QuenyaEnglish Vocabulary.docx

QuenyaEnglish Vocabulary.docx

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QuenyaEnglishVocabulary

QUENYAVOCABULARY

Theselists,Quenya-EnglishandEnglish-Quenya,coverthevocabularyusedintheexercisesofLessons2-20ofthiscourse,exceptforafewpropernames.（Wordsthatoccurinthemaintextofthelessons,butthatarenotusedintheexercises,areexcluded.ThewordsoccurringintheexercisesofLessonOnearealsoexcluded,sincetheirmeaningsareirrelevantfortheexercises.）Noticethatallwordsareherelistedintheirmostbasicform;theactualtextoftheexerciseswouldoftenemployorrequiremorecomplexinflectedorderivativeforms.NoinflectionalendingsareincludedintheQuenya-Englishlist,butpronominalendingsareincludedintheEnglish-Quenyalistbelow.–FormoreextensiveQuenyawordlists,seewww.A

QUENYA-ENGLISHLIST

¤á（varianta）,imperativeparticle,combinedwithaformoftheverbsimilartotheinfinitive（e.g.ácarë!

"do!

"）

¤airita-,verb"tohallow"（pasttenseairitánë）

¤aiwë,noun"bird"（primarilyreferringtosmallbirds）

¤alassë,noun"joy"

¤alda,noun"tree"

¤alta,adjective"great"（=big,referringtophysicalsizeonly）

¤alya,adjective"rich"

¤Ambar,noun"（the）world"（apparentlytreatedasapropername）

¤ambo,noun"hill"

¤an,conjunctionandpreposition"for"（onlyusedasconjunctioninthiscourse）

¤an-,superlativeprefix

¤Anar,noun"（the）Sun"（apparentlytreatedasapropername）

¤ando,noun"gate"

¤ango（angu-）,noun"snake"

¤anna,noun"gift"

¤anta-verb"togive",irregularpasttenseánë（thoughtheregularform?

antanëisperhapsalsopossible）

¤anto,noun"mouth"

¤anwa,adjective"real,actual,true"

¤apa,preposition"after"

¤ar,conjunction"and"

¤aran,noun"king"

¤arwa,adjective"possessing","incontrolof","having",followedbygenitive

¤Atan,noun"Man"（generic:

MortalMan,"human"asopposedtoElf;contrastthenon-generictermnér）

¤atta,cardinal"two";attëa,ordinal"second"（replacingoldertatya,atya）

¤aurë,noun"day"（thedaylightperiod,notafull24-hourcycle）

¤auta-"toleave,togo/passaway",pasttenseoantëandperfectoantiëaboutphysicallyleavingoneplaceandgoingtoanother,butpasttensevánëandperfectavánieraboutdisappearingordyingoff.

¤áva"don't!

",theimperativeparticleá+thenegation-va;theformávaiscombinedwithaformoftheverbsimilartotheinfinitivetoexpressanegativecommand（e.g.ávacarë"don'tdo[it]!

"）

¤cainen,cardinal"ten"

¤caita-,verb"lie"（liehorizontally,not"tellalie"）

¤cala,noun"light"

¤calima,adjective"bright"

¤canta,cardinal"four";cantëa,ordinal"fourth"

¤cap-,verb"tojump"

¤car-,verb"tomake,todo"

¤carnë,adjective"red"（alsopasttenseoftheverbcar-）

¤cen-verb"tosee"

¤cenda-,verb"toread"

¤cilya,noun"cleft,gorge"

¤cirya,noun"ship"

¤coa,noun"house"

¤ëa,verb"is"="exists",pasttenseengë,futuretenseperhapseuva

¤ehtë（perhapswithstemehti-）,noun"spear"

¤Elda,noun"Elf"

¤elen,noun"star"

¤elmë,emphaticpronoun"we",exclusive.（Theformelmëisnotdirectlyattestedinpublishedmaterial,butisextrapolatedfromthecorrespondingending-lmë.Thisemphaticpronounforexclusive"we"isattestedasemmë,buttherelevanttextswerewrittenbeforeTolkienchangedthecorrespondingendingfrom-mmëto-lmë.）

¤elyë,emphaticpronoun"you,thou"

¤elvë,emphaticpronoun"we",inclusive.（Theformelvëisnotdirectlyattestedinpublishedmaterial,butisextrapolatedfromthecorrespondingending-lvë.）

¤engë,seeëa

¤engwë,noun"thing"

¤enquë,cardinal"six";enquëa,ordinal"sixth"

¤enta,demonstrative"that[yonder]","[theone]overthere"（oftimereferringtosomefutureentity）

¤envinyata-,verb"torenew"

¤equë,verb"say（s）,said"（tenselessverbintroducingquotations）

¤et,preposition"out,forth"（whenfollowedbyablative:

"outof"）

¤?

euva,seeëa

¤farya-,verb"tosuffice,tobeenough",pasttensefarnë

¤fir-,verb"todie,toexpire"

¤firin,adjective"dead"（nottobeconfusedwithfirin"Idie",the1stpersonaoristoftheverbfir-）

¤Formen,noun"（the）North"（apparentlytreatedasapropername）

¤forya,adjective"right"（ofdirection）

¤haira,adjective"far,remote"

¤halla,adjective"tall"

¤harma,noun"treasure"

¤harna-,verb"towound"

¤harya-,verb"topossess,have"

¤hen（hend-）,noun"eye"

¤hir-,verb"find"

¤hlar-,verb"tohear"

¤hosta-,verb"toassemble,gather"

¤hrávë,noun"flesh"

¤hrívë,noun"winter"

¤hroa,noun"body"

¤Hyarmen,noun"（the）South"（apparentlytreatedasapropername）

¤hyarya,adjective"left"（not"leftbehind",buttheoppositeof"right"）

¤i,1）article"the";2）relativepronoun"who,which"

¤ilya,noun/adjective"all,every".Beforeasingularnoun,ilyameans"every",e.g.ilyaElda"everyElf",butilyaoccurringbyitselfwouldrathermean"all".Beforeapluralnoun,ilyaalsosignifies"all";inthispositionitisinflectedlikeanadjective,thusassumingtheformilyë,e.g.ilyëtier"allpaths"（Namárië）

¤imbë,preposition"between"

¤inyë,emphaticpronoun"I"

¤írë,conjunction"when"（notinterrogative）

¤Isil,noun"（the）Moon"（apparentlytreatedasapropername）

¤ista-,verb"toknow",irregularpasttensesintë.Beforeaninfinitive,thisverbisusedfor"can,isable"inthesenseof"knows[how]to".

¤lá,1）negation"not",2）preposition"beyond",alsousedincomparison

¤laita-,verb"tobless,praise"

¤lala-,verb"tolaugh"

¤laman（lamn-）,noun"animal"（thestem-formmayalsosimplybelaman-）

¤lambë"tongue"（=language;"tongue"asabody-partislamba）

¤lanta-,verb"tofall"

¤le,independentpronoun"you",probablyunchangedwhenusedasobject.（InsomeversionsofQuenya,lecoversbothsingularandplural"you",butTolkienmayalsohaveintroducedlyeasadistinctlysingularform,presumablyleavingledistinctlyplural.）

¤lelya-,verb"togo,proceed,travel",irregularpasttenselendë,perfect[e]lendië

¤lempë,cardinal"five";lempëa,ordinal"fifth"

¤lendë,pasttenseoflelya,q.v.

¤lerta-,verb"can,beable"inthesenseof"beallowedto"（Englishoftenuses"may"inthissense）

¤lerya-,verb"torelease,（set）free,letgo"

¤lië,noun"people"（ethnicgrouporrace）

¤limpë,noun"wine"（withinTolkien'smythosalsosomespecialdrinkoftheElvesoroftheValar）

¤linda-,verb"tosing"

¤linta,adjective"swift"（onlyattestedinpluralform:

lintë）

¤lómë（lómi-）,noun"night"

¤ma,possibleinterrogativeparticle

¤má,noun"hand"

¤macil,noun"sword"

¤mahta-,verb"tofight"

¤mal,conjunction"but"

¤mallë,noun"road,street"

¤malta,noun"gold"

¤man,interrogativepronoun"who?

"

¤mana,interrogativepronoun"what?

"（accordingtooneinterpretationofthesentenceinwhichthiswordoccurs）

¤manen,interrogative"how?

"

¤mapa-,verb"tograsp,seize"

¤mar-,verb"todwell,abide";to"live"somewhereinthesenseofdwellingthere

¤mára,adjective"good"（inthesenseof"fit,useful",notofmoralqualities）

¤mat-,verb"toeat"

¤me,independentpronoun"we"（exclusive,cf.theending-lmë）,probablyunchangedwhenusedasobject"us".Oftenoccurringwithcaseendings（e.g.dativemen"forus"）.

¤mel-,verb"tolove"（asfriend）

¤Menel,noun"thefirmament,sky,heaven,theheavens"（apparentlytreatedasapropername）

¤menta-,verb"tosend"

¤mer-,verb"towish,want"

¤metya-,verb"toend"="putanendto"

¤mindon,noun"（great）tower"

¤minë,cardinal"one";minya,ordinal"first"

¤minquë,cardinal"eleven"

¤minya,ordinal"first"（cf.minë）

¤mir,preposition"into"

¤mól,noun"thrall,slave"

¤morë,adjective"black"

¤mornië,noun"darkness"

¤muilë,noun"secrecy"

¤ná,verb"is"（nar"are"）,futuretensenauva"willbe";seealsoné.

¤namba,noun"hammer"

¤Nauco,noun"Dwarf"

¤nauva,seená

¤néhasbeenhintedtobethepasttenseofná"is",hence"was"

¤neldë,cardinal"three";nelya（lateralsoneldëa）,ordinal"third"

¤nér（ner-）,noun"man"（adultmaleofanysentientrace）

¤nertë,cardinal"nine";nertëa,ordinal"ninth"

¤ni,independentpronoun"I",oftenoccurringwithcaseendings（e.g.dativenin"forme"）.Objectformnye"me"

¤nilmë,noun"friendship"

¤ninquë,adjective"white"

¤nís（niss-）"woman"（adultfemaleofanysentientrace）

¤noa,noun"idea"

¤nómë,noun"place"

¤nórë,noun"land"（associatedwithaparticularpeople）

¤nu,preposition"under"

¤nulda,adjective"secret"

¤Númen,noun"（the）West"（apparentlytreatedasapropername）

¤núra,adjective"deep"

¤nurta-,verb"tohide"

¤nye,objectpronoun"me"（cf.ni）

¤oantë,oantië,pastandperfectformsofauta,q.v.

¤ohtar,noun"warrior"

¤óla-,impersonalverb"todream"

¤ondo,noun"stone"（asmaterial）;alsoused="（a）rock"

¤or-（alsoora-）,impersonalverb"tourge,toimpel"（usedwithadativeformtoexpress"[someone]feelsmoved[todosomething]"）.

¤or,preposition"over,above"

¤oron（oront-）,noun"mountain"

¤orta-,verb"torise",alsousedtransitively:

"toraise,liftup"

¤osto,noun"（fortified）city"（usedinthissensethroughoutthiscourse,butthewordmayalsorefertoanactualfortress）

¤otso,cardinal"seven";otsëa,ordinal"seventh"

¤palu-,verb"toexpand"

¤parma,noun"book"

¤pé,noun"lip",nominativedualpeu

¤pella,postposition"beyond"

¤pol-"tobe（physically）ableto",normallytranslated"can"（referringtophysicalability:

not"can"meaning"knowhowto",whichisratherista-,or"can"meaning"may"="ispermittedto",whichisratherlerta-）

¤polda,adjective"（physically）strong,burly"

¤pusta-,verb"tostop"

¤quainëa,ordinal"tenth"（accordingtoonelatesource;presupposesanotherwordt