21新高考地区高考英语北师大通用一轮复习课后达标检测nit 21 Hman Biology 含答案.docx

21新高考地区高考英语北师大通用一轮复习课后达标检测nit 21 Hman Biology 含答案.docx

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21新高考地区高考英语北师大通用一轮复习课后达标检测nit21HmanBiology含答案

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

（2020·济南模拟）Wehumanslovetostareintooursmartdevices.Wegazeforhours—about10hoursand39minutesaday—atourcomputers,smartphones,tabletsandtelevisions.Isallthisstaringbadforus?

Itmightbe,mainlybecauseaswestareatourdevicesweareexposingourselvestobluelight.

Bluelightisatypeofelectromagnetic（电磁的）radiationwithaveryshortwavelengththatproducesahighamountofenergy.Whileit’struethatlightcandamageoureyesundercertaincircumstances,there’snoscientificevidencesuggestingthatbluelightisharmfultooureyes.Butmanypeoplestillthinkitis,whichiswhybluelightblockingglassesaresopopular.Sodotheglasseswork?

“Everyoneisveryconcernedthatbluelightmaybecausingdamagetotheeye,butthere’snoevidencethatitmaybecausingseriousdamage，”Dr.RahulKhurana,clinicalspokesmanfortheAmericanAcademyofOphthalmology,toldBusinessInsider.

Bluelightexposureisnothingnew.Infact,thesunisthelargestsourceofbluelight.Moreover,bluelightisalsopresentinLEDlight.Butifbluelightisn’tharmful,thenwhyareweconstantlyrubbingoureyeswhenwe’relookingatourscreens?

Theansweriseyestrain（眼疲劳）:

Morethan60percentofpeopleexperienceeyeproblemsassociatedwithdigitaleyestrain.Andbluelight,itseems,isn’tthecause.Instead,oureyesaresostrainedbecausemostofusblinklesswhenwestareatourdigitaldevices.Soifeyestrainistheissue,bluelightblockingglassesareprobablyoflittleuse.

【解题导语】　该文主要探讨了蓝光是否对我们的眼睛有害的问题。

1．Whatdoweknowaboutbluelight?

A．Itisakindofnuclearradiation.

B．Ithastheshortestwavelength.

C．Itmaycomefromelectronicdevices.

D．Itconsumesagreatdealofenergy.

C　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第一段最后一句“Itmightbe,mainlybecauseaswestareatourdevicesweareexposingourselvestobluelight.”可推知，电子设备会发出蓝光。

2．Whatcausesthepopularityofbluelightblockingglasses?

A．Evidenceoftheirbenefitstoeyes.

B．Beliefinbluelight’sharmfuleffect.

C．Widespreaduseofsmartdevices.

D．Scientificunderstandingofbluelight.

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“there’snoscientificevidencesuggestingthatbluelightisharmfultooureyes.Butmanypeoplestillthinkitis,whichiswhybluelightblockingglassesaresopopular.”可知，防蓝光眼镜流行的原因是人们认为蓝光会对眼睛有害。

3．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A．Bluelightexposureishardlyavoidable.

B．Eyeproblemsarenoteasytodealwith.

C．Bluelightmayconnectwithtiredeyes.

D．Rubbingeyesmakespeoplestrained.

A　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第四段的前三句“Bluelightexposureisnothingnew.Infact,thesunisthelargestsourceofbluelight.Moreover,bluelightisalsopresentinLEDlight.”可知，阳光是蓝光最大的来源，而且蓝光也存在于LED灯中。

由此可推知，接触蓝光几乎是不可避免的。

4．Accordingtothetext,wearingbluelightblockingglassesmaybe________．

A．tiring　　　　　　　　　B．harmful

C．uselessD．beneficial

C　解析：

细节理解题。

根据最后一段最后一句“Soifeyestrainistheissue,bluelightblockingglassesareprobablyoflittleuse.”可知，戴防蓝光眼镜可能是没有用处的。

B

（2020·郑州摸底测试）

Runningisoftentiringandalotofhardwork,butnothingbeatsthefeelingyougetafterfinishingalongworkoutaroundthetrack.

Butwhileit’slongbeenbelievedthatendorphins（内啡肽）—chemicalsinthebodythatcausehappiness—arebehindthesocalled“runner’shigh”，astudysuggestedthattheremaybemoretothisphenomenonthanwepreviouslyknew.

AccordingtoarecentstudypublishedbyagroupofscientistsfromseveralGermanuniversities,agroupofchemicalscalledendocannabinoids（内源性大麻素）mayactuallyberesponsibleforthisfamiliargreatfeeling.

Totestthistheory,thescientiststurnedtomice.

Bothmiceandhumansreleasehighlevelsofendorphinsandendocannabinoidsafterexercise,alongwithmanyotherchemicals.Afterexercisingonrunningwheels,themiceseemedhappyandrelaxedanddisplayednosignsofanxiety.

Butafterbeinggivenadrugtoblocktheirendorphinstheychanged.However,whentheirendocannabinoidswereblockedwithadifferentdrug,therunner’shighsymptomsseemedtofade.

“Thelongheldnotionofendorphinsbeingresponsiblefortherunner’shighisfalse.Endorphinsareeffectivepainrelievers,butonlywhenitcomestothepaininyourbodyandmusclesyoufeelafterworkingout，”PatrickLucasAustinwroteonascienceblog.

Similarstudiesareyettobecarriedoutonhumans,butit’salreadywellknownthatexerciseisahighlyeffectivewaytogetridofstressoranxiety.

TheUK’sNationalHealthServiceevenprescribes（开药方）exerciseforpatientswhoaresufferingfromdepression.

“Beingdepressedcanleaveyoufeelinglowinenergy,whichmightputyouoffbeingmoreactive.Regularexercisecanboostyourmoodifyouhavedepression,andit’sespeciallyusefulforpeoplewithmildtomoderate（中等的）depression，”itwroteonitswebsite.

Itseemslikenothingcanbeatthatfeelingwegetafteragoodworkout,evenifwedon’tfullyunderstandwhereitcomesfrom.Atleastifwe’refeelingdown,weknowthatallwehavetodoisputonourrunningshoes.

【解题导语】　本文主要探究了影响运动者情绪高涨的因素。

5．WhatdidscientistsfromGermanuniversitiesrecentlydiscover?

A．Workingoutisahighlyeffectivewaytotreatdepression.

B．Therunner’shighcouldbecausedbyendocannabinoids.

C．Endorphinsmaycontributetoone’shighspiritsafterrunning.

D．Thelevelofendorphinsandendocannabinoidscouldaffectone’smood.

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第三段“AccordingtoarecentstudypublishedbyagroupofscientistsfromseveralGermanuniversities,agroupofchemicalscalledendocannabinoids（内源性大麻素）mayactuallyberesponsibleforthisfamiliargreatfeeling.”可知，德国一些大学的科学家们最近发现了跑步者情绪高涨是由内源性大麻素引起的，故选B。

6．Thescientistsgavemicedrugsintheirexperimentto________.

A．findwhatreducestherunner’shighsymptoms

B．seethespecificsymptomsoftherunner’shigh

C．identifywhatisresponsiblefortherunner’shigh

D．testwhatinfluencesthelevelofendocannabinoidsreleased

C　解析：

推理判断题。

根据对第二段和第三段的整体理解，并结合第四段“Totestthistheory,thescientiststurnedtomice.”可推知，科学家们在实验中给老鼠药物是为了确定究竟是哪种物质会引起跑步者的情绪高涨，故选C。

7．Theunderlinedword“notion”inParagraph7hastheclosestmeaningto“________”．

A．effectB．goal

C．questionD．belief

D　解析：

词义猜测题。

根据对全文内容的理解可知，该词所在句子与第二段“Butwhileit’slongbeenbelievedthatendorphins（内啡肽）—chemicalsinthebodythatcausehappiness—arebehindthesocalled‘runner’shigh’，astudysuggestedthattheremaybemoretothisphenomenonthanwepreviouslyknew.”呼应，并结合本句结构可推知，此处notion与believed相呼应，故选D。

8．AccordingtotheUK’sNationalHealthService,regularworkouts________．

A．arethebestwaytotreatdepression

B．canhelpeasedepressionsymptoms

C．onlyworkforthosewithseriousdepression

D．canhelppeoplecompletelyrecoverfromdepression

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据倒数第三、四段和倒数第二段第二句“Regularexercisecanboostyourmoodifyouhavedepression,andit’sespeciallyusefulforpeoplewithmildtomoderate（中等的）depression.”可知，常规锻炼有利于情绪好转及缓解抑郁症状，故选B。

Ⅱ.完形填空

（2020·石家庄重点高中摸底考试）OnmywaybackhomeIwasstoppedattrafficlightsbysomepeoplewhoaskedforhelp.Awoman—inherattempttogive__1__toanambulance—haddrivenhercaroverstonyobstaclesthatseparatedthebikelinefromthestreet,and,asaresult,hadgottenhercar__2__.Shecouldn’tmovethecarinany__3__withoutdamagingit.Acoupleofpeopletriedto__4__thecarbackbuttheobstaclesweretoohigh.Seeingthattheycouldn’tdomuchaboutit,theyleft.Thewomaninthecartriedto__5__someservice,andwastoldthatitwouldtakeabout45minutesforsomeonetogetthere.

Whilewatchingtheotherpeople__6__，IrealizedthewomanwouldbeonherownandIimaginedhow__7__thatwouldbeifIwereinhershoes.Aftersometalking,she__8__metositinsidehercar.

Iwasn’tinahurry,soI__9__myfamilythatIwouldbelaterandthentriedto__10__thewomanwhoseemedtofeelstressedaboutcausingothers__11__.Butactuallyitwasn’ttoomuchtrouble__12__theycouldstillpass,andalsotherewasn’tanythingshecoulddoaboutit__13__.Welaughedand__14__thatallweneededwassometeaforourpicnic.

Finally__15__cameandhelpedherbackonthestreet.She__16__meandaskedformyphonenumbersoshecouldreturnthe__17__，butItoldheritwasokay.Sheseemedtofeelmuch__18__whenwesaidourgoodbyes.Ibelievethatnothavingtofaceadifficultsituation__19__canmakealotof__20__．

【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。

1．A.signalB．way

C．timeD．help

B　解析：

一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。

givewayto...“给……让行”，为固定搭配。

故选B。

2．A.stuckB．broken

C．dirtyD．abandoned

A　解析：

根据下文中的“Shecouldn’tmovethecar”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡（stuck）在那里不能动弹。

3．A.senseB．minute

C．directionD．line

C　解析：

在不损坏车的情况下，无论往哪个方向（direction）都无法移动。

4．A.liftB．hold

C．pullD．drive

A　解析：

根据上文中的“Shecouldn’tmovethecar”以及下文中的“buttheobstaclesweretoohigh”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬（lift）回来。

5．A.offerB．seek

C．refuseD．take

B　解析：

那位女士在车里试图寻求（seek）一些服务。

6．A.shoutB．discuss

C．standD．leave

D　解析：

根据上文中的“Seeingthattheycouldn’tdomuchaboutit,theyleft.”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开（leave）了。

7．A.amazingB．pleasant

C．uneasyD．incredible

C　解析：

根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡在障碍物上，其他人又帮不上忙，作者将心比心，觉得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服（uneasy），与下文中的“thewomanwhoseemedtofeelstressedaboutcausingothers______”呼应。

8．A.forcedB．invited

C．orderedD．allowed

B　解析：

根据语境可推知，那位女士邀请（invited）作者坐进她的车里。

9．A.consultedB．warned

C．advisedD．informed

D　解析：

根据语境及下文中的“Iwouldbelater”可推知，作者是通知（informed）家人一些情况。

10．A.persuadeB．comfort

C．frightenD．satisfy

B　解析：

根据空后的“thewomanwhoseemedtofeelstressedaboutcausingothers______”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图宽慰（comfort）她，这与下文“Welaughedand______thatallweneededwassometeaforourpicnic.”呼应。

11．A.troubleB．disbelief

C．anxietyD．embarrassment

A　解析：

根据下文中的“Butactuallyitwasn’ttoomuchtr