最高人民法院关于审理买卖合同纠纷案适用法律问题的解释中英文.docx
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最高人民法院关于审理买卖合同纠纷案适用法律问题的解释中英文
最高人民法院关于审理买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释
InterpretationoftheSupremePeople’sCourtonIssuesConcerningtheApplicationofLawfortheTrialofCasesofDisputesoverSalesContracts
最高人民法院《关于审理买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》已于2012年3月31日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1545次会议通过,现予公布,自2012年7月1日起施行。
二○一二年五月十日
TheInterpretationoftheSupremePeople’sCourtonIssuesConcerningtheApplicationofLawfortheTrialofCasesofDisputesoverSalesContracts,adoptedatthe1545thsessionoftheJudicialCommitteeoftheSupremePeople’sCourtonMarch31,2012,isherebyissuedandshallcomeintoforceonJuly1,2012.
May10,2012
为正确审理买卖合同纠纷案件,根据《中华人民共和国民法通则》、《中华人民共和国合同法》、《中华人民共和国物权法》、《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》等法律的规定,结合审判实践,制定本解释。
Forthepurposeofproperlytryingcasesofdisputesoversalescontracts,thisInterpretationisformulatedaccordingtotheprovisionsoftheGeneralPrinciplesoftheCivilLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,thePropertyLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,theCivilProcedureLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaandotherlawsaswellasinlightofjudicialpractice.
一、买卖合同的成立及效力
IFormationandValidityofSalesContracts
第一条 当事人之间没有书面合同,一方以送货单、收货单、结算单、发票等主张存在买卖合同关系的,人民法院应当结合当事人之间的交易方式、交易习惯以及其他相关证据,对买卖合同是否成立作出认定。
对账确认函、债权确认书等函件、凭证没有记载债权人名称,买卖合同当事人一方以此证明存在买卖合同关系的,人民法院应予支持,但有相反证据足以推翻的除外。
Article1Wherethereisnowrittencontractbetweenthepartiesandonepartyclaimsthatasalescontractexistsonthebasisofdeliverynotes,goodsreceivednotes,settlementstatementsandinvoices,thepeople’scourtshalldeterminewhetherasalescontracthasbeenformedbyconsideringthetransactionmethodsandcustomarybusinesspractices betweenthepartiesaswellasotherrelevantevidence.
Wherenonameofacreditorisrecordedincorrespondenceorcertificatessuchasconfirmationlettersonaccountreconciliationorwrittenconfirmationsofcreditor’srights,andonepartytoasalescontractfromthisoffersproofthatasalescontractexists,thepeople’scourtshallsupportsuchproof,unlessitcanbeinvalidatedbysufficientevidencetothecontrary.
第二条 当事人签订认购书、订购书、预订书、意向书、备忘录等预约合同,约定在将来一定期限内订立买卖合同,一方不履行订立买卖合同的义务,对方请求其承担预约合同违约责任或者要求解除预约合同并主张损害赔偿的,人民法院应予支持。
Article2Wherebothpartieshavesignedpreliminaryagreementssuchaspurchaseoffers,purchaseorders,subscriptionbooks,lettersofintent,andmemorandums,andhaveagreedthatasalescontractistobeconcludedwithinacertainperiodoftime,ifonepartydoesnotperformtheobligationofconcludingasalescontractandtheotherpartyrequeststhatitassumeliabilityforbreachofthepreliminaryagreementsordemandstherescissionofthepreliminaryagreementsandclaimscompensationfordamages,thepeople’scourtshallsupportsuchclaims.
第三条 当事人一方以出卖人在缔约时对标的物没有所有权或者处分权为由主张合同无效的,人民法院不予支持。
出卖人因未取得所有权或者处分权致使标的物所有权不能转移,买受人要求出卖人承担违约责任或者要求解除合同并主张损害赔偿的,人民法院应予支持。
Article3Whereonepartyclaimsthatacontractisvoidonthegroundsthatthesellerhadnoownershiporrightofdisposaloverthesubjectmatteratthetimeofcontractformation,thepeople’scourtshallnotsupportsuchclaims.
Wheretheownershipofthesubjectmattercannotbetransferredbecausethesellerfailedtoacquiretheownershiporrightofdisposal,ifthebuyerdemandsthatthesellerassumeliabilityforbreachofcontractordemandstherescissionofthecontractandclaimscompensationfordamages,thepeople’scourtshallsupportsuchclaims.
第四条 人民法院在按照合同法的规定认定电子交易合同的成立及效力的同时,还应当适用电子签名法的相关规定。
Article4Thepeople’scourtshallconcurrentlyapplytherelevantprovisionsoftheLawonElectronicSignatureswhendeterminingtheformationandvalidityofanelectronictransactioncontractaccordingtotheprovisionsoftheContractLaw.
一、标的物交付和所有权转移
IIDeliveryoftheSubjectMatterandTransferofOwnership
第五条 标的物为无需以有形载体交付的电子信息产品,当事人对交付方式约定不明确,且依照合同法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的,买受人收到约定的电子信息产品或者权利凭证即为交付。
Article5Wherethesubjectmatterisanelectronicproductnotrequiringphysicaldelivery,thepartieshavenotexplicitlyagreeduponthedeliverymodeandthedeliverymodealsocannotbedeterminedaccordingtotheprovisionsofArticle61oftheContractLaw,deliveryshallbedeemedtooccurwhenthebuyerreceivestheagreed-uponelectronicproductoracertificationofrights.
第六条 根据合同法第一百六十二条的规定,买受人拒绝接收多交部分标的物的,可以代为保管多交部分标的物。
买受人主张出卖人负担代为保管期间的合理费用的,人民法院应予支持。
买受人主张出卖人承担代为保管期间非因买受人故意或者重大过失造成的损失的,人民法院应予支持。
Article6AccordingtotheprovisionsofArticle162oftheContractLaw,wherethebuyerrejectstheexcessquantityofsubjectmatter,thebuyermaykeepcustodyoftheexcessquantityfortheseller.Wherethebuyerclaimsthattheselleristoassumereasonableexpensesduringthecustodyperiod,thepeople’scourtshallsupportsuchclaims.
Wherethebuyerclaimsthattheselleristoassumeanylossesnotcausedbytheintentionalconductorgrossnegligenceofthebuyerduringthecustodyperiod,thepeople’scourtshallsupportsuchclaims.
第七条 合同法第一百三十六条规定的“提取标的物单证以外的有关单证和资料”,主要应当包括保险单、保修单、普通发票、增值税专用发票、产品合格证、质量保证书、质量鉴定书、品质检验证书、产品进出口检疫书、原产地证明书、使用说明书、装箱单等。
Article7The“relevantdocumentsandmaterialsinadditiontothedocumentfortakingdeliveryofthesubjectmatter”asprescribedinArticle136oftheContractLawshallmainlyincludeinsurancepolicies,warranties,ordinaryinvoices,specialVATinvoices,productqualificationcertificates,qualityguaranteecertificates,qualityappraisalcertificates,qualityinspectioncertificates,productentry-exitquarantinecertificates,certificatesoforigin,users’manuals,andpackinglists.
第八条 出卖人仅以增值税专用发票及税款抵扣资料证明其已履行交付标的物义务,买受人不认可的,出卖人应当提供其他证据证明交付标的物的事实。
合同约定或者当事人之间习惯以普通发票作为付款凭证,买受人以普通发票证明已经履行付款义务的,人民法院应予支持,但有相反证据足以推翻的除外。
Article8WheretheselleroffersproofoftheperformanceoftheobligationtodeliverthesubjectmatteronthebasisofspecialVATinvoicesandtaxdeductionmaterialsonly,butsuchproofisnotacceptedbythebuyer,thesellershallprovideotherevidencetoprovethefactthatthesubjectmatterhasbeendelivered.
Where,accordingtothecontractualprovisionsorparties’custom,ordinaryinvoicesaretreatedasproofofpayment,ifthebuyerprovesthatithasperformedtheobligationofpaymentonthebasisofordinaryinvoices,thepeople’scourtshallsupportsuchproof,unlessitcanbeinvalidatedbysufficientevidencetothecontrary.
第九条 出卖人就同一普通动产订立多重买卖合同,在买卖合同均有效的情况下,买受人均要求实际履行合同的,应当按照以下情形分别处理:
(一)先行受领交付的买受人请求确认所有权已经转移的,人民法院应予支持;
(二)均未受领交付,先行支付价款的买受人请求出卖人履行交付标的物等合同义务的,人民法院应予支持;
(三)均未受领交付,也未支付价款,依法成立在先合同的买受人请求出卖人履行交付标的物等合同义务的,人民法院应予支持。
Article9Wherethesellerconcludesseveralsalescontractsforthesameordinarypersonalproperty,andthebuyersalldemandactualperformanceofthecontractsandallthesalescontractsarevalid,thepeople’scourtshallhandlethematterdifferentlyaccordingtothefollowingcircumstances:
(1)wherethebuyerfirsttotakedeliveryrequestsconfirmationoftransferofownership,thepeople’scourtshallsupportsuchrequests;
(2)wherenobuyertakesdelivery,andthebuyerfirsttomakepaymentrequeststhatthesellerperformcontractualobligationsincludingthedeliveryofthesubjectmatter,thepeople’scourtshallsupportsuchrequests;or
(3)wherenobuyertakesdeliveryofthesubjectmatterormakespayment,butthebuyerwhosecontracthasbeenformedinaccordancewithlawrequeststhatthesellerperformcontractualobligationsincludingdeliveryofthesubjectmatter,thepeople’scourtshallsupportsuchrequests.
第十条 出卖人就同一船舶、航空器、机动车等特殊动产订立多重买卖合同,在买卖合同均有效的情况下,买受人均要求实际履行合同的,应当按照以下情形分别处理:
(一)先行受领交付的买受人请求出卖人履行办理所有权转移登记手续等合同义务的,人民法院应予支持;
(二)均未受领交付,先行办理所有权转移登记手续的买受人请求出卖人履行交付标的物等合同义务的,人民法院应予支持;
(三)均未受领交付,也未办理所有权转移登记手续,依法成立在先合同的买受人请求出卖人履行交付标的物和办理所有权转移登记手续等合同义务的,人民法院应予支持;
(四)出卖人将标的物交付给买受人之一,又为其他买受人办理所有权转移登记,已受领交付的买受人请求将标的物所有权登记在自己名下的,人民法院应予支持。
Article10Wherethesellerconcludesseveralsalescontractsforthesamespecialpersonalpropertysuchasaship,aircraftormotorvehicle,andthebuyersalldemandtheactualperformanceofthecontractsandallthesalescontractsarevalid,thepeople’scourtshallhandlethematterdifferentlyaccordingtothefollowingcircumstances:
(1)wherethebuyerfirsttotakedeliveryrequeststhatthesellerperformcontractualobligationsincludingthehandlingofformalitiesfortransferringandregisteringownership,thepeople’scourtshallsupportsuchrequests;
(2)wherenobuyertakesdelivery,andthebuyerthathashandledtheformalitiesfortransferringandregisteringownershipinadvancerequeststhatthesellerperformcontractualobligationsincludingthedeliveryofthesubjectmatter,thepeople’scourtshallsupportsuchrequests;
(3)wherenobuyertakesdeliveryofthesubjectmatterorhandlestheformalitiesfortransferringandregisteringownership,ifthebuyerthathasfirstformedthecontractinaccordancewithlawrequeststhatthesellerperformcontractualobligationsincludingthedeliveryofthesubjectmatterandthehandlingofformalitiesfortransferringandregisteringownership,thepeople’scourtshallsupportsuchrequests;or
(4)wherethesellerdeliversthesubjectmattertooneofthebuyersandhandlestheformalitiesforregisteringownershipforanotherbuyer,ifthebuyerthathastakendeliveryofthesubjectmatterrequestsregistrationofownershipofthesubjectmatterunderitsname,thepeople’scourtshallsupportsuchrequests.
二、标的物风险负担
II.AssumptionofRiskfortheSubjectMatter
第十一条 合同法第一百四十一条第二款第
(一)项规定的“标的物需要运输的”,是指标的物由出卖人负责办理托运,承运人系独立于买卖合同当事人之外的运输业者的情形。
标的物毁损、灭失的风险负担,按照合同法第一百四十五条的规定处理。
Article11Thewords“ifthesubjectmatterneedstobetransported,”asprescribedinitem
(1)ofparagraph2ofArticle141oftheContractLaw,refertocircumstanceswherethesellerisresponsibleforhandlingtheformaliti