学年上海高三英语二模汇编summary.docx

1、学年上海高三英语二模汇编summary2019-2020学年高三英语二模概要写作汇编One【虹口区】Coco-Colas Innovative Solution to Plastic PollutionPlastic pollution has become one of the most pressing problems of the 21st Century with plastic waste almost everywhere. It is estimated that just in 2016, the world produced over 320 million tons of

2、 plastic, and this number is set to double by 2034.Plastic waste even makes its way into our oceans with 8 million pieces of plastic pollution per day polluting our waters and destroying the habitat for hundreds of species. It is now believed that there may be around 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic

3、in the ocean weighing in total up to 269,000 tons.Its been crystal clear for a long time that the situation is horrible and something needs to be done, and fast. Luckily, Coca-Cola stepped up to the challenge and came up with one innovative and rather effective solution. The firm is replacing its pl

4、astic wrapping in Europe with a new paper board technology.This new tech is called the KeelClip and it is a first for the non-alcohol ready-to-drink (NARTD) industry. Using KeelClips, Coca-Cola aims to remove all plastic wrap from its can multipacks in all European Union markets by the end of 2021.

5、The firm is optimistic that the move will save 2,000 tons of plastic and 3,000 tons of CO2 annually.“Innovation is a key principle of our sustainable packaging work and the application of this fully recyclable paperboard KeelClip, which is composed of a top board that the cans clip into and a centra

6、l cardboard keel - similar to a ships keel - thatstabilizesthe pack, is another example of how we are delivering on our commitment to remove all unnecessary and hard to recycle single-use plastic from our products. We hope this eco-friendly initiative is a conscious approach to dealing with plastic

7、pollution,” said Joe Franses, Vice President, Sustainability at CocaCola European Partners.【参考答案】Plastic pollution has become a major environmental concern，which pollutes marine waters and destroys the habitats of species. Responding to it, Coca-Cola substitutes a new paper board technology for its

8、plastic wrapping. The recyclable paperboard KeelClip is expected to decrease plastic use and CO2 emissions. The case shows innovation behind Coca-Colas commitment to sustainable eco-friendly packaging. (56 words)【解析】1. 文章第一段主要讲述塑料污染已经成为21世纪最紧迫的问题之一，几乎无处不在。2. 文章第二段主要讲述塑料垃圾对海洋水域的污染，破坏物种的栖息地。3. 文章第三段主要

9、讲述可口可乐公司想出了一个解决方案，用一种新的纸板技术替代其塑料包装。4. 文章第四段主要讲述可口可乐公司用KeelClip替换其产品的塑料包装每年将节省3000吨塑料，减少2000吨二氧化碳的排放。5. 可口可乐副总裁乔弗朗斯表示创新是可持续包装工作的关键，也是纸板KeelClip应用的重要原则。Two【黄浦区】Does your memory fail as you age?Im 62 years old. Like many of my friends, I forget names that I used to be able to recall effortlessly. When

10、packing my suitcase for a trip, I walk to the bedroom and by the time I get there, I dont remember what I came for. And yet my long-term memories are perfect. I remember the names of my third-grade classmates, the first record album I bought, my wedding day.This is widely understood to be a classic

11、problem of aging. But the problem is not necessarily age-related. Ive been teaching undergraduates for my entire career and I can prove that even 20-year-olds make short-term memory errors loads of them. They walk into the wrong classroom; they show up to exams without the required No. 2 pencil; the

12、y forget something I just said two minutes before. These are similar to the kinds of things 70-year-olds do.The relevant difference is not age but rather how we describe these events, the stories we tell ourselves about them. Twenty-year-olds dont think, “Oh dear, this must be early-onset Alzheimers

13、（早老性痴呆症）.” They think, “I really need to get more than four hours of sleep.” The 70-year-olds observe these same events and worry about their brain health. This is to say that every error of short-term memory doesnt necessarily indicate a biological disorder.So how do we account for our subjective e

14、xperience that older adults seem to search for words and names with difficulty? First, there is a generalized cognitive（认知的）slowing with age but given a little more time, older adults perform just fine. Second, older adults have to search through more memories than younger adults to find the fact or

15、 piece of information theyre looking for. Your brain becomes crowded with memories and information. Its not that you cant remember you can its just that there is so much more information to sort through. 【参考答案】The author thinks that short-term memory failure, which both old and young suffer from, is

16、nt necessarily age-related, though different age groups find different reasons for it. The old seem to have a poorer short-term memory because of natural cognitive slowing and too much information to search for. (47 words)【解析】本文主要通过作者自身的感受，论述了变老过程中一个非常明显的现象遗忘。虽然老年和青年都会面临这个问题，但是不同的年龄层对此的解释却不同。最后作者解释了

17、老年人为什么会出现更糟糕的记忆问题。Three【浦东新区】Britains Buses are Getting EmptierIn Britain, buses account for more public - transport trips than trains, tubes and trams put together. People love them, in theory: one poll by Transport Focus, a consumer group, found that 74% of young people think they are a good way o

18、f getting around and 85% believe it is important for a place to have a good bus service. There is just one problem. In practice, Britions are taking buses less and less.Why are London buses emptier? One thing that has changed is young peoples behavior. The young are heavy bus users when they travel.

19、 But, increasingly, they do not travel. According to Transport for London, the average 17 - to 24-year-old took 2.3 transport trips per day in the year 2011- 12 but only 1.7 in 2018 - 19. The National Travel Survey confirms that no group has cut back harder on travel since the early 2000s than teena

20、gers. Young people are more diligent these days, and stay in school for longer. They can do the things that young people love to do on their phones, without going out.The other big bus users are the poor and the old, especially outside London, but both are turning away from buses to cars. Lower lend

21、ing standards have made cars easier to acquire; a fuel-tax freeze and fuel-saving engines make them cheaper to run. Cars are ever more comfortable and easier to operate, with parking-assist technology and lane-drifting alerts to help starters. Outside London, the average free bus pass was used 90 ti

22、mes in the year 2010-11 but only 74 times in 2018-19, according to the Department for Transport.Finally there is the gig economy (零工经济). Online shopping and Uber probably substitute of bus trips as well as private car journeys. And they put new vehicles on the roads, which slows everything down. The

23、 number of light-goods vehicles in London has risen by 28% since 2012. Tony Travers of the London School of Economics points out that bus speeds have fallen slightly in the capital, even though private cars have almost been cleared up from the city center. The average London bus now travels at 9.3 m

24、iles per hour. Just as people become less inclined to run after buses, they are becoming easier to catch.【参考答案】In Britain,buses are the most popular transportation，but nowadays they are becoming emptier.The first reason is that most people taking buses are the young and they dont travel much because

25、 of the phones.Secondly,the poor and old are turning to cars because they are much easier to access.Finally,people dont need buses much owing to the Internet.【解析】1. 本文的主旨在阐述越来越少的人乘英国公交车的三个原因，需要注意概括主旨和三个要点2. 容易出现的问题是 未能抓住文章的主旨大意； 缺乏逻辑，文章整体思路混乱。Four【长宁】Scottish summers set to keep getting warmer, stud

26、y showsCold, wet summers could become a thing of the past in Scotland, according to a new study. Researchers from Edinburgh and Oxford universities and the Met Office, the UKs official weather service, say that summer temperatures of 30C could become common in the future because of climate change. C

27、limate change is long-term changes in the worlds weather patterns, including rising temperatures. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), farming and cutting down forests are a major cause of changing weather patterns around the world. When fossil fuels are burned,

28、 for example, they release gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. These gases are called greenhouse gases. Their emissions contribute to climate change.People experienced hot and dry conditions during a heatwave in the summer of 2018. The team found that climate change would lead to those

29、 conditions becoming more frequent in Scotland. Lead researcher Professor Simon Tett, from Edinburgh University, said that carbon dioxide emissions had to be cut around the world in order to prevent this from getting worse.The study also looked into the direct effects of the unusual weather in 2018

30、on people, animals and landscapes in Scotland. Among these were a thirty per cent increase in demand for water, an increase in harmful insects such as flies and mosquitoes, and a fall in the amount of peas, potatoes, carrots and onions that were harvested. The populations of some types of birds decl

31、ined because of a lack of water. There was also disturbance to trains because rails were bent by the heat.Tett explained, “Despite its cool climate, Scotland must start to prepare now for the impact of high temperature extremes. The bottom line is that heatwaves have become more likely because of th

32、e climate change caused by human activities.”【参考答案】A study shows that Scotland is expected to have hotter and drier summers due to global climate change resulting from harmful human activities like greenhouse gases emission. Moreover, it reveals that the dryness and hotness of 2018 summer directly caused disastrous consequences to creatures, vegetation and transportation in Scotland. Actions should be taken before things get worse (57 words)【解析】这篇文章讲的是由于温室气体排放等有害人类活动造成的全球气候变化，苏格兰预计将有更炎热和更干燥的夏季。 此外，它揭示了2018年夏天的干燥和炎热直接给苏格兰的生物、植被和交通造成了灾难性的后果。 在事态恶化之前，应该采取行动。