《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析An Analysis of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye.docx

《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析An Analysis of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye.docx

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《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析AnAnalysisofHoldeninTheCatcherintheRye

Thesis:

AnAnalysisofHoldeninTheCatcherintheRye

《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析

SchoolorDepartment:

CollegeofForeignLanguages

GradeandSpecialty:

2005,EnglishEducation

Name:

ChenBaiqiang

Advisor:

ZhouQingchi（AssociateProfessor）

March10,2009

Acknowledgements

Withthecompositionofthethesiscomingtoanend,Ihaveatlastobtainedanopportunitytoexpressmygratitudetomysupervisor,ChouQingchi,whohasnotonlygivenmehergenerousandinstructiveadvice,andvaluablematerials,butalsospentmuchtimereadingandcorrectingthemanuscriptofthethesis.Besides,teachers’constantencouragementandhelpduringmystudyherecouldnotbeunderestimatedforthefulfillmentofthisthesis.

IamalsothankfultootherteachersofEnglishDepartment,whosecoursesIhaveattendedandfromwhomIhavelearnedmuch.

Iwouldalsoliketoacknowledgemydeepindebtednesstomyparentswhosparenopainsbringingmeup.

Abstract

HoldenCaulfieldistheyoungleadingcharacterinTheCatcherintheRyewithSalinger’scelebratedworkswhichwaspraisedintheAmericanliteraryarena.HewastherepresentativeofUSyouth’sstatueatthattimetosomeextent.Hisindividualcharacterofcynicismandkind-heartednessdeeplyshockedgenerationsofAmericanreaders.

Holdenisamanofmarkedindividuality.Thekeypointwhatthispaperanalyzesishispersonalcharacters.Holdenlivesinthesocietywithcontradictions.“Phony”,probablythemostfamousphrasefromTheCatcherintheRye,isoneofHolden’sfavoriteconcepts.Itishiscatcher—allfordescribinghypocrisyanduglinessthatencountersintheworldaroundhim.Asarebel,heisstrugglingwiththeworld.Meanwhileheisindeeplovewithpurityofhischildhoodandinnocenceofchildren.Moreimportantly,hedefendschildren’ssoulandkeepswatchthebrightideal.ThispapercentersontwomajoraspectstoanalyzecharactersofHolden.Oneishisrebelliousspirit;theotherishisconsistentpursuitofdefendingpurityandseekingloftyideal.

Throughain-depthstudyon thepersonalityoftheleadingcharacter,thispaperhelpsthereadersunderstandtheclassicalfigureofHolden,therealityofAmericansocietyafterWorldWarⅡandtheprofoundsignificanceofthiswork.

Keywords:

Innocence;Rebel;Phony

摘要

霍尔顿是塞林格扬名美国文坛的名作《麦田里的守望者》的小主人公，他可以称得上是代表当时美国青年的铸像。

诚然，个性鲜明的霍尔顿深深地震撼着一代代的读者。

霍尔顿的个性特征是本文分析的重点.主人公存在于矛盾对立的社会现实中。

“假模假样”是《麦田里的守望者》这部小说中的经典语言，同时也是主人公惯用的词语。

通过它足以把霍尔顿眼中世界的虚伪，丑恶诠释地淋漓尽致。

作为社会的反叛者，主人公在孤独，踌躇中苦苦挣扎。

叛逆的同时，他又对童年时光的纯真情有独钟,更重要的是他捍卫儿童心灵,守望美好的理想的形象更加发人深思。

本文立足于霍尔顿矛盾性格对立的视角,分析其个性特征中的两大层面。

一方面是透析他个性中的反叛性；另一方面是解读他捍卫纯真,守望美好的崇高理想。

这篇论文通过对主人公个性特征深层次的解析，以求能帮助读者更好地理解霍尔顿这个经典形象，理解第二次世界大战后美国现实社会，以及作品蕴涵的深刻思想意义。

关键词:

纯真；反叛；假模假样

TableofContents

ChapterOneIntroduction

JeromeDavidSalingerisborninNewYorkCity,onJanuary1st,1916.HegrewupinNewswireandlaterattendedthreecolleges.Asearlyastheageoffifteenhebeganwriting.Whenhewastwentyonehepublishedhisfirstshortstory.AfterserviceasaninfantrysergeantinEuropeduringWorldWarⅡhewrotemorestories,mostofwhichwerepublishedinCollier’s,SaturdayEveningPostcollectedpapersandotherjournals.Salinger,amanofmysteryandconscientiousness,aliensfromallthingsconnectedwiththesociety.InSalinger’sworks,hisprotagonistsareoftensensitiveandveryawareofadolescents,oradultswho,ineithercase,seektheirownidentityinrelationtoanexternalworldwithwhichtheyfindthemselvesmoreorlessatodds.Andalso,alienationordisenchantmentwiththeso-called“adult”worldfigureslargelyexistsinhiswritings.

WiththepublicationofTheCatcherintheRyein1951,J.D.Salingergainedalmostanimmediateacceptanceasbeingamongthemostsignificantpost-WorldWarⅡAmericannovelists.InTheCatcherintheRye,a16yearsoldmiddle-schoolstudent,Holden,wasdismissedbyPenceySchoolforthefourthtime.Thenhechosetobeatramp.Thethreedays’vagrantlifevividlyreflectshisexperiencesandfeelings.ItmanifeststheAmericanyoungpeople’sdepressedandindecisivepsychology.Andalso,itshowsusthehypocriticalandrepulsiveoftheadultworld.WhatHoldenhadseenandheardhadarousedtheinnumerablecontemporarypeople’sintensesympatheticchord.Manyadultsalsohadabetterunderstandingoftheyoungergenerationsthroughreadingthisbook.Holden,asanincompletelysensiblechildaswellasan“adult”—justasaknow-it-all,strugglestofindtherightpathintoadulthood.Hefindsthehypocrisyanduglinessoftheworldaroundhimsurprisinglyunbearable.Andthroughhisvisualanglehetriedtoprotecthimselffromthepainanddisappointmentintheadultworld.However,heisconstantlydistressedthatheiskeepingfallingintoadulthoodandhefinallyrealizestheaimoflifethatheisseekingfor.

Thispaperfocusesonthestudyofprotagonist“Holden”,especiallytryingtofurtherelaborateandanalyzehisclassicalimageonthebasisofhisrebelliousandinnocentspirit.Ithelpsreaderstohaveabetterunderstandingofthegrowingpainofthiscynicalandprecociousboy.Meanwhile,itexcavatestheideologyandconnotationofthisclassicalwork.

ChapterTwoTheHypocriticalWorldinHolden’sEyes

2.1HypocriticalWorld

ThesocietywhereHoldenlivesiniscomplexandmodern.ItisnolongerthesocietywhichThoreauorAdamslivedin.Peoplearesurroundedbythehypocritical,indifferent,lowlyanddegeneratedconditions.TheCatcherintheRyenotonlyrevealstheleadingcharacter’slivingconditions,furthermoreitdemonstratestheso-called“theadultworld”thatmakessomeonetobeafraidortobesick.

Inthenovel,hypocritical,uglyscenesaredisplayedineveryaspect.TheadvertisementforPenceySchoolwoulddisturbyou;thepictureofhorsejumpingoverfencegives,inhisopinion,afalseimageoftheschool.InHolden’sjudgment,Penceyisahomefordishonest,spoiledchildren,andnotforidealizedhorsemen-to-be.

Thegreatmajorityofmovies—foreign,aswellasAmerican—createanunrealworldthatHoldenfindsunacceptable.ThestoryoftheparticularmoviesrecountedbyHoldenisaglorificationofmaterialsuccessintypicalsoapoperafashion.Falsesorrowsandhappyendingsarestrewnaboutwithalavishhand.

Meanwhile,massmediaisalwaysglorifyingthesensationalanduglythings.Allofthepeoplesurroundhimdon’tdoseriousaffairs.Instead,theyarealwaystalkingaboutmoney,gamble,women,swindleandsoon.Inthesociety,peoplearewillingtoseek“conspicuousconsumption”.Thenovelillustratestheentireprocessofjockeyingforasuperiormaterialisticimageinoursociety.Itisnotactuallynecessarytoownthings;theappearanceofownershipsuffices.PeoplewhocouldnotaffordCedillas（thestatussymbolparexcellence）werebuyingtailfinstomaketheirChevroletslooklikeCedillas.Peoplewhodon’towntelevisionsetswereputtingdummytelevisionantennasontheirroofs.

EverythingishypocriticalintheeyesofHoldenwhoispursuingnaturalinnocence.Hedetestsitverymuch.

2.1.1ABywordofSociety—Phony

Wefindthatoneofthemostoften-usedwordsinHolden’slexiconis“phony”.Itappearsintheentirebookmorethan40times.Andalsoitisthemostsensitivewordforprotagonist.Heisconstantlydetectingshammotivesinthepeoplearoundhim.Atthebeginningofthenovel,theauthortellsthemainreasonwhyHoldenleftElktonHillsmiddleschool.Itissaidthat“BecauseIwassurroundedbyphonies.That’sall.Theywerecominginthegoddamwindow.Forinstance,theyhadthisheadmaster,Mr.HarshthatwasthephoniestbastardIevermetinmylife.TentimesworsethanoldThurman（theheadmasterofPenceySchool）.OneSundays,forinstance,oldHaaswentaroundshakinghandswitheverybody’sparentswhentheydroveuptoschool.He’dbecharmingashellandall.Exceptifsomeboyhadlittleoldfunny-lookingparents.Youshouldhaveseenthewayhedidwithmyroommate’sparents.Imeanifaboy’smotherwassortoffatorcorny-lookingorsomething,andifsomebody’sfatherwasoneofthoseguysthatwearthosesuitswithverybigshouldersandcornyblack-and-whiteshoes,thenoldHaaswouldjustshakehandswiththemandgivethemaphonysmileandthenhe’dgotalk,formaybeahalfanhour,withsomebodyelse’sparents.”

（TheCatcherintherye,13-14）Fromthispartwemayfeelthemeaningofphoniness.

Throughreadingmoreandmorechapters,wegetdeeperunderstandingof“phony”.ThesituationinPenceySchoolisthesameasElktonHillsmiddleschool.Penceydeclaresthatithascultivatedinnumerableoutstandingandintelligentyouthsfrom1888.ThebigwordsforHoldenareofnousewhatsoever.Strictlyspeaking,theyareforthebirds.“Theydon’tdoanydamnmoremoldingatPenceythantheydoatanyotherschool.”

（TheCatcherintherye,2）Infactinanywherepersonsandthemattersaregainingfamebydeceivingpeople.Fortheweekendeveningmeals,studentshavebeefsteakorotherfoodasusual.Butthisgoodfoodistakingforstudentsbynomeans,becausemanystudents’guardiansalwayscometoschoolonSunday.Theschoolauthoritiesareafraidthatthemotherofchildmayaskthequestionaboutthedinner.ThefraudconcernswithbeefmadeHoldentobeextremelynasty.HetellstheyoungersisterPhoebe,“ItwasoneoftheworstschoolsIeverwentto.Itwasfullofphonies.Andmeanguys.Youneversawsomanymeanguysinyourlife.”

（TheCatcherintherye,167）“Eventhecoupleof‘nice’teachersonthefaculty,theywerephoniestoo.”

（TheCatcherintherye，168）EventhatthecautiousandprudentteacherMr.Spencerwasnotanexception.Therefore,Holdenbelieves,thestudentswho