学年上海高三英语二模汇编summary.docx

学年上海高三英语二模汇编summary.docx

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学年上海高三英语二模汇编summary

2019--2020学年高三英语二模概要写作汇编

One【虹口区】

Coco-Cola’sInnovativeSolutiontoPlasticPollution

Plasticpollutionhasbecomeoneofthemostpressingproblemsofthe21stCenturywithplasticwastealmosteverywhere.Itisestimatedthatjustin2016,theworldproducedover320milliontonsofplastic,andthisnumberissettodoubleby2034.

Plasticwasteevenmakesitswayintoouroceanswith8millionpiecesofplasticpollutionperdaypollutingourwatersanddestroyingthehabitatforhundredsofspecies.Itisnowbelievedthattheremaybearound5.25trillionpiecesofplasticintheoceanweighingintotalupto269,000tons.

It’sbeencrystalclearforalongtimethatthesituationishorribleandsomethingneedstobedone,andfast.Luckily,Coca-Colasteppeduptothechallengeandcameupwithoneinnovativeandrathereffectivesolution.ThefirmisreplacingitsplasticwrappinginEuropewithanewpaperboardtechnology.

ThisnewtechiscalledtheKeelClipanditisafirstforthenon-alcoholready-to-drink（NARTD）industry.UsingKeelClips,Coca-ColaaimstoremoveallplasticwrapfromitscanmultipacksinallEuropeanUnionmarketsbytheendof2021.Thefirmisoptimisticthatthemovewillsave2,000tonsofplasticand3,000tonsofCO2annually.

“InnovationisakeyprincipleofoursustainablepackagingworkandtheapplicationofthisfullyrecyclablepaperboardKeelClip™,whichiscomposedofatopboardthatthecansclipintoandacentralcardboard‘keel’--similartoaship’skeel--that stabilizes thepack,isanotherexampleofhowwearedeliveringonourcommitmenttoremoveallunnecessaryandhardtorecyclesingle-useplasticfromourproducts.Wehopethiseco-friendlyinitiativeisaconsciousapproachtodealingwithplasticpollution,”saidJoeFranses,VicePresident,SustainabilityatCocaColaEuropeanPartners.

【参考答案】

Plasticpollutionhasbecomeamajorenvironmentalconcern，whichpollutesmarinewatersanddestroysthehabitatsofspecies.Respondingtoit,Coca-Colasubstitutesanewpaperboardtechnologyforitsplasticwrapping.TherecyclablepaperboardKeelClipisexpectedtodecreaseplasticuseandCO2emissions.ThecaseshowsinnovationbehindCoca-Cola’scommitmenttosustainableeco-friendlypackaging.（56words）

【解析】

1.文章第一段主要讲述塑料污染已经成为21世纪最紧迫的问题之一，几乎无处不在。

2.文章第二段主要讲述塑料垃圾对海洋水域的污染，破坏物种的栖息地。

3.文章第三段主要讲述可口可乐公司想出了一个解决方案，用一种新的纸板技术替代其塑料包装。

4.文章第四段主要讲述可口可乐公司用KeelClip替换其产品的塑料包装每年将节省3000吨塑料，减少2000吨二氧化碳的排放。

5.可口可乐副总裁乔·弗朗斯表示创新是可持续包装工作的关键，也是纸板KeelClip应用的重要原则。

Two【黄浦区】

Doesyourmemoryfailasyouage?

I’m62yearsold.Likemanyofmyfriends,IforgetnamesthatIusedtobeabletorecalleffortlessly.Whenpackingmysuitcaseforatrip,IwalktothebedroomandbythetimeIgetthere,Idon’trememberwhatIcamefor.Andyetmylong-termmemoriesareperfect.Irememberthenamesofmythird-gradeclassmates,thefirstrecordalbumIbought,myweddingday.

Thisiswidelyunderstoodtobeaclassicproblemofaging.Buttheproblemisnotnecessarilyage-related.I’vebeenteachingundergraduatesformyentirecareerandIcanprovethateven20-year-oldsmakeshort-termmemoryerrors—loadsofthem.Theywalkintothewrongclassroom;theyshowuptoexamswithouttherequiredNo.2pencil;theyforgetsomethingIjustsaidtwominutesbefore.Thesearesimilartothekindsofthings70-year-oldsdo.

Therelevantdifferenceisnotagebutratherhowwedescribetheseevents,thestorieswetellourselvesaboutthem.Twenty-year-oldsdon’tthink,“Ohdear,thismustbeearly-onsetAlzheimer’s（早老性痴呆症）.”Theythink,“Ireallyneedtogetmorethanfourhoursofsleep.”The70-year-oldsobservethesesameeventsandworryabouttheirbrainhealth.Thisistosaythateveryerrorofshort-termmemorydoesn’tnecessarilyindicateabiologicaldisorder.

Sohowdoweaccountforoursubjectiveexperiencethatolderadultsseemtosearchforwordsandnameswithdifficulty?

First,thereisageneralizedcognitive（认知的）slowingwithage—butgivenalittlemoretime,olderadultsperformjustfine.Second,olderadultshavetosearchthroughmorememoriesthanyoungeradultstofindthefactorpieceofinformationthey’relookingfor.Yourbrainbecomescrowdedwithmemoriesandinformation.It’snotthatyoucan’tremember—youcan—it’sjustthatthereissomuchmoreinformationtosortthrough.

【参考答案】

Theauthorthinksthatshort-termmemoryfailure,whichbotholdandyoungsufferfrom,isn’tnecessarilyage-related,thoughdifferentagegroupsfinddifferentreasonsforit.Theoldseemtohaveapoorershort-termmemorybecauseofnaturalcognitiveslowingandtoomuchinformationtosearchfor.（47words）

【解析】

本文主要通过作者自身的感受，论述了变老过程中一个非常明显的现象——遗忘。

虽然老年和青年都会面临这个问题，但是不同的年龄层对此的解释却不同。

最后作者解释了老年人为什么会出现更糟糕的记忆问题。

Three【浦东新区】

Britain’sBusesareGettingEmptier

InBritain,busesaccountformorepublic-transporttripsthantrains,tubesandtramsputtogether.Peoplelovethem,intheory:

onepollbyTransportFocus,aconsumergroup,foundthat74%ofyoungpeoplethinktheyareagoodwayofgettingaroundand85%believeitisimportantforaplacetohaveagoodbusservice.Thereisjustoneproblem.Inpractice,Britionsaretakingbuseslessandless.

WhyareLondonbusesemptier?

Onethingthathaschangedisyoungpeople’sbehavior.Theyoungareheavybususerswhentheytravel.But,increasingly,theydonottravel.AccordingtoTransportforLondon,theaverage17-to24-year-oldtook2.3transporttripsperdayintheyear2011-12butonly1.7in2018-19.TheNationalTravelSurveyconfirmsthatnogrouphascutbackharderontravelsincetheearly2000sthanteenagers.Youngpeoplearemorediligentthesedays,andstayinschoolforlonger.Theycandothethingsthatyoungpeoplelovetodoontheirphones,withoutgoingout.

Theotherbigbususersarethepoorandtheold,especiallyoutsideLondon,butbothareturningawayfrombusestocars.Lowerlendingstandardshavemadecarseasiertoacquire;afuel-taxfreezeandfuel-savingenginesmakethemcheapertorun.Carsareevermorecomfortableandeasiertooperate,withparking-assisttechnologyandlane-driftingalertstohelpstarters.OutsideLondon,theaveragefreebuspasswasused90timesintheyear2010-11butonly74timesin2018-19,accordingtotheDepartmentforTransport.

Finallythereisthegigeconomy（零工经济）.OnlineshoppingandUberprobablysubstituteofbustripsaswellasprivatecarjourneys.Andtheyputnewvehiclesontheroads,whichslowseverythingdown.Thenumberoflight-goodsvehiclesinLondonhasrisenby28%since2012.TonyTraversoftheLondonSchoolofEconomicspointsoutthatbusspeedshavefallenslightlyinthecapital,eventhoughprivatecarshavealmostbeenclearedupfromthecitycenter.TheaverageLondonbusnowtravelsat9.3milesperhour.Justaspeoplebecomelessinclinedtorunafterbuses,theyarebecomingeasiertocatch.

【参考答案】

InBritain,busesarethemostpopulartransportation，butnowadaystheyarebecomingemptier.Thefirstreasonisthatmostpeopletakingbusesaretheyoungandtheydon’ttravelmuchbecauseofthephones.Secondly,thepoorandoldareturningtocarsbecausetheyaremucheasiertoaccess.Finally,peopledon’tneedbusesmuchowingtotheInternet.

【解析】

1.本文的主旨在阐述越来越少的人乘英国公交车的三个原因，需要注意概括主旨和三个要点

2.容易出现的问题是未能抓住文章的主旨大意；缺乏逻辑，文章整体思路混乱。

Four【长宁】

Scottishsummerssettokeepgettingwarmer,studyshows

Cold,wetsummerscouldbecomeathingofthepastinScotland,accordingtoanewstudy.ResearchersfromEdinburghandOxforduniversitiesandtheMetOffice,theUK’sofficialweatherservice,saythatsummertemperaturesof30°Ccouldbecomecommoninthefuturebecauseofclimatechange.

Climatechangeislong-termchangesintheworld’sweatherpatterns,includingrisingtemperatures.Humanactivitiessuchasburningfossilfuels（coal,oilandnaturalgas）,farmingandcuttingdownforestsareamajorcauseofchangingweatherpatternsaroundtheworld.Whenfossilfuelsareburned,forexample,theyreleasegasessuchascarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.Thesegasesarecalledgreenhousegases.Theiremissionscontributetoclimatechange.

Peopleexperiencedhotanddryconditionsduringaheatwaveinthesummerof2018.TheteamfoundthatclimatechangewouldleadtothoseconditionsbecomingmorefrequentinScotland.LeadresearcherProfessorSimonTett,fromEdinburghUniversity,saidthatcarbondioxideemissionshadtobecutaroundtheworldinordertopreventthisfromgettingworse.

Thestudyalsolookedintothedirecteffectsoftheunusualweatherin2018onpeople,animalsandlandscapesinScotland.Amongthesewereathirtypercentincreaseindemandforwater,anincreaseinharmfulinsectssuchasfliesandmosquitoes,andafallintheamountofpeas,potatoes,carrotsandonionsthatwereharvested.Thepopulationsofsometypesofbirdsdeclinedbecauseofalackofwater.Therewasalsodisturbancetotrainsbecauserailswerebentbytheheat.

Tettexplained,“Despiteitscoolclimate,Scotlandmuststarttopreparenowfortheimpactofhightemperatureextremes.Thebottomlineisthatheatwaveshavebecomemorelikelybecauseoftheclimatechangecausedbyhumanactivities.”

【参考答案】

AstudyshowsthatScotlandisexpectedtohavehotteranddriersummersduetoglobalclimatechangeresultingfromharmfulhumanactivitieslikegreenhousegasesemission.Moreover,itrevealsthatthedrynessandhotnessof2018summerdirectlycauseddisastrousconsequencestocreatures,vegetationandtransportationinScotland.Actionsshouldbetakenbeforethingsgetworse（57words）

【解析】

这篇文章讲的是由于温室气体排放等有害人类活动造成的全球气候变化，苏格兰预计将有更炎热和更干燥的夏季。

此外，它揭示了2018年夏天的干燥和炎热直接给苏格兰的生物、植被和交通造成了灾难性的后果。

在事态恶化之前，应该采取行动。