encouraged__（courage）manymotoriststostartusingtrainsinsteadofdrivingtheirowncars.本题2分

第24题Moderntechnologyhasdevelopedinamannerwhichoftenc_conflict__（冲突）withtheenvironment.本题2分

第25题inthecaseofvehiclecollisions,theframeisforcedtocrushａndabsorbalargev___（大量）oftheenergyofimpact.本题2分

问答题

第26题Whatarethemanagerialskillsmanagersmusthave?

本题3分

管理人员必须有什么样的管理技能？

第27题whatisthetaskofthegeologist?

ａndhowcanhedeterminewhetheroilexists?

本题3分

什么是任务的地质学家？

他又如何能确定是否存在？

第28题Whatisthefinalgoalofscienceregardinguniverse?

本题3分

有关科学宇宙的最终目标是什么？

第29题Whataretheconditionsforaplanettobethe“habitablezone”?

本题3分

可居住的地带行星的条件是什么？

第30题whatisthemostimportantresourceforthedevelopmentofoursociety?

ａndwhydoyouthinkso?

本题5分

在我们的社会什么是发展最重要的资源？

而你为什么这么认为呢？

第31题

英译汉：

Inordertotalkaboutthenatureoftheuniverseandtodiscussthequestionssuchaswhetherithasabeginningoranend,youhavetobeclearaboutwhatascientifictheoryis.

本题3分

为了谈论宇宙的性质和讨论这样的问题是否有一个开始或结束，你必须清楚什么是科学理论。

第32题

汉译英：

穷人的声音不被理睬，因为政府只制定对富人有益的政策。

（tuneout）

本题3分

Thepoorvoicewasnotignore,becausethegovernmentisonlyfortherichbeneficalpolicyformulation

第33题

由于2008年的奥运会，北京发生了重大变化。

（dueto）

本题3分

Dueto2008OlympicGames,Beijinghasundergonegreatchanges

第34题

Itisknowntoallthatcompetitiveswimmingisjustoveronehundredyearsold.

本题3分

众所周知，竞技游泳只有100多岁。

第35题

英译汉：

Theoilemergencysystemwassetuptooffsetmajordisruptionsthatthreatenedtheglobaleconomyandstability,nottomanagepricesandthecommoditycycle.

本题3分

油应急系统的建立是为抵消主要威胁到全球经济动荡和稳定性,而不是价格管理和大宗商品周期。

阅读理解题

第36题

Allmanagers,regardlessoftheirlevel,musthavethreebasickindsofmanagerialskills:

conceptualskills,“people”skills,andtechnicalskills.Eachofthesecanbedeveloped.Theyarenotinborn.

Amanagerwithconceptualskillscanseethefirmassystem—acomplexofpartsthatinteractwithanddependononeanother.Themanageralsoseeshowthefirmrelatestoitsenvironment.Thesemanagersarecreativeandanalytical.Theyidentifyandsolveproblemsandcomeupwithnewapproachestothemanagementprocess.Conceptualskillsarecrucialforlong-rangeplanningandthereforearemoreimportantattheupperlevelofmanagementthanatthelowerandmiddlelevels.

Peopleskillsarehumanrelationsskills.Theyincludecommunication,motivation,andleadershipskills.Thesearethemostimportantofallmanagerialskillsatalllevelsofmanagement.Theydeterminehowwellamanagerinteractswithsuperiorsandsubordinates.Amanagerwithgoodpeopleskillsgetsalongandworkswellwithpeopleatalllevelsinthefirm.Peopleskillsareespeciallyimportantinhumanresourcemanagement.

Technicalskillsinvolveamanager’sabilitytounderstandandusetechniques,methods,equipment,andprocedures—inotherwords,tounderstandhowthingsoperate.Theseskillsaremoreimportantatthelowermanagementlevelthanattheupperandmiddlelevels.Foremen,forexample,mustknowhowtooperatethemachinerytheirsubordinatesuse.Asamanagermovesupthemanagementhierarchy,technicalskillsbecomelessimportantthanconceptualandpeopleskills.

Technicalskillsarethehardesttotransferfromoneindustrytoanother.Conceptualandpeopleskillsaremoretransferable.Itisimportanttounderstand,however,thatallthreekindsofskillsneedconstantupdatingtobeeffective.

Managerialworkmeansperformingmanagementfunctions:

planning,organizing,staffing,directing,andcontrolling.Dividingmanagerialworkintothesefunctionshelpsusunderstandit.Thesefunctions,however,arenotperformedseparately.Intherealworld,theyareperformedatthesametimeandareinterdependent.

Planningisthemanagementfunctionofpreparingafirmtocopewiththefuture.Itinvolvessettingthefirm’sobjectivesoveraperiodoftimeanddecidingonmethodstoachievetheseobjectives.

Therearetwotypesofplanning:

strategicplanningandoperationalplanning.Strategicplanningisconcernedwithafirm’slong-rangefutureanditsoverallstrategyofgrowth.Top-levelmanagersareresponsibleforthistypeofplanning.

Operationalplanningisplanningfortheday-to-daysurvivalofthefirm.Suchplanningisnecessarytoimplementstrategicplans.Middle-andlower-levelmanagersengagemainlyinthistypeofplanning.

Organizingisthemanagementfunctionofcoordinatingpeople,tasks（oractivities）,andresourcessothatafirmcanaccomplishitsobjectives.Anorganizationisthestructureformedbytheprocessoforganizing.

Accordingtothesystemsconcept,afirmconsistsofanetworkofinterrelationshipsamongitsvariousdepartments.Eachdepartmentisasubsystemofthefirm.Whenafirmacceptsitssocialresponsibility,itviewsitselfasasubsystemofthelargersocioeconomicsystem.

Themoretheworkersviewthefirmasasystem,thelesstheiractionswillconflict.

Staffingisthemanagementfunctionofrecruiting,selecting,training,andpromotingpersonneltofillbothmanagerialandnonmanagerialpositionsinafirm.Thequalityofitspersonnelisafirm’ssinglemostimportantasset.

Directingisthemanagementfunctionofencouragingsubordinatestoworktowardachievingcompanyobjectives.Itsometimesiscalledleading,guiding,motivating,oractuating.

Fourbasicconceptsrelatetothedirectingfunction.Theyare:

（1）participation,

（2）communication,（3）motivation,and（4）leadership.

Controllingisthemanagementfunctionofmonitoringoperationstoseeifthefirmisachievingitsgoals.Controllinginvolves:

（1）settingstandardsofperformance,

（2）measuringactualperformanceagainstthestandards,and（3）takingcorrectiveactionwhensignificantdeviationsexist.

First,theremustbeastandard—adefiniteideaofwhatonewantstoaccomplish.

Second,amanagermeasuresactualperformanceandcomparesittothestandard.Insomejobsonlyquantitativeresults（numberofunitsproduced）areimportant