高考英语专项练习16阅读理解人物传记六年试题精组精析.docx
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高考英语专项练习16阅读理解人物传记六年试题精组精析
2019高考英语专项练习16阅读理解(人物传记)(六年试题精组精析)
【2018高考试题】
【2018山东卷】
B
OneofthegreatestcontributionstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations(引文)showinghowitwasused.
Thiswasahugetask.SoMurraryhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericanSurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas“Broadmoor,Crowthorne,Berkshire,”50milesfromOxford.
MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenextyears,hebecameoneofthestaff’smostvaluedcontributors.
Buthewasalsoamystery.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897,MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabook-linedcellattheBroadmoorAsylumfortheCriminallyinsane.
MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularly,sometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.
In1910,MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.Murraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefriend.
Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.The12volumesdefined414,825words,andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.
61.Accordingtothetext,thefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary_________.
A.cameoutbeforeminordied
B.waseditedbyanAmericanvolunteer
C.includedtheEnglishwordsinventedbyMurray
D.wasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishdictionary
62.HowdidDr.Minorcontributedtothedictionary?
A.HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofvolunteers.
B.Hesentnewspapers,magazinesandbookstoMurray.
C.Heprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandquotations
D.hewenttoEnglandtoworkwithMurray.
63.WhydidDr.MinorrefusetovisitOxford?
A.HewasshutinanasylumB.HelivedfarfromOxford
C.HewasbusywritingabookD.Hedislikedtraveling
64.Prof.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause__________.
A.theybothservedintheCivilWar.
B.Theyhadacommoninterestinwords
C.MinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurray
D.MurraywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitMinor
65.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeDr.Minor?
A.BraveanddeterminedB.Cautiousandfriendly
C.ConsiderateandoptimisticD.Unusualandscholarly
66.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?
A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.
B.ThefriendshipbetweenMurrayandMinor
C.MinorandthefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary
D.BroadmoorAsylumandispatients
62.【答案】C
【解析】根据第三段的第一句话MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray可知答案选C。
【考点定位】考查细节理解。
【2018安徽卷】
C
WhenFridaKahlo'spaintingswereonshowinLondon,apoetdescribedherpaintingsas“aribbon〔丝带〕aroundabomb”.SuchcommentsseemtosuggestKahlohadabiginfluenceontheartworldofhertime.Sadly,sheisactuallyamuchbiggernametodaythanshewasduringhertime.
Bornin1907inavillagenearMexicoCity,Kahlosufferedfrompolio〔小儿麻痹症〕attheageofseven.Herspine〔脊柱〕becomebentasshegrewolder.Then,in1925,herbackwasbrokeninseveralplacesinaschool-busaccident.Throughouttherestofherlife,theartisthadmanyoperations,butnotingwasabletocuretheterriblepaininherback.However,theaccidenthadanunexpectedsideeffect.Whilelyinginherbedrecovering,Kahlotaughtherselftopaint.
In1929,shegotmarriedtoDiegoRivera,anotherfamousMexicanartist.Rivera’sstronginfluencesonKahlo’sstylecanbeseeninherearlyworks,butherlaterworksfromthe1940s,knowntodayasherbestworks,showlessinfluencefromherhusband.
Unfortunately,herworksdidnotattractmuchattentioninthe1930sand1940s,eveninherhomecountry.Herfirstone-womanshowinMexicowasnothelduntil1953.Formorethanadecadeafterherdeathin1954,Kahlo’sworksremainedlargelyunnoticedbytheworld,butinthe1970sherworksbegantogaininternationalfameatlast.
64.Whatdoesthephrase“amuchbiggername”inparagraph1mostnearlymean?
A.afarbetterartistB.aformoregiftedartist
C.amuchstrongerpersonD.amuchmorefamousperson
65.TheterriblepainKahlosufferedwascausedby.
A.polioB.herbentspine
C.backinjuriesD.theoperationsshehad
66.Kahlo’sstylehadbecomeincreasinglyindependentsincethe.
A.1930sB.1940sC.1950sD.1970s
67.Whatisauthor’sattitudetowardKahlo?
A.DevotionB.SympathyC.WorryD.Encouragement
典型的人物传记。
难度一般般。
64D我们可以用better和gifted来描写她,但是文章中说她的主要悲剧是不被大众认识。
65C文章依据就是schoolbusaccident.
66B细节题,直接找到答案
67B推理题,tomb和sadly告诉我们这是一个悲剧,aribbon告诉我们主人公很积极乐观。
【2017高考试题】
1.〔2017·山东卷〕A
ArthurMiller(1915-2005)isuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestdramatistsofthe20thcentury.Miller`sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustriaHungary,drawnlikesomanyothersbythe“GreatAmericanDream”.However,heexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruinedintheGreatDepressionoftheearlyl930s.
Millers'smostfamousplay,DeathofaSalesman,isapowerfulattackontheAmericansystem,withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocialstatusasindicatorsofworth.InWillyLoman,theherooftheplay,weseeamanwhohasgotintotroublewithhisworth.Willyis“burntout”andinthecruelworldofbusinessthereisnoroomforsentiment:
ifhecan'tdothework,thenheisnogoodtohisemployer,theWagnerCompany,andhemustgo.Willyispainfullyawareofthis,andatlossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend.
Whenitwasfirststagedin1949,theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews,anditwontheTonyAwardforBestPlay,theNewYorkDramaCritics`CircleAward,andthePulitzerPrizeforDrama.Itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards.
MillerdiedofheartfailureathishomeinRoxbury,Connecticut,ontheeveningofFebruary10,2005,the56thanniversaryofthefirstperformanceofDeathofaSalesmanonBroadway.
56.WhydidArthurMiller'sfathermovetotheUSA?
A.Hesufferedfromseverehungerinhishomecountry.
B.Hewasattractedbythe"GreatAmericanDream.
C.Hehopedtomakehissonadramatist.
D.Hisfamilybusinessfailed.
57.TheplayDeathofaSalesman
A.exposesthecrueltyoftheAmericanbusinessworld
B.discussesthewaystogetpromotedinacompany
C.talksaboutthebusinesscareerofArthurMiller
D.focusesontheskillsindoingbusiness
58.WhatcanwelearnaboutWillyLoman?
A.Hetreatshisemployerbadly.
B.HerunstheWagnerCompany.
C.HeisavictimoftheAmericansystem.
D.Heisregardedasaherobyhiscolleagues.
59.Afteritwasfirststaged,DeathofaSalesman
A.achievedhugesuccess
B.wonthefirstTonyAward
C.waswarmlywelcomedbysalesmen
D.wasseverelyattackedbydramatists
60.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.ArthurMillerandhisfamily.
B.TheawardsArthurMillerwon.
C.ThehardshipArthurMillerexperienced.
D.ArthurMillerandhisbest-knownplay.
2.〔2017·陕西卷〕B
MostpeopleknowthatMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize,andthefirstpersontowinittwice.However,fewpeopleknowthatshewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.
BorninSeptember,1987,IreneCuriewasthefirstoftheCuries’twodaughters.Alongwithnineotherchildrenwhoseparentswerealsofamousscholars,Irenestudiedintheirownschool,andhermotherwasoneoftheteachers.ShefinishedherhighschooleducationattheCollegeofSévignéinParis.
IreneenteredtheUniversityofParisin1914toprepareforadegreeinmathematicsandphysics.WhenWorldWarIbegan,Irenewenttohelphermother,whowasusingX-rayfacilities〔设备〕tohelpsavethelivesofwoundedsoldiers.IrenecontinuedtheworkbydevelopingX-rayfacilitiesinmilitaryhospitalsinFranceandBelgrum.HerserviceswererecognisedintheformofaMilitary’sMedalbytheFrenchgovernment.
In1918,Irenebecamehermother’sassistantattheCurieInstitute.InDecember1924,FredericJoliotjoinedtheInstitute,andIrenetaughhimthetechniquesrequiredforhiswork.Theysoonfellinloveandweremarriedin1926.TheirdaughterHelenewasbornin1927andtheirsonPierrefiveyearslater.
Likehermother,Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer.Likehermother,IrenewasawardedaNobelPrize,alongwithherhusband,in1935.Unfortunately,alsolikehermother,shedevelopedleukemiabecauseofherworkwithradioactivity〔辐射能〕.IreneJoliot-CuriediedfromleukemiaonMarch17,1956.
49、WhywasIreneCurieawardedaMilitaryMedal?
【B】
A.Becauseshereceivedadegreeinmathematics.
B.Becauseshecontributedtosavingthewounded.
C.BecauseshewontheNobelPrizewithFrederic.
D.Becausesheworkedasahelpertohermother.
50、WheredidIreneCuriemeetherhusbandFrederiojoliot?
【A】
A.AttheCurieInstitute.B.AttheCniversityofParis.
C