QuenyaEnglish Vocabulary.docx

1、QuenyaEnglish VocabularyQUENYA VOCABULARYThese lists, Quenya-English and English-Quenya, cover the vocabulary used in the exercises of Lessons 2-20 of this course, except for a few proper names. (Words that occur in the main text of the lessons, but that are not used in the exercises, are excluded.

2、The words occurring in the exercises of Lesson One are also excluded, since their meanings are irrelevant for the exercises.) Notice that all words are here listed in their most basic form; the actual text of the exercises would often employ or require more complex inflected or derivative forms. No

3、inflectional endings are included in the Quenya-English list, but pronominal endings are included in the English-Quenya list below. For more extensive Quenya wordlists, see www.AQUENYA-ENGLISH LIST (variant a), imperative particle, combined with a form of the verb similar to the infinitive (e.g. car

4、! do!) airita-, verb to hallow (past tense airitn) aiw, noun bird (primarily referring to small birds) alass, noun joy alda, noun tree alta, adjective great (= big, referring to physical size only) alya, adjective rich Ambar, noun (the) world (apparently treated as a proper name) ambo, noun hill an,

5、 conjunction and preposition for (only used as conjunction in this course) an-, superlative prefix Anar, noun (the) Sun (apparently treated as a proper name) ando, noun gate ango (angu-), noun snake anna, noun gift anta- verb to give, irregular past tense n (though the regular form ?antan is perhaps

6、 also possible) anto, noun mouth anwa, adjective real, actual, true apa, preposition after ar, conjunction and aran, noun king arwa, adjective possessing, in control of, having, followed by genitive Atan, noun Man (generic: Mortal Man, human as opposed to Elf; contrast the non-generic term nr) atta,

7、 cardinal two; atta, ordinal second (replacing older tatya, atya) aur, noun day (the daylight period, not a full 24-hour cycle) auta- to leave, to go/pass away, past tense oant and perfect oanti about physically leaving one place and going to another, but past tense vn and perfect avnier about disap

8、pearing or dying off. va dont!, the imperative particle + the negation -va; the form va is combined with a form of the verb similar to the infinitive to express a negative command (e.g. va car dont do it!) cainen, cardinal ten caita-, verb lie (lie horizontally, not tell a lie) cala, noun light cali

9、ma, adjective bright canta, cardinal four; canta, ordinal fourth cap-, verb to jump car-, verb to make, to do carn, adjective red (also past tense of the verb car-) cen- verb to see cenda-, verb to read cilya, noun cleft, gorge cirya, noun ship coa, noun house a, verb is = exists, past tense eng, fu

10、ture tense perhaps euva eht (perhaps with stem ehti-), noun spear Elda, noun Elf elen, noun star elm, emphatic pronoun we, exclusive. (The form elm is not directly attested in published material, but is extrapolated from the corresponding ending -lm. This emphatic pronoun for exclusive we is atteste

11、d as emm, but the relevant texts were written before Tolkien changed the corresponding ending from -mm to -lm.) ely, emphatic pronoun you, thou elv, emphatic pronoun we, inclusive. (The form elv is not directly attested in published material, but is extrapolated from the corresponding ending -lv.) e

12、ng, see a engw, noun thing enqu, cardinal six; enqua, ordinal sixth enta, demonstrative that yonder, the one over there (of time referring to some future entity) envinyata-, verb to renew equ, verb say(s), said (tenseless verb introducing quotations) et, preposition out, forth (when followed by abla

13、tive: out of) ?euva, see a farya-, verb to suffice, to be enough, past tense farn fir-, verb to die, to expire firin, adjective dead (not to be confused with firin I die, the 1st person aorist of the verb fir-) Formen, noun (the) North (apparently treated as a proper name) forya, adjective right (of

14、 direction) haira, adjective far, remote halla, adjective tall harma, noun treasure harna-, verb to wound harya-, verb to possess, have hen (hend-), noun eye hir-, verb find hlar-, verb to hear hosta-, verb to assemble, gather hrv, noun flesh hrv, noun winter hroa, noun body Hyarmen, noun (the) Sout

15、h (apparently treated as a proper name) hyarya, adjective left (not left behind, but the opposite of right) i, 1) article the; 2) relative pronoun who, which ilya, noun/adjective all, every. Before a singular noun, ilya means every, e.g. ilya Elda every Elf, but ilya occurring by itself would rather

16、 mean all. Before a plural noun, ilya also signifies all; in this position it is inflected like an adjective, thus assuming the form ily, e.g. ily tier all paths (Namri) imb, preposition between iny, emphatic pronoun I r, conjunction when (not interrogative) Isil, noun (the) Moon (apparently treated

17、 as a proper name) ista-, verb to know, irregular past tense sint. Before an infinitive, this verb is used for can, is able in the sense of knows how to. l, 1) negation not, 2) preposition beyond, also used in comparison laita-, verb to bless, praise lala-, verb to laugh laman (lamn-), noun animal (

18、the stem-form may also simply be laman-) lamb tongue (= language; tongue as a body-part is lamba) lanta-, verb to fall le, independent pronoun you, probably unchanged when used as object. (In some versions of Quenya, le covers both singular and plural you, but Tolkien may also have introduced lye as

19、 a distinctly singular form, presumably leaving le distinctly plural.) lelya-, verb to go, proceed, travel, irregular past tense lend, perfect elendi lemp, cardinal five; lempa, ordinal fifth lend, past tense of lelya, q.v. lerta-, verb can, be able in the sense of be allowed to (English often uses

20、may in this sense) lerya-, verb to release, (set) free, let go li, noun people (ethnic group or race) limp, noun wine (within Tolkiens mythos also some special drink of the Elves or of the Valar) linda-, verb to sing linta, adjective swift (only attested in plural form: lint) lm (lmi-), noun night m

21、a, possible interrogative particle m, noun hand macil, noun sword mahta-, verb to fight mal, conjunction but mall, noun road, street malta, noun gold man, interrogative pronoun who? mana, interrogative pronoun what? (according to one interpretation of the sentence in which this word occurs) manen, i

22、nterrogative how? mapa-, verb to grasp, seize mar-, verb to dwell, abide; to live somewhere in the sense of dwelling there mra, adjective good (in the sense of fit, useful, not of moral qualities) mat-, verb to eat me, independent pronoun we (exclusive, cf. the ending -lm), probably unchanged when u

23、sed as object us. Often occurring with case endings (e.g. dative men for us). mel-, verb to love (as friend) Menel, noun the firmament, sky, heaven, the heavens (apparently treated as a proper name) menta-, verb to send mer-, verb to wish, want metya-, verb to end = put an end to mindon, noun (great

24、) tower min, cardinal one; minya, ordinal first minqu, cardinal eleven minya, ordinal first (cf. min) mir, preposition into ml, noun thrall, slave mor, adjective black morni, noun darkness muil, noun secrecy n, verb is (nar are), future tense nauva will be; see also n. namba, noun hammer Nauco, noun

25、 Dwarf nauva, see n n has been hinted to be the past tense of n is, hence was neld, cardinal three; nelya (later also nelda), ordinal third nr (ner-), noun man (adult male of any sentient race) nert, cardinal nine; nerta, ordinal ninth ni, independent pronoun I, often occurring with case endings (e.

26、g. dative nin for me). Object form nye me nilm, noun friendship ninqu, adjective white ns (niss-) woman (adult female of any sentient race) noa, noun idea nm, noun place nr, noun land (associated with a particular people) nu, preposition under nulda, adjective secret Nmen, noun (the) West (apparentl

27、y treated as a proper name) nra, adjective deep nurta-, verb to hide nye, object pronoun me (cf. ni) oant, oanti, past and perfect forms of auta, q.v. ohtar, noun warrior la-, impersonal verb to dream ondo, noun stone (as material); also used = (a) rock or- (also ora-), impersonal verb to urge, to i

28、mpel (used with a dative form to express someone feels moved to do something). or, preposition over, above oron (oront-), noun mountain orta-, verb to rise, also used transitively: to raise, lift up osto, noun (fortified) city (used in this sense throughout this course, but the word may also refer t

29、o an actual fortress) otso, cardinal seven; otsa, ordinal seventh palu-, verb to expand parma, noun book p, noun lip, nominative dual peu pella, postposition beyond pol- to be (physically) able to, normally translated can (referring to physical ability: not can meaning know how to, which is rather ista-, or can meaning may = is permitted to, which is rather lerta-) polda, adjective (physically) strong, burly pusta-, verb to stop quaina, ordinal tenth (according to one late source; presupposes another word t