备战浙江新中考英语话题集训13话题十三 通讯科普知识和现代技术.docx

备战浙江新中考英语话题集训13话题十三 通讯科普知识和现代技术.docx

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备战浙江新中考英语话题集训13话题十三通讯科普知识和现代技术

话题十三　通讯、科普知识与现代技术

一、完形填空

Asweallknow，theinventionsplayanimportantpartinourlife.Itisinventorsthathelpuschangeourlife.TheTVhelpsusknowtheoutside1．Thecellphonemakesuskeepintouchwithourfriends.Thewebmakesourlifemore2．

Theinventionofworldwideweb（互联网）changedthewaywecommunicateandlearn，evenshop.Itwas3bySirTimBernersLeefromtheUnitedKingdom.Atthattime，theInternetwasmainlyusedbya4numberofscientistsandcomputerexperts.Itwasimpossible5commonpeopletoshareinformationontheInternet.BernersLeewantedto6it.

Hedevelopeda（n）7waytocreatewebpages.Healso8waystorecognize（辨认）andlink（连接）thosepagestogether.His9wastomakeitpossibleforanyonetopost（发布）informationandshareitanywhere.Theinformationagehadcome!

Inthe1990s，thewebdevelopedintoaninternationalneighborhoodwheretheInternetuserscould10shareinformationinmanyforms—photo，voice，videoandsoon.11emailappeared，thenormalwaysthatpeoplestayedintouchwitheachotherwerebyphoneorbywritingletters.Nowpeoplehavemoreavailablewaysto12witheachother.Moreandmorepeoplechoosetosetuptheirownblogs（博客）totellothersmoreabout13．Nowthewebisaplace14peoplecanshareinformation.Students15alsogoonlinetolookuptheinformationthattheycan'tlearnfromthetextbooks.Howusefultheinventionis！

Ithasreallychangedourlife.

（）1.A.roomB．houseC．countryD．world

（）2.A.dangerousB．beautifulC．importantD．convenient

（）3.A.madeB．askedC．inventedD．found

（）4.A.greatB．smallC．largeD．tidy

（）5.A.inB．ofC．forD．with

（）6.A.chooseB．changeC．followD．form

（）7.A.simpleB．famousC．oldD．young

（）8.A.putupB．giveupC．setupD．lockup

（）9.A.reasonB．goalC．planD．result

（）10.A.hardlyB．usuallyC．easilyD．difficultly

（）11.A.BeforeB．AfterC．WhileD．Because

（）12.A.learnB．fightC．communicateD．share

（）13.A.myselfB．yourselfC．themselvesD．himself

（）14.A.whereB．whyC．howD．that

（）15.A.mustB．shouldC．canD．need

二、阅读理解

A（2019·宁波）

Bigdata（数据）isalotofsetsofinformationthatareputtogethersotheycanbeusedbyacomputerprogram.Thecomputerprogramlooksfordifferentkindsofanswersorpatternsinthedata.Bigdatacanhavedifferentkindsofinformationfrommanysources，suchasinformationthatcomesfromschools，socialmediasites，companies，andgovernments.Onesetofdatacanhavepeople'snamesandaddresses.Anothersetcanhavewhattheylike，wheretheygotoschool，andhowmuchtimetheyspendonthecomputer.

Bigdatacanbeusedinmanyways.Thegovernmentusesittounderstandhowmanypeopletravelonbusesortrains.Thisinformationisthenusedtomakebusortrainsystemsbetter.Someschoolsusebigdatatounderstandwhichchildrenmayneedextrahelpinclass.Theteachercanthengivecertainstudentsmorehelporsupportsothosestudentscansucceedinschool.Companiesusebigdata，too.Ithelpsthemunderstandwhobuystheirproducts.Forexample，onecompanyusesweatherdatatoseewhenpeopleeatthemosticecream.

Bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons.Somehospitalsusebigdatatopredictifababywhoisborntooearlywillgetsick.Thehospitalcanthentakeextrastepstotakecareofthatbabysoheorshedoesnotgetsick.Bigdatacanalsobeusedforbadreasons.Itcanbeusedtopredictwhichkindsofpeoplearelikelytobreakthelaworhurtothers，eveniftheyhavenotdoneanythingwrong.

Howcanbigdatabeusedforgoodandbadthings？

Itisbecausethecomputerprogramsusedtolookatbigdataandunderstanditarewrittenbypeople.Peoplethinkacertainway.Becausetheythinkacertainway，theybuildamodelofthoseideas.Theseideasarethenusedtolookatthedata.Sometimes，theseideasarehelpfulforpeopleorbusinesses.Othertimes，badideascancauseproblemsforcertaingroupsofpeople.

（）1.Thisreadingisabout.

A．whatbigdataisandhowitisused

B．whatschoolsandhospitalspeoplelike

C．whereimportantdataiscollectedandstored

D．howbigdataiscontrolledbygovernmentsandcompanies

（）2.Onecompanyusesweatherinformationto.

A．helpchildreninneed

B．knowwhenpeoplewillvisitthehospital

C．findoutwhoridesthebusortrain

D．understandwhenpeoplewillneedicecream

（）3.ThemainideaofParagraph3is.

A．bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons

B．wecanusebigdatainanumberofways

C．bigdatacanbeusedforbothgoodandbadreasons

D．wecanusebigdatatopreventbabiesfromgettingsick

（）4.Theoveralltone（总基调）ofthisreadingis.

A．sadandpersonal

B．personalandscientific

C．informativebutsilly

D．scientificandinformative

B（2019·温州龙湾区一模）

Whenitcomestomoderncommunication，securityisabigproblem.Itseemslikewe'reforeverhearingabouthackers（黑客）leakingemails，passwordsandotherimportantpersonalinformation.

ButthankstoabreakthroughbyChinesescientists，whowonthe2018NewcombClevelandPrizeinFebruary，wemaysoonneverhavetoworryaboutourdataagain.

Thisisthankstothesatellite（卫星；人造卫星）calledMiciusthatuseslatesttechnologytosendandreceiveinformation.SowhatexactlymakestheinformationsenttoandfromMiciussosecure？

Miciusisthefirstsatellitetousequantumkeydistribution（量子密钥分配）．Thistechnologyusesparticles（微粒；粒子）thatsendlighttocommunicateinformationfromonepointtoanother.Nowadays，itcancommunicatewithtwobasestations.BothofthemarelocatedhighupinthemountainsintwodifferentareasofTibet，around1，200kilometersapart.Dataissentbetweenthesatelliteandoneofthebasestationsintheformofarayoflight.Thismakesitalmostimpossiblefordatasentandreceivedusingquantumsatellitetechnologytobestolenbecausetheconnectionwillbebrokenifsomeonetriestohackit.“Anyeavesdropper（偷听者）onthequantumchannelcanbefoundbythecommunicatingusers，”thescientistswroteinthepaper.

However，thetechnologydoeshaveafewlimitations.Forexample，theprocessonlyworksatnight，astheinformationisn'tabletopassthroughsunlight.Andthere'snowonlya10minutewindoweachdayduringwhichMiciuscancommunicatewitheachofthebasestations，accordingtoXinhua.Thisisbecausethesatelliteandbasestationneedtobecloseenoughtoeachotherfortheinformationtosuccessfullymakeittoandfromouterspace.

Thoughtherearesmallproblems，thescientificcommunityacrosstheworldhasreactedpositivelytoChina'sachievementsinthisgroundbreakingproject.“ThisChineseexperimentisquiteawonderfultechnologicalachievement，”ArturEkert，aprofessorofquantumphysicsattheUniversityofOxford，toldBBCNews.

（）5.Inmoderncommunication，whatisabigproblemaccordingtothepassage?

A．There'slessInternetspacethanbefore.

B．Hackersmakeusnotcommunicatefreely.

C．Personalinformationcanbeeasilyletout.

D．It'shardtorememberpersonalinformation.

（）6.Howcanthebigproblemofmoderncommunicationbeworkedout?

A．ScientistsuseanewtechnologytobuildtwobasestationsinTibet.

B．Miciususesquantumkeydistributiontosendandreceiveinformation.

C．QuantumkeydistributionmakesMiciusandbasestationscloseenough.

D．Usershavelearntanewtechnologytofindthehackerswhentheyappear.

（）7.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?

A．Thetechnologycan'tbeusedinouterspace.

B．Thetechnologycoststoomuch.

C．Thetechnologyworksforashorttimeeachday.

D．Thetechnologyneedsalotofsunlight.

（）8.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A．Datasecuritystillhasalongwaytogo.

B．Anewtechnologymeetsproblems.

C．Communicationsecurityisabigproblem.

D．Datasecuritywelcomesanewage.

三、词汇运用

Whatwilltheworldofthefuturebelike？

Thereareplentyofpeoplewhoarehappytogivetheir1（意见；看法）ofwhatwewillbedoingin2050.Herearetwopredictionsabouttheworldoftomorrow.

Whenwedreamaboutthefuture，manyliketothinkof2（拥有）apersonalflyingcar.Theadvantagesareobvious.Thistechnologywouldallowtotalfreedomofmovement.Wecouldflyat480kmperhour，avoidingtrafficlightsandbusyroads.However，somepeoplebelievetherewillbeproblemswithtraffic3（控制）．Ifthecarsbecomepopular，thereislikelytobeairtrafficjam.Anotherbigproblemismechanicalfailure.Whatwillhappenifthecarsstopworking？

Theseareproblemswemust4（预料）ifflyingcarsbecomeareality.

Threedimensionalprintingisanothernewtechnologywith5（使人兴奋的）possibilities.3Dprintersareusedtobuildanobjectwithliquidplastic.Theybuildtheobjectlayerbylayeruntilitiscomplete.Carcompanies6（已经）use3Dprinterstomakelifesizemodelsofcarparts，andmedicalcompaniesusethetechnologytomakemanmadebodyparts.Aswemoveintothefuture，3Dprintingwillrevolutionizethewaywe7（购物），thewaywemanufactureandthewaywetreatsickpeople.Thedisadvantageisthatsuchequipmentwillbevery8（昂贵的）．

Sointhefuture，wemightbeabletoflytoworkorprintoutnewshoes.Althoughtherearesomeproblemstosolvebeforethiswillbepossible，wecan9（无疑；肯定）dreamofaworldwheretechnologymakeslifeeasierand10（更安全的）formillionsofpeople.

1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________

5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________

9．________　10.________

四、语法填空

Inourdailylife，robotsareoftenfoundtodoworkthatistoo1（danger），boring，difficult，ordirty.Andweoftenseekidsplaywithtoyrobots.

Butwhat2（exact）isarobot？

Therearesomeimportantcharacteristics（特征）thatarobotmusthave.Thesecharacteristicsmighthelpyoutodecidewhatisandwhatisnotarobot.Itwillalsohelpyoutodecidewhatyouwillneedtobuildintoam