高考英语 阅读理解 综合题附详细答案.docx

1、高考英语 阅读理解 综合题附详细答案一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction,

2、 a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier. These are the findings of a 40year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. Boys

3、who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society, said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them. Vaillants study followed these males in

4、 great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the mens mentalhealth scores with their boyhood activity scores. Points were awarded for parttime jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems. The link between what the me

5、n had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researcher

6、s also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Workingat any ageis important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competencethe underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him

7、 understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isnt everything. As Tolstoy once said, One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to

8、 love ones work.（1）What do we know about John? A.He enjoyed his career and marriage.B.He had few childhood playmates.C.He received little love from his family.D.He was envied by others in his childhood.（2）Vaillants words in Paragraph 2 serve as _. A.a description of personal values and social values

9、B.an analysis of how work was related to competenceC.an example for parents expectations of their childrenD.an explanation why some boys grew into happy men（3）Vaillants team obtained their findings by _. A.recording the boys effort in schoolB.evaluating the mens mental healthC.comparing different se

10、ts of scoresD.measuring the mens problem solving ability（4）What does the underlined word sharp probably mean in Paragraph 4? A.Quick to react.B.Having a thin edge.C.Clear and definite.D.Sudden and rapid.【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，那些小时候工作过的人比那些没有工作过的人生活得更快乐、更有成效。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“He

11、 had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.”他的工作满意度更高，婚姻更美满，身体也更健康。可知，约翰享受他的事业和婚姻，故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的 Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who mad

12、e the discovery.And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.发现这一现象的心理学家Vaillant说:在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得了能力，并开始觉得自己是社会中有价值的成员。因为他们对自己感觉良好，别人也对他们感觉良好。可推知，Vaillant在第二段的话解释了为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人，故选D。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the mens menta lhealth scores wi

13、th their boyhood activity scores.”可知Vaillant的研究小组通过比较不同的分数得到了他们的发现，故选C。 （4）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.”那些

14、在童年时期参加过最多活动的人，与各种各样的人保持亲密关系的可能性是其他人的两倍，获得高薪的可能性是其他人的五倍，失业的不可能性是其他人的16倍。可知，The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. 的意思是男性在孩童时期的行为和成年后的表现之间的联系是惊人的明确。sharp的意思明确，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析

15、，推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 The negative (负面的) health effects of sleep shortages during the week cant be changed by marathon weekend sleep sessions, according to a new study. Researchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation (缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks, including diabe

16、tes. But there are still some people who hope that shutting off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects. The research, published in Current Biology, ruins those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep in and nap during a weekend recovery period,

17、participants in a sleep laboratory who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced metabolic disruption (代谢紊乱) that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some benefits after a single w

18、eek of inadequate sleep, those gains were wiped out when people returned right to their same sleep schedule the next Monday. If there are benefits of catch-up sleep, theyre gone when you go back to your routine. Its very short-lived, said Kenneth Wright, who led the research. These health effects ar

19、e long-term. Its kind of like smoking once was people would smoke and wouldnt see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep is in the early stage of where smoking used to be. Wright said that the study suggests people s

20、hould prioritize sleep cutting out the optional sleep stealers such as watching television shows or spending time on electronic equipment. Even when people dont have a choice about losing sleep due to child-care responsibilities or job schedules, they should think about prioritizing sleep in the sam

21、e way they would think about a healthy diet or exercise.（1）What had the researchers already known before doing the new research? A.The actual benefits of weekend recovery sleep.B.Harm to health caused by the lack of routine sleep.C.Peoples habit of shutting off the alarm during holidays.D.The relati

22、onship between body weight and sleep amount.（2）Kenneth Wright mentioned smoking to _. A.call on smokers to completely abandon smokingB.advise people to go to sleep when they want to smokeC.show people have known the harm brought by smokingD.show people will someday notice the bad effects of sleep de

23、privation（3）What does the underlined word prioritize probably mean? A.Have a low opinion of something.B.Increase the amount of something.C.Cut down something that isnt necessary any more.D.Treat something as being more important than others.（4）What can be the best title for the text? A.Weekend Catch

24、-up Sleep Is a LieB.Bad Sleep Habits Are Harmful to HealthC.A New Study Has an Unexpected DiscoveryD.Advantages and Disadvantages of Catch-up Sleep【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过一项研究与对比举例的方法让大家明白周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。人们应该把睡眠放在优先地位。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Researchers have long known

25、that routine sleep deprivation (缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks, including diabetes”研究人员很早就知道长期的睡眠缺乏会导致体重增加和像糖尿病这样的健康风险，可知，人们很早就知道长期睡眠不足会给身体带来的危害。故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中Kenneth Wright说的最后两句话可知：长期睡眠不足给健康造成的危害是长期的，就像曾经的抽烟习惯一样人们抽烟，没有看到立即的效应，但是现在人们会说抽烟是不健康的生活方式。睡眠不足就像是早期的抽烟一样。也就是

26、说作者用这个比喻是想让大家知道终究会有一天人们会注意到睡眠不足带来的坏处。故选D。 （3）考查词义猜测。划线单词后有一个破折后，起解释说明的作用。由破折后的句意：减少不必要的“睡眠小偷”式行为，比如看电视节目或者花时间在电子设备上。可知，我们需要把睡眠放在优先的地位。也就是说要把睡眠看的比看电视节目、看电子设备等等这些行为更重要。故选D。 （4）考查主旨大意。第一段就说明了文章中心。第一段段意为：一项发人深省的新研究表明，周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。也就是说周末的补觉是一个谎言。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考

27、查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 I became a magician by accident. When I was nine years old, I learned how to make a coin disappear. Id read The Lord of the Rings and risked coming into the adult section of the library to search for a book of spells (魔法) nine bei

28、ng that curious age at which youre old enough to work through more than 1, 200 pages of mysterious fantasy literature but young enough to still hold out hope that you might find a book of real, actual magic in the library. The book I found instead taught basic sleight-of-hand (戏法) technique, and I d

29、evoted the next months to practice. Initially, the magic wasnt any good. At first it wasnt even magic; it was just a trick a bad trick. I spent hours each day in the bathroom running through the secret moves in front of the mirror. I dropped the coin over and over, a thousand times in a day, and aft

30、er two weeks of this my mom got a carpet sample from the store and placed it under the mirror to eradicate the sound of the coin falling again and again. I had heard my dad work through passages of new music on the piano, so I knew how to practice slowly, deliberately, going for precision rather tha

31、n speed. And then I tried the illusion (错觉) in the mirror and an unbelievable scene took place. It did not look like a magic trick. It looked like a miracle. I knew that I had got what I wanted. One day I made the performance on the playground. We had been playing football and were standing by the b

32、ackstop in the field behind the school. A dozen people were watching. I showed the coin to everyone. Then it disappeared. The kids screamed. They yelled, laughed, scrambled away. Everyone went crazy. This was brilliant.（1）What did the author enter the adult section of the library to do? A.To kill his t