高考英语 阅读理解 综合题附详细答案.docx

高考英语 阅读理解 综合题附详细答案.docx

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高考英语阅读理解综合题附详细答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   WhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden,carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Farhappier.

   Thesearethefindingsofa40yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot."Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetence（能力）andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety,"saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist（心理学家）whomadethediscovery."Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem."

   Vaillant'sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen'smentalhealthscoreswiththeirboyhoodactivityscores.Pointswereawardedforparttimejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.

   Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.

   Working—atanyage—isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence—theunderpinnings（基础）ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn'teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,"Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone'swork."

（1）WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?

A. Heenjoyedhiscareerandmarriage.              

B. Hehadfewchildhoodplaymates.

C. Hereceivedlittlelovefromhisfamily.            D. Hewasenviedbyothersinhischildhood.

（2）Vaillant'swordsinParagraph2serveas________.

A. adescriptionofpersonalvaluesandsocialvalues

B. ananalysisofhowworkwasrelatedtocompetence

C. anexampleforparents'expectationsoftheirchildren

D. anexplanationwhysomeboysgrewintohappymen

（3）Vaillant'steamobtainedtheirfindingsby________.

A. recordingtheboys'effortinschool              B. evaluatingthemen'smentalhealth

C. comparingdifferentsetsofscores                

D. measuringthemen'sproblemsolvingability

（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sharp"probablymeaninParagraph4?

A. Quicktoreact.      

B. Havingathinedge.      

C. Clearanddefinite.      

D. Suddenandrapid.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，那些小时候工作过的人比那些没有工作过的人生活得更快乐、更有成效。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.”他的工作满意度更高，婚姻更美满，身体也更健康。

可知，约翰享受他的事业和婚姻，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"’Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetence（能力）andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety，‘saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist（心理学家）whomadethediscovery.’Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.‘"发现这一现象的心理学家Vaillant说:

"在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得了能力，并开始觉得自己是社会中有价值的成员。

""因为他们对自己感觉良好，别人也对他们感觉良好。

"可推知，Vaillant在第二段的话解释了为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen'smentalhealthscoreswiththeirboyhoodactivityscores.”可知Vaillant的研究小组通过比较不同的分数得到了他们的发现，故选C。

（4）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople，fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.”那些在童年时期参加过最多活动的人，与各种各样的人保持亲密关系的可能性是其他人的两倍，获得高薪的可能性是其他人的五倍，失业的不可能性是其他人的16倍。

可知，Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.的意思是男性在孩童时期的行为和成年后的表现之间的联系是惊人的明确。

"sharp"的意思明确，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Thenegative（负面的）healtheffectsofsleepshortagesduringtheweekcan'tbechangedbymarathonweekendsleepsessions,accordingtoanewstudy.

   Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation（缺乏）cancauseweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes.ButtherearestillsomepeoplewhohopethatshuttingoffthealarmonSaturdayandSundaywillrepaytheweeklysleepdebtandremoveanyilleffects.

   Theresearch,publishedinCurrentBiology,ruinsthosehopes.Despitecompletefreedomtosleepinandnapduringaweekendrecoveryperiod,participantsinasleeplaboratorywhowerelimitedtofivehoursofsleeponweekdaysgainednearlythreepoundsovertwoweeksandexperiencedmetabolicdisruption（代谢紊乱）thatwouldincreasetheirriskfordiabetesoverthelongterm.Whileweekendrecoverysleephadsomebenefitsafterasingleweekofinadequatesleep,thosegainswerewipedoutwhenpeoplereturnedrighttotheirsamesleepschedulethenextMonday.

   "Iftherearebenefitsofcatch-upsleep,they'regonewhenyougobacktoyourroutine.It'sveryshort-lived,"saidKennethWright,wholedtheresearch."Thesehealtheffectsarelong-term.It'skindoflikesmokingoncewas—peoplewouldsmokeandwouldn'tseeanimmediateeffectontheirhealth,butpeoplewillsaynowthatsmokingisnotahealthylifestylechoice.Ithinksleepisintheearlystageofwheresmokingusedtobe."

   Wrightsaidthatthestudysuggestspeopleshouldprioritizesleep—cuttingouttheoptional"sleepstealers"suchaswatchingtelevisionshowsorspendingtimeonelectronicequipment.Evenwhenpeopledon'thaveachoiceaboutlosingsleepduetochild-careresponsibilitiesorjobschedules,theyshouldthinkaboutprioritizingsleepinthesamewaytheywouldthinkaboutahealthydietorexercise.

（1）Whathadtheresearchersalreadyknownbeforedoingthenewresearch?

A. Theactualbenefitsofweekendrecoverysleep.

B. Harmtohealthcausedbythelackofroutinesleep.

C. People'shabitofshuttingoffthealarmduringholidays.

D. Therelationshipbetweenbodyweightandsleepamount.

（2）KennethWrightmentionedsmokingto_________.

A. callonsmokerstocompletelyabandonsmoking

B. advisepeopletogotosleepwhentheywanttosmoke

C. showpeoplehaveknowntheharmbroughtbysmoking

D. showpeoplewillsomedaynoticethebadeffectsofsleepdeprivation

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prioritize"probablymean?

A.Havealowopinionofsomething.

B.Increasetheamountofsomething.

C.Cutdownsomethingthatisn'tnecessaryanymore.

D.Treatsomethingasbeingmoreimportantthanothers.

（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WeekendCatch-upSleepIsaLie

B.BadSleepHabitsAreHarmfultoHealth

C.ANewStudyHasanUnexpectedDiscovery

D.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofCatch-upSleep

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过一项研究与对比举例的方法让大家明白周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。

人们应该把睡眠放在优先地位。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation（缺乏）cancauseweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes”研究人员很早就知道长期的睡眠缺乏会导致体重增加和像糖尿病这样的健康风险，可知，人们很早就知道长期睡眠不足会给身体带来的危害。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中KennethWright说的最后两句话可知：

长期睡眠不足给健康造成的危害是长期的，就像曾经的抽烟习惯一样——人们抽烟，没有看到立即的效应，但是现在人们会说抽烟是不健康的生活方式。

睡眠不足就像是早期的抽烟一样。

也就是说作者用这个比喻是想让大家知道终究会有一天人们会注意到睡眠不足带来的坏处。

故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。

划线单词后有一个破折后，起解释说明的作用。

由破折后的句意：

减少不必要的“睡眠小偷”式行为，比如看电视节目或者花时间在电子设备上。

可知，我们需要把睡眠放在优先的地位。

也就是说要把睡眠看的比看电视节目、看电子设备等等这些行为更重要。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段就说明了文章中心。

第一段段意为：

一项发人深省的新研究表明，周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。

也就是说周末的补觉是一个谎言。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Ibecameamagicianbyaccident.WhenIwasnineyearsold,Ilearnedhowtomakeacoindisappear.I'dreadTheLordoftheRingsandriskedcomingintotheadultsectionofthelibrarytosearchforabookofspells（魔法）—ninebeingthatcuriousageatwhichyou'reoldenoughtoworkthroughmorethan1,200pagesofmysteriousfantasyliteraturebutyoungenoughtostillholdouthopethatyoumightfindabookofreal,actualmagicinthelibrary.ThebookIfoundinsteadtaughtbasicsleight-of-hand（戏法）technique,andIdevotedthenextmonthstopractice.

   Initially,themagicwasn'tanygood.Atfirstitwasn'tevenmagic;itwasjustatrick—abadtrick.Ispenthourseachdayinthebathroomrunningthroughthesecretmovesinfrontofthemirror.Idroppedthecoinoverandover,athousandtimesinaday,andaftertwoweeksofthismymomgotacarpetsamplefromthestoreandplaceditunderthemirrortoeradicatethesoundofthecoinfallingagainandagain.

   Ihadheardmydadworkthroughpassagesofnewmusiconthepiano,soIknewhowtopractice—slowly,deliberately,goingforprecisionratherthanspeed.AndthenItriedtheillusion（错觉）inthemirrorandanunbelievablescenetookplace.Itdidnotlooklikeamagictrick.Itlookedlikeamiracle.IknewthatIhadgotwhatIwanted.

   OnedayImadetheperformanceontheplayground.Wehadbeenplayingfootballandwerestandingbythebackstopinthefieldbehindtheschool.Adozenpeoplewerewatching.Ishowedthecointoeveryone.Thenitdisappeared.Thekidsscreamed.Theyyelled,laughed,scrambledaway.Everyonewentcrazy.Thiswasbrilliant.

（1）Whatdidtheauthorentertheadultsectionofthelibrarytodo?

A. Tokillhist