高考英语社会生活类阅读理解精选试题168页.docx

高考英语社会生活类阅读理解精选试题168页.docx

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高考英语社会生活类阅读理解精选试题168页

2020高考英语社会生活类阅读理解精选试题

答案解析

1.D

Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小学）,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.

Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:

thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:

statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.

Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage（从事）indangerousandriskybehavior.”

Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（调查研究）.“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”

Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.

Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:

Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.

1.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?

A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.

2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theclassificationofthepopular.

B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents

C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.

D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.

3.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?

A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.

B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.

C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.

D.Theyperformedwellacademically.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLast

B.TheHighertheStatus,theBeer

C.BetheBest—YouCanMakeIt

D.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness

【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。

文章主要讲述了受欢迎度对青少年的影响。

【1题详解】

推理判断题。

根据第一段Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.可知，在美好的小学时光里，作者喜欢分享她的娃娃和笑话，由此推断出，作者在早年的小学时期是一个慷慨的女孩。

A.Unkind不友善的；B.Lonely寂寞的；C.Generous慷慨的；D.Cool冷静的。

故选C。

【2题详解】

主旨大意题。

第二段MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:

thelikableandthestatusseekers.（临床心理学教授MitchPrinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:

讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。

）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对thelikable和thestatusseekers做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。

根据第四段Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment（它清楚地表明，讨人喜欢可以促使健全的调整）推断出，心理学教授MitchPrinstein的研究表明，讨人喜欢的孩子适应性更强，故选B。

【4题详解】

主旨大意题。

通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎度对青少年的影响，讨人喜欢对青少年成长都有深远的有益影响。

与选项A“友善一点——你将不会排在最后（你不会完蛋/你会笑到最后）”一致，故选A。

2.C

MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?

Noneofyourbusiness!

LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.

Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf（53percent）havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf（46percent）havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.

“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?

”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.

Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction（交流）.“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”

Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn’tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.

5.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?

A.Foodvariety.

B.Eatinghabits.

C.Tablemanners.

D.Restaurantservice.

6.WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?

A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers.

B.Tocatchupwithherwork.

C.Tohavesometimeonherown.

D.Tocollectdataforherreport.

7.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?

A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.

B.He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.

C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.

D.He’sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.

8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.

B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.

C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.

D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.

【答案】5.B6.C7.D8.A

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。

据一份报告显示，越来越多的美国人喜欢独自用餐，并通过两个实例加以说明，文章总结了人们喜欢独自用餐的原因。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。

根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。

根据第三段Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself.可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。

根据第四段helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction.可知，Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里安静查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。

【8题详解】

主旨大意题。

本文通过一份调查结果显示美国人喜欢独自用餐的趋势，并总结了人们选择独自用餐的原因，故选A。

3.B

Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”

Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic（社会经济的）backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip（片段）showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.

“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost.”Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.

Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.

“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,”hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”

9.Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inparagraph1mean?

A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.

B.Moneynotlegallymade.

C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.

D.Moneynottiedtogether.

10.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?

A.Womentendedtobemoresociable.

B.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.

C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.

D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.

11.WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?

A.Todoatestonpeople’smorals.

B.Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.

C.Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.

D.Topromotekindnessandsympathy.

【答案】9.C10.B11.D

【解析】

这是一篇新闻报道。

短文报道了上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站，一块牌子上用别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。

这样的活动吸引了各种各样的人，组织者希望通过这样的活动来提倡仁慈和同情。

【9题详解】

词义猜测题。

根据第一段中ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”可知，但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站，一块牌子上用别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。

所以通过下文的语境，判断出第1段中的moneywithnostringsattached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。

故C项正确。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。

根据第二段照片没给“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic（社会经济的）backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”可知，发起该项活动的泰勒·布里奇斯说：

“所有年龄、种族和社会经济背景的人都会付出和索取。

”甚至有一位穿着婚纱的新娘来到了牌子前，拿走了一些钱。

所以泰勒·布里奇斯提到新娘是想说明这项活动吸引了各种各样的人。

故B项正确。

【11题详解】

细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.可知，尽管这段