QuenyaEnglish Vocabulary.docx
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QuenyaEnglishVocabulary
QUENYAVOCABULARY
Theselists,Quenya-EnglishandEnglish-Quenya,coverthevocabularyusedintheexercisesofLessons2-20ofthiscourse,exceptforafewpropernames.(Wordsthatoccurinthemaintextofthelessons,butthatarenotusedintheexercises,areexcluded.ThewordsoccurringintheexercisesofLessonOnearealsoexcluded,sincetheirmeaningsareirrelevantfortheexercises.)Noticethatallwordsareherelistedintheirmostbasicform;theactualtextoftheexerciseswouldoftenemployorrequiremorecomplexinflectedorderivativeforms.NoinflectionalendingsareincludedintheQuenya-Englishlist,butpronominalendingsareincludedintheEnglish-Quenyalistbelow.–FormoreextensiveQuenyawordlists,seewww.A
QUENYA-ENGLISHLIST
¤á(varianta),imperativeparticle,combinedwithaformoftheverbsimilartotheinfinitive(e.g.ácarë!
"do!
")
¤airita-,verb"tohallow"(pasttenseairitánë)
¤aiwë,noun"bird"(primarilyreferringtosmallbirds)
¤alassë,noun"joy"
¤alda,noun"tree"
¤alta,adjective"great"(=big,referringtophysicalsizeonly)
¤alya,adjective"rich"
¤Ambar,noun"(the)world"(apparentlytreatedasapropername)
¤ambo,noun"hill"
¤an,conjunctionandpreposition"for"(onlyusedasconjunctioninthiscourse)
¤an-,superlativeprefix
¤Anar,noun"(the)Sun"(apparentlytreatedasapropername)
¤ando,noun"gate"
¤ango(angu-),noun"snake"
¤anna,noun"gift"
¤anta-verb"togive",irregularpasttenseánë(thoughtheregularform?
antanëisperhapsalsopossible)
¤anto,noun"mouth"
¤anwa,adjective"real,actual,true"
¤apa,preposition"after"
¤ar,conjunction"and"
¤aran,noun"king"
¤arwa,adjective"possessing","incontrolof","having",followedbygenitive
¤Atan,noun"Man"(generic:
MortalMan,"human"asopposedtoElf;contrastthenon-generictermnér)
¤atta,cardinal"two";attëa,ordinal"second"(replacingoldertatya,atya)
¤aurë,noun"day"(thedaylightperiod,notafull24-hourcycle)
¤auta-"toleave,togo/passaway",pasttenseoantëandperfectoantiëaboutphysicallyleavingoneplaceandgoingtoanother,butpasttensevánëandperfectavánieraboutdisappearingordyingoff.
¤áva"don't!
",theimperativeparticleá+thenegation-va;theformávaiscombinedwithaformoftheverbsimilartotheinfinitivetoexpressanegativecommand(e.g.ávacarë"don'tdo[it]!
")
¤cainen,cardinal"ten"
¤caita-,verb"lie"(liehorizontally,not"tellalie")
¤cala,noun"light"
¤calima,adjective"bright"
¤canta,cardinal"four";cantëa,ordinal"fourth"
¤cap-,verb"tojump"
¤car-,verb"tomake,todo"
¤carnë,adjective"red"(alsopasttenseoftheverbcar-)
¤cen-verb"tosee"
¤cenda-,verb"toread"
¤cilya,noun"cleft,gorge"
¤cirya,noun"ship"
¤coa,noun"house"
¤ëa,verb"is"="exists",pasttenseengë,futuretenseperhapseuva
¤ehtë(perhapswithstemehti-),noun"spear"
¤Elda,noun"Elf"
¤elen,noun"star"
¤elmë,emphaticpronoun"we",exclusive.(Theformelmëisnotdirectlyattestedinpublishedmaterial,butisextrapolatedfromthecorrespondingending-lmë.Thisemphaticpronounforexclusive"we"isattestedasemmë,buttherelevanttextswerewrittenbeforeTolkienchangedthecorrespondingendingfrom-mmëto-lmë.)
¤elyë,emphaticpronoun"you,thou"
¤elvë,emphaticpronoun"we",inclusive.(Theformelvëisnotdirectlyattestedinpublishedmaterial,butisextrapolatedfromthecorrespondingending-lvë.)
¤engë,seeëa
¤engwë,noun"thing"
¤enquë,cardinal"six";enquëa,ordinal"sixth"
¤enta,demonstrative"that[yonder]","[theone]overthere"(oftimereferringtosomefutureentity)
¤envinyata-,verb"torenew"
¤equë,verb"say(s),said"(tenselessverbintroducingquotations)
¤et,preposition"out,forth"(whenfollowedbyablative:
"outof")
¤?
euva,seeëa
¤farya-,verb"tosuffice,tobeenough",pasttensefarnë
¤fir-,verb"todie,toexpire"
¤firin,adjective"dead"(nottobeconfusedwithfirin"Idie",the1stpersonaoristoftheverbfir-)
¤Formen,noun"(the)North"(apparentlytreatedasapropername)
¤forya,adjective"right"(ofdirection)
¤haira,adjective"far,remote"
¤halla,adjective"tall"
¤harma,noun"treasure"
¤harna-,verb"towound"
¤harya-,verb"topossess,have"
¤hen(hend-),noun"eye"
¤hir-,verb"find"
¤hlar-,verb"tohear"
¤hosta-,verb"toassemble,gather"
¤hrávë,noun"flesh"
¤hrívë,noun"winter"
¤hroa,noun"body"
¤Hyarmen,noun"(the)South"(apparentlytreatedasapropername)
¤hyarya,adjective"left"(not"leftbehind",buttheoppositeof"right")
¤i,1)article"the";2)relativepronoun"who,which"
¤ilya,noun/adjective"all,every".Beforeasingularnoun,ilyameans"every",e.g.ilyaElda"everyElf",butilyaoccurringbyitselfwouldrathermean"all".Beforeapluralnoun,ilyaalsosignifies"all";inthispositionitisinflectedlikeanadjective,thusassumingtheformilyë,e.g.ilyëtier"allpaths"(Namárië)
¤imbë,preposition"between"
¤inyë,emphaticpronoun"I"
¤írë,conjunction"when"(notinterrogative)
¤Isil,noun"(the)Moon"(apparentlytreatedasapropername)
¤ista-,verb"toknow",irregularpasttensesintë.Beforeaninfinitive,thisverbisusedfor"can,isable"inthesenseof"knows[how]to".
¤lá,1)negation"not",2)preposition"beyond",alsousedincomparison
¤laita-,verb"tobless,praise"
¤lala-,verb"tolaugh"
¤laman(lamn-),noun"animal"(thestem-formmayalsosimplybelaman-)
¤lambë"tongue"(=language;"tongue"asabody-partislamba)
¤lanta-,verb"tofall"
¤le,independentpronoun"you",probablyunchangedwhenusedasobject.(InsomeversionsofQuenya,lecoversbothsingularandplural"you",butTolkienmayalsohaveintroducedlyeasadistinctlysingularform,presumablyleavingledistinctlyplural.)
¤lelya-,verb"togo,proceed,travel",irregularpasttenselendë,perfect[e]lendië
¤lempë,cardinal"five";lempëa,ordinal"fifth"
¤lendë,pasttenseoflelya,q.v.
¤lerta-,verb"can,beable"inthesenseof"beallowedto"(Englishoftenuses"may"inthissense)
¤lerya-,verb"torelease,(set)free,letgo"
¤lië,noun"people"(ethnicgrouporrace)
¤limpë,noun"wine"(withinTolkien'smythosalsosomespecialdrinkoftheElvesoroftheValar)
¤linda-,verb"tosing"
¤linta,adjective"swift"(onlyattestedinpluralform:
lintë)
¤lómë(lómi-),noun"night"
¤ma,possibleinterrogativeparticle
¤má,noun"hand"
¤macil,noun"sword"
¤mahta-,verb"tofight"
¤mal,conjunction"but"
¤mallë,noun"road,street"
¤malta,noun"gold"
¤man,interrogativepronoun"who?
"
¤mana,interrogativepronoun"what?
"(accordingtooneinterpretationofthesentenceinwhichthiswordoccurs)
¤manen,interrogative"how?
"
¤mapa-,verb"tograsp,seize"
¤mar-,verb"todwell,abide";to"live"somewhereinthesenseofdwellingthere
¤mára,adjective"good"(inthesenseof"fit,useful",notofmoralqualities)
¤mat-,verb"toeat"
¤me,independentpronoun"we"(exclusive,cf.theending-lmë),probablyunchangedwhenusedasobject"us".Oftenoccurringwithcaseendings(e.g.dativemen"forus").
¤mel-,verb"tolove"(asfriend)
¤Menel,noun"thefirmament,sky,heaven,theheavens"(apparentlytreatedasapropername)
¤menta-,verb"tosend"
¤mer-,verb"towish,want"
¤metya-,verb"toend"="putanendto"
¤mindon,noun"(great)tower"
¤minë,cardinal"one";minya,ordinal"first"
¤minquë,cardinal"eleven"
¤minya,ordinal"first"(cf.minë)
¤mir,preposition"into"
¤mól,noun"thrall,slave"
¤morë,adjective"black"
¤mornië,noun"darkness"
¤muilë,noun"secrecy"
¤ná,verb"is"(nar"are"),futuretensenauva"willbe";seealsoné.
¤namba,noun"hammer"
¤Nauco,noun"Dwarf"
¤nauva,seená
¤néhasbeenhintedtobethepasttenseofná"is",hence"was"
¤neldë,cardinal"three";nelya(lateralsoneldëa),ordinal"third"
¤nér(ner-),noun"man"(adultmaleofanysentientrace)
¤nertë,cardinal"nine";nertëa,ordinal"ninth"
¤ni,independentpronoun"I",oftenoccurringwithcaseendings(e.g.dativenin"forme").Objectformnye"me"
¤nilmë,noun"friendship"
¤ninquë,adjective"white"
¤nís(niss-)"woman"(adultfemaleofanysentientrace)
¤noa,noun"idea"
¤nómë,noun"place"
¤nórë,noun"land"(associatedwithaparticularpeople)
¤nu,preposition"under"
¤nulda,adjective"secret"
¤Númen,noun"(the)West"(apparentlytreatedasapropername)
¤núra,adjective"deep"
¤nurta-,verb"tohide"
¤nye,objectpronoun"me"(cf.ni)
¤oantë,oantië,pastandperfectformsofauta,q.v.
¤ohtar,noun"warrior"
¤óla-,impersonalverb"todream"
¤ondo,noun"stone"(asmaterial);alsoused="(a)rock"
¤or-(alsoora-),impersonalverb"tourge,toimpel"(usedwithadativeformtoexpress"[someone]feelsmoved[todosomething]").
¤or,preposition"over,above"
¤oron(oront-),noun"mountain"
¤orta-,verb"torise",alsousedtransitively:
"toraise,liftup"
¤osto,noun"(fortified)city"(usedinthissensethroughoutthiscourse,butthewordmayalsorefertoanactualfortress)
¤otso,cardinal"seven";otsëa,ordinal"seventh"
¤palu-,verb"toexpand"
¤parma,noun"book"
¤pé,noun"lip",nominativedualpeu
¤pella,postposition"beyond"
¤pol-"tobe(physically)ableto",normallytranslated"can"(referringtophysicalability:
not"can"meaning"knowhowto",whichisratherista-,or"can"meaning"may"="ispermittedto",whichisratherlerta-)
¤polda,adjective"(physically)strong,burly"
¤pusta-,verb"tostop"
¤quainëa,ordinal"tenth"(accordingtoonelatesource;presupposesanotherwordt