第3部分 概括段落大意和补全句子.docx

第3部分 概括段落大意和补全句子.docx

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第3部分概括段落大意和补全句子

第三部分：

概括段落大意和补全句子

（第16～25题，每题1分，共10分）

阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：

（1）从第16～20题后所给的6个选项中为第①一⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；

（2）从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

Passage1（选自大纲样题）

TheWeightExperiment

NicolaWaltershasbeentakingpartinexperimentsinScotlandtodiscoverwhy

humansgainandloseweight.Beinglockedinasmallroomcalleda

'calorimeter'（热量测量室）isonewaytofindout．

①Thesignsabovethetworoomsreadsimply'ChamberOne'and'ChamberTwo'.

Thesearethecalorimeters:

4mby2mwhite-walledroomswherehumanvolunteers

arelockedupinthenameofscience.Outsidetheseroomsanothersignreads

'Pleasedonotenter-workinprogress'andinfrontoftheroomsadvanced

machineryregisterseverymovethevolunteersmake.Eachday,mealsmeasuredto

thelastgramarepassedthroughaholeinthewallofthecalorimetertothe

residentvolunteer.

②NicolaWaltersisoneoftwentyvolunteerswho,overthepasteightmonths,

havespentvaryingperiodsinsidethecalorimeter.Tallandslim,Nicoladoes

nothaveaweightproblem,butthoughtthestrictdietmighthelpwithher

trainingandfitnessprogramme.Aself-employedcommunitydanceworker,shewas

abletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.Shesawanadvertisementfor

volunteersatherlocalgymandassheisinterestedinthewholeareaofdiet

andexercise,shethoughtshewouldhelpout.

③TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayonafixeddietathome

andthenextintheroom.Thissequencewasrepeatedfourtimesoversixweeks.

Shearrivedatthecalorimeterat8:

30amoneachofthefourmorningsandfrom

thenoneverythingsheateordrankwascarefullymeasured.Hereverymovewas

notedtoo,herdailyexerciseroutinetimedtothelastsecond.Atregular

intervals,aftereating,shefilledinformsabouthowhungryshefeltand

samplesweretakenforanalysis.

④Thescientistshelpvolunteersimposeakindoforderonthelongdaysthey

faceintheroom.'Thefirsttime,Ionlytookonevideoandabook,butitwas

OKbecauseIwatchedTVtherestofthetime,'saysNicola.Andtwiceadayshe

usedtheexercisebike.Shepedaled（踩踏板）forhalfanhour,watchedby

researcherstomakesureshedidn'tgotoofast.

⑤Itseemsthatsomefoodsencourageyoutoeatmore,whileotherssatisfyyou

quickly.Volunteersarealreadyshowingthathigh-fatdietsarelesslikelyto

makeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhatencouragespeopleto

overeat,theresearchersareabouttostarttestingahigh-proteinweight-loss

diet.VolunteersarerequiredandNicolahassignedupforfurthersessions.

A.Whatdoesthecalorimeterlooklikeinside?

B.Whatprogrammewasdesignedfortheexperiment?

C.Whatisacalorimeter?

D.Whatkindoffoodsaretopeople’staste?

E.Howdothevolunteerskillthetime?

F.WhydidNicolajoinintheexperiments?

Taskl

16.Paragraph①

17.Paragraph②

18.Paragraph③

19.Paragraph④

20.Paragraph⑤

16.Paragraph①

显示答案

【答案】C【解析】第一段主要讲了实验所需要的设备和条件，前面的内容主要针对calorimeter做了相关描述。

17.Paragraph②

显示答案

【答案】F【解析】第二段主要介绍了Nicola自愿参加这一实验的意图和目的，虽然没有超重问题，但出于对饮食调节和身材的保持，她选择加入这一项目。

18.Paragraph③

显示答案

【答案】B【解析】该段的第一句话是主题句TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayona

fixeddietathomeandthenextintheroom.即：

实验所涉及的内容、具体的要求和环节。

19.Paragraph④

显示答案

【答案】E【解析】段首句往往是主题句，首句说明科学家帮助志愿者设定一个日程表来打发在密室里的时间。

后面介绍了看电视、看录像、看书、骑单车等活动。

20.Paragraph⑤

显示答案

【答案】D【解析】第五段的首句出现了foods一词，从剩余的两个选项A和D中很明显就能选出D。

第五段主要介绍了什么食物适合人的胃口。

小贴士：

本部分考查学生的概括能力，读懂首句是关键，因为首句往往是主题句。

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】Decidewhichofthestatementscanbestsummarizethe

followingpassage.Celebritieswillalwayshavealargeinfluenceonsociety.The

influencetheyhaveontwitterisincredible.Twitterisaneasywayforfansto

connectwiththeirfavoritecelebrityandmanycelebritiesaretakingadvantage

ofTwitter'spopularity.Everycelebritytweetstartsafirestormofretweets,

replies,anddiscussionsaboutwhatacelebrityjusttweeted.Agoodexampleof

thisisthatthetrendingtopicsoftenrevolvearoundacelebrityorsomething

thatacelebrityrecentlytweeted.Celebritytweetsalsobecomenewsinthe

worldofcelebritynews.CelebritiesnowuseTwittertocommunicatewiththe

publicinsteadofissuingstatements,andalsousetheiraccountstodispel

rumors,makeannouncements,andpromotetheirmovies,albums,orbooks.

Moreover,becausetherearesomanycelebritytabloids（小报），simpletweetsabout

theireverydayliveswillalsobecomefront-pagenews.A．Celebrities'useof

tweetB．Politician'sinfluenceontweetC．Tweet'spopularityD．New

organizations'understandingof

tweet【答案】A【解析】本题考查概括段落大意。

本段出现频率最高的词是celebrity，本段一直在讲名人如何使用微博，故选A。

【知识点】概括段落大意

Task2

21.Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything_______.

22.NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments_______.

23.Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter_______.

24.Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets_______.

25.ResearcherswatchedNicolapedaling_______.

A.thevolunteersdo.

B.becauseshedoesnothaveaweightproblem.

C.becausethelifetherecanbeveryboring.

D.makepeopleovereat.

E.becauseshewasherownboss.

F.soastocontrolthespeed.

21.Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything_______.

显示答案

【答案】A【解析】根据题干中的关键词calorimeters和record定位在第一段。

从第一段第三句话尤其是后半句Outsidetheserooms

anothersignreads'Pleasedonotenter-workinprogress'andinfrontofthe

roomsadvancedmachineryregisterseverymovethevolunteers

make.可知答案为A。

此处record和register属同义替换。

22.NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments_______.

显示答案

【答案】E【解析】根据题干中的关键词NicolaWalters定位在第二段，关键句是第二段的第三句话Aself-employedcommunity

danceworker,shewasabletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.

23.Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter_______.

显示答案

【答案】C【解析】根据题干中的关键词volunteers及同一顺序的原则定位在第四段。

该段主要讲了密室里的生活很枯燥。

同时根据句子结构分析可知此处需填从句，故从B和C中选择。

24.Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets_______.

显示答案

【答案】D【解析】根据第五段第二三句话Volunteersarealreadyshowingthathigh-fatdiets高脂膳食are

lesslikelytomakeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhat

encouragespeopletoovereat,…

25.ResearcherswatchedNicolapedaling_______.

显示答案

【答案】F【解析】根据题干中的关键词researchers，Nicola及pedaling定位在第四段的最后一句Shepedaled（踩踏板）for

halfanhour,watchedbyresearcherstomakesureshedidn'tgotoofast.

小贴士：

根据题干中的关键词回到原文中快速进行定位是取得高分的诀窍，同时要观察题干的结构及备选答案的结构以快速缩小范围。

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】Decidewhichofthestatementscanbefilledinthe

blanktomakethesentencecompleteaccordingtothefollowingpassage.1Flynn,

attheePolicyInstitute,saysit'simportantthatemployershaveaclearonline

policyandthenexplainit.Shebelievesnotenoughemployershaveconducted

formaltrainingonsuchmattersasonlineresponsibilityand

confidentiality（保密性）.2Meantime,heradvicetoanyemployeeisthis:

"Don't

startblogging.Don'tstartchatting.Don'tevenstarte-mailinguntilyouread

thecompanypolicy."Q:

Flynnsuggeststhatemployeesshouldstartblogging,

chattingore-mailingonlyaftertheyfinish________.A．havingaclearonline

policyB．readthecompanypolicyC．readingthecompanypolicyD．haveconducted

formaltraining【答案】C【解析】本题考查补全句子。

根据题干中的startblogging，chatting，

e-mailing定位在第二段。

再根据句子结构，因为finish要接动名词作宾语，可以排除B和D，再根据"Don'tstartblogging.Don't

startchatting.Don'tevenstarte-mailinguntilyoureadthecompany

policy."可以确定答案为readingthecompanypolicy，即C。

【知识点】补全句子

Passage2（选自Self-Assessment1）

FiveReasonstoCelebrateMistakes

①Mistakeshaveawayoffocusingourattentionandputtingcrucialproblems

rightinourface.Mistakeslightapathforus.Whenweownuptoourmistakes,

weoftenknowexactlywhat'sworkingandwhatwecandotofixit.

②Thereisonesurewaytoavoidmistakesandthat'stoavoidlife.Thewriter

whoneverfinishesabookwillneverhavetoworryaboutgettingnegative

reviews.Thecomedianwhoneverperformsinfrontofanaudienceissureto

avoidtellingjokesthatfallflat失败，达不到预期效果.Whenwearecomfortablewith

makingmistakes,we'remorelikelytotakerisksandtackleprojects.

Celebratingmistakesinvolveswisdom.Effectivepeopledon'tsetgoalswiththe

ideaofmakingmistakes.Instead,theyaimtoreachthosegoalswhileaccepting

theriskoferror.

③Imagineworkingatacompanythathasnostandards-wheremistakesarenot

distinguishedfromsuccessesandnooneisheldaccountableforerrors.Wecould

turninthemostcarelessandthecrudest未加工的，肤浅的piecesofworkwe'deverdone,

andtheywouldgettreatedthesameasourbestwork.We'dneverbeableto

countonhavingthesuppliesweneededbecausenoonewouldcomplainwhen

vendors供应商，商贩failedtodeliver.Projectscouldgopermanentlyunfinishedandno

onewouldsayanything.Inanatmospherewherethere'snodifferencebetween

failureandsuccess,theword"mistake"wouldbewithoutmeaning.Mistakescan

happenonlywhenpeoplearetrulycommittedtomakingthingswork.

④Theword"mistake"derivesmeaningonlybycomparisontowhatwedesire.

Noticingandadmittingourmistakesremindsusofwhatwereallywanttohave,

do,andbe.Mistakesofferusanopportunitytopracticetruthtelling.With

thisactcometherewardsofhonestyandfrankness,includingself-knowledge自知之明

andthecapacityforchange.Aswetellthetruthaboutourmistakes,wecan

benefitbyreleasingshameandblame.Fixingmistakesandpreventingthemfrom

happeningagainarekeygoals.

⑤Mistakesareusuallymoreinstructivethansuccesses-andoftenfarmore

interesting.Thelessonswelearnfrommakingmistakesoftenstickwithusfora

lifetime.Wecan