英语专业毕业论文以《最后一片叶子》为例论欧亨利的创作风格.docx

英语专业毕业论文以《最后一片叶子》为例论欧亨利的创作风格.docx

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英语专业毕业论文以《最后一片叶子》为例论欧亨利的创作风格

OnO’Henry’sWritingStyleExemplifiedbyTheLastLeaf

  By

XinKesi

Supervisor:

 LecturerWangHao

AThesisSubmittedtoSchoolofForeignLanguages

OfHandanCollegeinPartialFulfillment

OftheRequirementfortheDegree

OfBachelorofArts

Handan,China

May,2010

郑重声明

本人的毕业论文是在指导教师王颢的指导下独立撰写完成的。

如有剽窃、抄袭、造假等违反学术道德、学术规范和侵权的行为，本人愿意承担由此产生的各种后果，直至法律责任，并愿意通过网络接受公众的监督。

特此郑重声明。

毕业论文作者：

年月日

Acknowledgements

Iwouldliketoavailmyselfofthisopportunitytoexpressmysincerethankstoallthosewhohaveofferedmehelpinmythesiswriting.Firstofall,mythanksareparticularlyextendedtomysupervisor,Lecturer,WangHao,whoseinspiringinsights,generousencouragements,andenthusiasticinstructionshavefacilitatedmemuchthroughoutmythesiswriting.Herpenetratingandinsightfulcommentsaffordmewithinspiringsource.Shehasbeeninconstantconcernaboutmypaper,sparednopainstoentertainmythesisdraft.Shealsoteachesmetheformatofthethesis.Shehaswalkedmethroughallthestagesofthewritingofthisthesis.Withoutherconsistentandilluminatinginstruction,thisthesiscouldnothavereacheditspresentform.IwouldalsoliketoextendmysincerethankstotheForeignLanguageDepartmentofHandanCollegeaswellasallmyteachers.Thankstotheirinstructiveguidanceandcomprehensiveeducationduringthefouryears’schooling,IcanacquiretheopportunitytofurtherstudyEnglish.AndIwanttothankmyparents.Itisthemwhobroughtmeupandgivemefinancialsupportthroughmycollegelife.Finally,mygreatgratitudealsogoestoallmyfriends,especiallymyroommateswhogavemetheirhelpandtimeinlisteningtomeandhelpingmeworkoutmyproblemsduringthedifficultcourseofthethesis.

Abstract

O’HenryisoneofthemostfamousAmericanshortstorywritersintheearly20thcentury.Inhislegendarylife,heofferstheinnumerableartisticstoriesforthereadersbyhisuniquely“O’Henrytechnique”.“O’Henrytechnique”isabigmagicweaponbywhichthisartisticmastermakeshisgreatsuccess,alsoleavesthereadersahugewealth.TheLastLeafisoneofthemasterpiecesofO’Henry.Thisshortstorytellsastoryaboutthreepoorartists.ThebittersweetstoryinvolvesJohnsy,ayoungartistwhoissufferingfromaseverecaseofpneumoniaandhaslostherwilltolive,thoughSuegivesherclosecare.However,BehrmanprovidestheultimategifttoJohnsy,andindoingso,savesherlife,butloseshisownlife.

Thisthesisanalyzesthewritingstylesofthisshortstorythroughthreelevels:

language,structureandcharacterization.ChapterOnestudiesthelanguagefeatures,showingO’Henryisamasteroflanguage.ChapterTwoanalyzesthestructurefeaturesfromtwoparts:

theunexpectedendingand“plotblank”.ChapterThreediscussesthecharacterizationfeaturesfromthepsychologicalportrayal,behaviorportrayal,languageportrayalandappearanceportrayal.Bydoingthis,thisthesisshowsO’Henry’suniqueroleintheliteraryworld.

KeyWords:

stylelanguagestructurecharacterization

摘要

欧·亨利是20世纪初美国最著名的短篇小说家之一。

在他传奇的一生中，欧·亨利运用他独特的“欧·亨利手法”为读者奉献了无数的力作。

而“欧·亨利手法”则是这位艺术大师赖以成功的一大法宝，也是他为读者留下的一笔巨大财富。

《最后一片叶子》是欧·亨利众多名作之一，这篇小说讲述的是三个艺术家之间的故事。

忧喜参半的乔是一个年轻的画家，她不幸患上肺炎，尽管苏竭力照料她，但她仍丧失了生的意志。

然而贝尔曼给了她一份最后的礼物，贝尔曼用自己的生命救了乔的生命。

本文从语言，结构和人物刻画三个方面分析了这篇小说的创作风格。

第一部分研究它的语言特色展示了欧·亨利语言大师的风采，第二部分从出人意料的结尾和情节空白两部分分析了它的结构特色，第三部分研究它人物刻画的特色，包括心理描写，行为描写，语言描写和外貌描写。

文章就是从这三方面展现欧·亨利在世界文坛中的独特地位的。

关键词：

风格语言结构人物刻画

Contents

Acknowledgements

Abstract

Abstract（Chinese）

Introduction1

ChapterOneLanguageFeatures4

1.1CleverChoiceofWords4

1.2TheVarietyofSentences5

ChapterTwoStructureFeatures6

2.1O’HenryEnding6

2.2PlotBlank8

ChapterThreeCharacterizationFeatures9

3.1PsychologicalPortrayalandBehaviorPortrayal9

3.2LanguagePortrayalandAppearancePortrayal10

Conclusion11

Notes12

Bibliography13

Introduction

O’Henry,oneofthegreatestwritersintheshortstoryworld,whorankswithChekhovandMaupassant,wasbornonSeptember11,1862inGreensboro,NorthCarolina.Astheinitiatorofcontemporaryshortnovelists,O’HenryplaysanextremelyimportantroleintheliteraryworldespeciallyinAmerica.Inhislegendarylife,O’Henryoccupiedhimselfwithmanydifferentjobs,includingworkinadrugstore,asaranchhandinTexas,asalicensedpharmacist,asadraftsman,andasacolumnist.HehasbeentomostpartsofAmerica,fromvillagetobigcities,andnearlyexperiencesallthejoyandthemiseryoftheworld,witnessingcommonpeople’slivingconditionatvarioussociallevels,andheextremelypaysattentiontothelittlecitizens’livingcondition.ItisobviousthattheselifecircumstanceshaveembodiedO’Henry’scharactersandspiritsasawriter.Characterizationportrayalandtheartisticimageinhisstoriesfillwiththecontradictionandcomplication.

TheLastLeafisoneofO’Henry’smostsuccessfulshortstories.Ittellsanimpressivestoryamongthreepoorandunsuccessfulartists.Itisastoryaboutliving.OldBehrmanuseshislifetosaveJohnsy’slifebydrawingthelastleafoftheivyinarainstormynight.

DuringthefirsttenyearsafterO’Henrypassedaway,thereraisesasurgeaboutO’HenryinAmerica,hisprestigegettingthepeak.Heiscalled“thenewfatherofAmericaliterature”.AndnowO’Henrystillattractsscholarshomeandaboard.

LiuWencui’s“AStudyofO’Henry’sWritingMethodsinhisShortStory‘TheGiftofMagi’”publishedinDongJiangJournalin2001,exploresO’Henry’speculiarwritingmethodsusedin“TheGiftofMagi”byaddressingthedistinctivetitlewhichcombinesmetaphoricalmeaning,thelivinglanguagewithproperwordingandthereasonableandsurprisingending.

ThenWenJiexiacontrastsandcomparesO’HenrywithMaupassantin“AComparativeStudybetweenMaupassantandO’HenryinShortStoryLayout”,whichispublishedinJournalofZhaoQingUniversity.BothO’HenryandMaupassantareskillfulatshortstorywritingandfamousfortheiringeniousandexquisitelayouts.Whileeachofthemhashischaracteristicandstyleinplot,endingandnarration.Bydoingso,WenJiexiashowstheingeniouswritingskillsofO’Henrywhichcomesfromeverydaylifeexperiences.O’Henrywritesordinaryscenesoflife,buthecanextractvividanduniqueplotsfromcommonscenes.O’Henrytellshisstoriesinordinaryway,withanobjectivetoneandalwaysinsertsintosomesubjectivecomments,whileMaupassantisobjective,realandnatural.O’Henrycriticizesthesocialrealitybydisplayingthemacroscopicappearancewithmicroscopicreflection.

Moreover,in“NarrativeAnalysisofO’Henry’sWritingTechnique”ZhangWenhuaexplainsthethemeonhumanvirtuesinO’Henry’sworkswiththebinaryoppositioninthestructuralizetheory.Thewritercommentsonthemodesoftheopeningandendingwiththetheoryofnarrativemodes.ThetypicalsurprisingendinginO’Henry’sworksisanalyzedwiththetechniqueofdefamiliarization.Bydoingso,ZhangWenhuapresentstheuniquecharacteristicsofO’Henry’sworkswithregardtothenarrativeanalysis.Firstly,theauthorgivesananalysisofO’Henry’sstoriesfromtheperspectiveofstructuralizednarratalogy.Secondly,heexploresthefourmainnarrativemodesoftheopeningandendinginO’Henry’sworkswiththetheoryofnarratalogy.Thirdly,focusingonnarrativetechnique,heelucidatesthattheemploymentofthetechniqueofdefamiliarization.

Inaddition,inJ.Xi’anUniv.ofArch.&Tech.（SocialScienceEdition）FanLinmakessomecommentsonO’Henry’sartisticcharacteristicsin“IngeniousContrastandFrighteningShocks——OntheArtisticCharacteristicsofO’Henry’sShortNovels”.Throughtheanalysisofcontrasts,itdisclosesthegreatartisticeffects.Firstly,throughwritinglittlecitizensandordinarycases,O’Henry’sstoriesdisplayimportantcurrentaffairsinAmerica.Secondly,O’Henryshowshissympathyforthesocialunderdogs,hiseulogyofhumanvirtuesandexposureofhumandefectsarehighlightedasthekeynotes.Then,O’Henryuseslighttonetoelucidateserioustragedy.Finally,thoughthestoryhasnopoliticalcolor,itisfullofcriticismtopolice.

Furthermore,in“ModernisticElementsinO’Henry’sShortStories”,HanRongexplainswhyO’Henryexploitsmodernisticelementsinhiswritings.Ononehand,O’Henryhasthesameoutlookontheworldandlifewiththatofthemodernists,soheexploitsunconsciouslymodernisticelementsinhisworks.Ontheotherhand,O’Henryintendstousemodernisticelementsinhiswritinginordertopleaseeditorsandpublishers.ThisthesisillustrateswithalotofexamplesthemodernisticelementsinO’Henry’sworksineightaspects，whicharesurrealism,impressionism,theabsurd,avant-gardism,magicrealism,blackhumor,symbolismandothermodernistictechniquessuchasmetaphorandblankmemory.Withalltheseelements,theauthorprovesthatO’Henryisqualifiedtoberankedasapioneeringmodernisticwriter.

ThedomesticscholarshavestudiedO’Henrystoriesquitecomprehensively,buttheresearchtotheopeningofhisstoryisveryfew.SoHuChangyupromotes“theopening”in“AnInitialApproachtotheWritingMethodsinO’Henry’sNovels”.Inthisthesis,HuChangyuintroducesO’Henry’sextremelydiversekindsofopenings,whichoccupytheextremelyimportantpositioninhisworks.Certainly,O’Henry’sskilltodealwiththeendingisalreadyverywell.Andtheauthorpointsoutthatitisnecessarytolookatthewhole,becausethesuccessofhisendingisbasedonthewholetext.Thenheaddressesthelanguagefeatures.Atlast,heputsO’Henry,ChekhovandMaupassanttogethertomakeacomparison.

AndZhangXiujuananalyzesO’Henry’sth