六真题详解.docx
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六真题详解
1.Rise:
（rise-rose-risen）
Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy.（getoutofbed）
Themoonhasnotyetrisen.（sunormoonappearsinthesky）
Inthefirsthalfofthisyearthetotalcoaloutputrosebyeightypercentascomparedwiththatoflastyear.（amountordegreeincreases）
注：
区分arise,raise,arouse,rise（及物性与词义两方面区别）
2.flourish:
Ifsomething flourishes,itissuccessful,active,orcommon,anddevelopingquicklyandstrongly.
Businessflourishedandwithinsixmonthstheywereearning18,000roublesaday.
Bestwishesforourflouringcountry.（adj）
3.inthehopeof=hopingto
InthehopeofgettingCET-4,Iparticipateintheclasses.
3.trade-off
Atrade-off isasituationwhereyoumakeacompromisebetweentwothings,orwhereyouexchangeallorpartofonethingforanother.妥协;交换
4.excessive（adj）
Ifyoudescribetheamountorlevelofsomethingas excessive,youdisapproveofitbecauseitismoreorhigherthanisnecessaryorreasonable.
Excessivespending,excessivefood
5.Bureaucracy:
官僚主义；官僚机构
6.forge:
Ifonepersonorinstitution forges anagreementorrelationshipwithanother,theycreateitwithalotofhardwork,hopingthatitwillbestrongorlasting.
Forgeagoodrelationshipwithleaders,parentsandfriends.
7.Whiletheemphasisonteachingtohigher,test-drivenstandardsassetinNOChildLeftBehindresultedinsignificantlybetterperformanceinelementary（andsomemiddle）schools,highschoolsforavarietyofreasonsseemedtohavemadelittleprogress.
As作为关系代词表示“正如”
8.Countertrend：
oppositetoatrend
Counter:
opposite,against（反对、相反）
Counterbalance:
抗平衡countemeasures（对策），counterflow（逆流）
9.enrollment
Ifyou enrol or areenrolled ataninstitutionorinaclass,youofficiallyjoinit.
IwasenrolledinLanZhouTrafficUniversitylastyear.
10Charterschool:
特许学校
特许学校是英文Charterschool的译称，特许学校与政府之间是一种契约的关系（通常三至五年），学校必须在契约规定期间保证达成双方认可的经营目标。
这种目标通常是以改进学校教学现状为主，因此，多数属于教育革新的实验学校。
也因为是教育实验性质，所以特许学校通常可以免除例行性教育行政法规的限制，如各学科授课时数、教学进度、教师工作准则、薪资规定以及例行性的报表等。
特许”学校的优点
美国的特许学校一方面具备公立学校公平、公正、低学费的优点，另一方面又有私立学校重视经营绩效的优点，同时也可以激发各种创新的教育实验，并且可以透过竞争压力，刺激一般公立学校提升学校经营及教学质量，因此，已成为美国新世纪学校的典范。
此种型态的公办民营学校的功能，与我国此刻正努力提升教育质量的方向是一致的，因此甚值得参考。
12.“磁石学校”顾名思义，就是“有吸引力的学校”，又称为“特色学校”。
它办学特点鲜明，针对儿童特殊兴趣爱好，开设富有特色的课程。
在磁石学校，学生可以学习读。
写。
算等基本技能，亦可习得特殊专长的学科，如音乐。
戏剧。
电脑。
法律及其视觉艺术等等；学校形式极为多样，如高智天才学校。
外语学校。
蒙台梭利学校。
科技学校。
艺术学校等。
磁石学校没有学区和入学条件的限制，学生可以自愿申请入学，由电脑编班入学。
13.sanction
V-T Ifsomeoneinauthority sanctions anactionorpractice,theyofficiallyapproveofitandallowittobedone.
LanZhouTrafficUniversitysanctionsthefoundationofNewEnergyandPowerEngineeringCollegeinWuWei.
14.alternativeschool:
选择学校，很多都是一些有犯罪纪录和无人看管的还有一些生理障碍的孩子上的，它独立于其他公立或者私利的高中，采用一种特殊的教育模式,一般都是寄宿的。
然后通过这种学校“感化”的孩子也可以继续去普通学校上学。
Alternative:
Ifonethingisan alternative to another,thefirstcanbefound,used,ordoneinsteadofthesecond.（n）
Treatmeasanalternativeofyourex-boyfriend.
ADJ An alternative planorofferisdifferentfromtheonethatyoualreadyhave,andcanbedoneorusedinstead.
Alternativeapproach
15.boast
V-T/V-I Ifsomeone boasts aboutsomethingthattheyhavedoneorthattheyown,theytalkaboutitveryproudly,inawaythatotherpeoplemayfindirritatingoroffensive..
Neverbeaboaster,below-key
16.slide
Ifcurrenciesorprices slide,theygraduallybecomeworseorlowerinvalue
SlidingEnglishlevel
17.affectionate:
Ifyouare affectionate,youshowyourloveorfondnessforanotherpersoninthewaythatyoubehavetowardthem.
Lookateachotheraffectionately
Unaffectionate:
withoutlove
18.fileoutof
Whenthereisa fire,itis important that people file out of the building in an orderlyway.
19:
discipline
Discipline isthepracticeofmakingpeopleobeyrulesorstandardsofbehaviour,andpunishingthemwhentheydonot.
Classdiscipline
20.advisory
An advisory groupregularlygivessuggestionsandhelptopeopleororganizations,especiallyaboutaparticularsubjectorareaofactivity.
Advisoradvisee
21.cultivate
Ifyou cultivate anattitude,image,orskill,youtryhardtodevelopitandmakeitstrongerorbetter.
22.reinforce
Ifsomething reinforces afeeling,situation,orprocess,itmakesitstrongerormoreintense.
Reinforcemymemory
23.institution
An institution isalargeimportantorganizationsuchasauniversity,church,orbank
Financialinstitution,governmentinstitution
24.demanding
Peoplewhoare demanding arenoteasilysatisfiedorpleased.
25,comein=becomepopular
26.superintendent=leader/director
A superintendent isapersonwhoisresponsibleforaparticularthingortheworkdoneinaparticulardepartment.
27:
controversial
Ifyoudescribesomethingorsomeoneas controversial,youmeanthattheyarethesubjectofintensepublicargument,disagreement,ordisapproval.
Beingacontroversialpersonisterrible
28:
fussy
ADJ Someonewhois fussy isveryconcernedwithunimportantdetailsandisdifficulttoplease.
Fussyaboutfood,friend
29.bother:
troubleyou
Ifsomeone bothers you,theytalktoyouwhenyouwanttobeleftaloneorinterruptyouwhenyouarebusy.
30.sensible:
Sensible actionsordecisionsaregoodbecausetheyarebasedonreasonsratherthanemotions.
Sensiblechoice
31.facilities
Facilities arebuildings,piecesofequipment,orservicesthatareprovidedforaparticularpurpose.
Recreationalfacilitiesinsquare,
32.lodge
A lodge isahouseorhotelinthecountryorinthemountainswherepeoplestayonholiday,especiallywhentheywanttohuntorfish.
33.Switzerland
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成，简称英国。
34.applyfor
Ifyou apply for somethingsuchasajobormembershipofanorganization,youwritealetterorfilloutaforminordertoaskformallyforit.
Applyforajob
35.certificate:
A certificate isanofficialdocumentstatingthatparticularfactsaretrue.
CETcertificate
36.
Bargain
Somethingthatisa bargain isgoodvalue,usuallybecauseithasbeensoldatalowerpricethannormal.
BuysomebargainsonTAOBAO
37.
Special:
特色菜，特产
38.routine
Youuse routine todescribeactivitiesthataredoneasanormalpartofajoborprocess.
Routinedishes
39conduct
Whenyou conduct anactivityortask,youorganizeitanddoit
Conducta“clear-your-plate”campaign
40.scratch
Ifyoudosomething fromscratch,youdoitwithoutmakinguseofanythingthathasbeendonebefore
Buildingahomefromscratch=startfrombeginning
41:
Takeoveracompany=getcontrolofit
42:
Ifyou take time off,youobtainpermissionnottogotoworkforashortperiodoftime.
We’renotallowedtotakeoffrandomly.
43.BasqueCountry
巴斯克自治区，位于西班牙北部，由三个小省：
吉普斯夸、比斯开和阿拉瓦组成，人口212.4846万（2005），面积7234多平方公里，东北与法国接壤。
它位于比利牛斯山区，有茂密的树林和葱绿的牧场，长长的山谷和湍急的溪流。
1902年康有为翻越比利牛斯山进入西班牙时，禁不住赋长歌赞叹这绝色美景：
“亭亭旗盖出，森森金斧批。
涧流泻绝底，浑灏黄河窄。
浓姿若美人，容华倚天末。
不知衡岱色，颇觉台庐索。
”
44.
Geographical or geographic meansconcernedwithorrelatingtogeography.
45.hilly:
ADJ A hilly areahasmanyhills.
46.mutual
Youuse mutual todescribesomethingsuchasaninterestwhichtwoormorepeopleshare.
Mutualinterestsareimportantforlovers.
47
Nonetheless:
J尽管如此，但是
48.
Rather
ADV Youuse rather whenyouarecorrectingsomethingthatyouhavejustsaid,especiallywhenyouaredescribingaparticularsituationaftersayingwhatitisnot.（尤指修正上文时）更确切地说
49.
Parkingmeter（仪表）:
A parkingmeter isadevicethatyouputmoneyintowhenyouparkinaparkingspace
50.Insight
N-VAR Ifyougain insight oran insight into acomplexsituationorproblem,yougainanaccurateanddeepunderstandingofit.
51:
chaos
Chaos isastateofcompletedisorderandconfusion.
Inachaos
52property
Someone's property isallthethingsthatbelongtothemorsomethingthatbelongstothem.
53.liearound
Putsomethingrandomlyandeverywhere
54.relief
Ifsomethingprovides relief from painordistress,itstopsthepainordistress.
Stressreliefapproach
55.foodbank
是非牟利的慈善组织，它们收集主要是募捐而来的食物，然后再免费提供给许许多多的机构，譬如孤儿院、学校、慈善团体等。
56.inthewakeof=withthecomingof
57.recession
A recession isaperiodwhentheeconomyofacountryisdoingbadly,forexamplebecauseindustryisproducinglessandmorepeoplearebecomingunemployed.
Economicrecession------flourishingeconomy
58.contributeto=makeaneffecton
59.endure:
lastformoretime
Enduringfriendship
60.meltdown
The meltdown ofacompany,organization,orsystemisitssuddenandcompletefailure
Financialmeltdown=economiccrisis
61community
Thecommunity isallthepeoplewholiveinaparticularareaorplace.社区
aparticular community isagroupofpeoplewhoaresimilarinsomeway.团体
62.0dd=strange,unusual
Oddjobs:
temporaryandunimportantjobs
63.boost
Ifonething boosts another,itcausesittoincrease,improve,orbemoresuccessful.
Crimeboost
64.overwhelm
Ifagroupofpeople overwhelm aplaceoranothergroup,theygaincompletecontrolorvictoryoverthem.
Overwhelmeverythingpreventingmefromsuccess
65.
Land
Ifyou land in anunpleasantsituationorplaceorifsomething lands you init,somethingcausesyoutobeinit.
Landinforeversufferings
66.英语当中的常见逻辑连接词
表递进：
moreover,furthermore,besides,inaddition,additionally，what’smore,
表转折：
however，erthneveless，otherwise
表对比：
whereas，while，
表示原因的连词：
because,since,as,nowthat…
表示结果的连词：
so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult
示让步和转折的连词：
however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whatever
表示对照的连词：
onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely
表示补充的连词：
also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,inaddition,what’smore,too,either,neither,not…but…,n
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