现在完成时讲解与练习答案.docx

现在完成时讲解与练习答案.docx

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现在完成时讲解与练习答案

一、时态讲解：

现在完成时

（ 1 ）构成：

现在完成时由助动词 have+ 过去分词构成，助动词 have 有人称和数的变化。

第三人称单数用 has ，其余用 have.

现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上 not 、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。

以 study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：

否定式

疑问式

Ihavenot（haven’t）studied….

HaveIstudied…?

Youhavenot（haven’t）studied….

Haveyoustudied… ?

Hehasnot（hasn’t）studied….

Hashestudied…?

否定疑问式

简单回答（肯定 / 否定）

HaveInot（Haven’tI）studied…?

Yes,youhave.No,youhaven’t.

Haveyounot（Haven’tyou）studied…?

Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.

Hashenot（Hasn’the）studied…?

Yes,hehas.No,he hasn’t.

（ 2 ）用法：

1 ） 现在完成时 通常表示在 说话之前已经完成的动作 或存在的状态。

说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的 结果或影响 。

    Mydaughterhasjustgoneout. 我女儿刚出去。

    I’msurewe’vemetbefore. 我肯定我们以前见过面。

    Shehasarrived. 她到了。

2 ）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在的表示一段时间的状语连用，如 recently, already,just, lately,fo r…,since…, yet 等。

如：

    Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.  这些日子我没有收到她的信。

    Wehaven’tseenyourecently.  最近我们没有见到你。

    Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.  他们离开已经两年了。

ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday. 

★ 注意：

a）       since 和 for 的区别

since 后接时间点，如 1993 ， lastterm,yes terday,thetimeIgotthere

for 后接一段时间，表示 “ 长达多久 ” ，如 tenyears,awhile,twodays 等。

Ex ercise :

 用 since 和 for 填空

1.Jimhasbeenin Ireland ______Monday.

2.JillhasbeeninIreland______threedays.

3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia______15days.

4.Maryisin heroffice.Shehasbeenthere______7o'clock.

5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.

6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting______20minutes.

7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty______manyyears.

8.Mikehasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October.

1.since  2.for  3.for  4.since  5.since  6.for  7.for  8.since

2 ）表示短暂意义的动词如 arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die 等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。

因此，不能说：

   Hehascomeherefor2weeks.  ×

  Theoldmanhasdiedfor4months.  ×

  Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.  ×

以上三句话可以改为：

Hehasbeenherefor2 weeks.

Theoldmanhas_____________for4months.

Theyhave__________onlyfor5minutes

2 ） have（has）been 和 have（has）gone 的区别：

表示 “ 曾到过某地 ” 要用 “have（has）been”; 表示 “ 已经去某地 ” 要用 “have（has）gone” 。

试比较：

Wherehashebeen?

  他刚才到哪里去了？

（已经回来了）

Wherehashegone?

  他上哪儿去了？

（人不在）

Theyhavebeento Canada . 他们到过加拿大。

（现在已经不在加拿大）

Theyhavegoneto Canada . 他们到加拿大去了。

（可能在路上和已经到加拿大） .

3 ）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein ，但可以和 already,yet,sometimes,always,often,before,lately,recently,once,twice,ever,never 等连用。

例如：

Shehasalreadycome.  她已经来了。

Ihaven’treadityet.  我还没读过这个。

Ihavemethimbefore.  我从前曾见过他。

MaHonghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent.  马红一直是个好学生。

Ihaveoftenseenhiminthestreet.  我经常在街上看见他。

TheyhaveneverbeentoYan’an.  他们从未去过。

Ihaven'tseenhimlately.  我近来没看到他。

IrregularVerbs

BaseForm

PastForm

PastParticiple

bear

bore

born

beat

beat

beaten

become

became

become

blow

blew

blown

bring

brought

brought

build

built

built

buy

bought

bought

catch

caught

caught

choose

chose

chosen

come

came

come

do

did

done

drink

drank

drunk

drive

drove

driven

eat

ate

eaten

fall

fell

fallen

find

found

found

fly

flew

flown

get

got

got

give

gave

given

go

went

gone

grow

grew

grown

have

had

had

hear

heard

heard

keep

kept

kept

leave

left

left

lose

lost

lost

make

made

made

put

put

put

read

read

read

run

ran

run

say

said

said

see

saw

seen

sell

sold

sold

send

sent

sent

sing

sang

sung

sink

s ank/ sunk

sunk

take

took

taken

teach

taught

taught

write

wrote

wrote

am,is

was

been

are

were

been

Exercise:

I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.

1.I____already____（see）thefilm.I________（see）itlastweek.

2._____he____（finish）hisworktoday?

Notyet.

3.Myfather____just____（come）backfromwork.Heistirednow.

4.Where’sLiMing?

He__________（go）totheteacher’soffice.

5.I__________（work）heresinceI______（move）herein1999.

6.SofarI_______________（make）quiteafewfriendshere.

7.Howlong________theWangs______________（stay）here?

Fortwoweeks.

8.I________just___________（finish）myhomework.

9.He________（go）toschoolonfooteveryday.

10.____you______（find）yoursciencebookyet?

11.Ifit____（be）finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.

12.Thestudents____________（read）Englishwhentheteachercamein.

13.Look!

Themonkey__________（climb）thetree.

14.Mymother__________（come）toseemenextSunday.

15.I'velostmypen._________you________（see）itanywhere?

1.have,seen,saw  2.Has,finished  3.has,come  4.hasgone  5.haveworked,moved  6.ha ve made  7.ha ve ,stayed  8.have,finished   9.goes  10.have,found  11.is  12.werereading  13.isclimbing  14.iscoming  15.Have,seen

II.Choosethebestanswer. 

1.Howlonghaveyou_______here?

A.come        B.got          C.arrived        D. been

2.Mygrandpadied_________.

A.attheageofmy2          B.for2years   

C. whenIwas2.       D.myagewas6.

3.Janehas_____to BeiJing .Shewillcomebacktomorrow.

A.been        B. gone        C.went       D.neverbeen

4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.

A.after       B. since       C.for       D.that

5.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?

--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.

A.met        B. havemet       C.hadmet       D.willmeet

6.--Whatanicedress!

Howlong_____you_____it?

--Just2weeks.

A.will,buy    B.did,buy      C.are,having     D. have,had

7.--Doyouknow Lydia verywell?

--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.

   A.havemade     B.havebecome   C. havebeen     D.haveturned

8.TheSmiths_______in China for8years.

A.haslived       B.lived       C. havebeen     D.live

9.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking. CanIspeaktoMr.Black?

 --Sorry.He______the Bainiao Park .

A.hasbeento     B. hasgoneto     C.wentto     D.willgoto

10.--____youever____tothe US ?

--Yes,twice.

A.Have,gone     B. Have,been   C,Do,go       D.were,going

III. Rewritethesentences. 

1. IhavebeentoMacaubefore. （ 改为否定句 ）   

I_ _______________ __beento Macau before. 

2. Hehasn’tcometoschool becausehewasill .（ 就划线部分提问 ）

___ ______ ____hecometoschool?

3. Iboughanewbikejustnow. （ 用 just 改写 ）     

I ____just____anewbike. 

4. WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.（ 改为同义句 ）

We________English____threeyears

5 . Hehasneversurfed, ___ ____ ___ ____?

 （ 改成反意疑问句） 

6 . Theyhavebeenhere since2000 . （ 对划线部分提问 ）                   

___ ____ ___ ____have theybeenhere?

7 . Theoldman_________lastyear.He has ___ ____ ___ ____forayear.（die） （动词填空）

8 . MissGaoleftanhourago. （ 同义句转换 ）

MissGao has _______________________anhourago.

A sk thequestions

1）Ihavebeentherefortwodays.

______ __________________ _____you____________________ ?

2）Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.

____________________________yourfather___________________?

3）Helefthere yesterday.

_________________he___________________?

4）Theyboughtabook twohoursago.

_____________________they__________abook ?

Keys:

 1.Howlonghave,beenthere  2.Howlonghas,livedhere   3.Whendid,leavehere     4.Whendid,buy

Use “ never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since ” tofillintheblanks.

1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.

2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.

3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.

4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?

”“No,Ihave________seenit.”

5.“Hasthebusleft_______?

”“Yes,ithas_________left.”

Keys:

 1.never  2.just,already 3.for  4.ever,never 5.yet, just/already

现在完成时练习题及答案

一、翻译下列句子：

你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？

2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。

3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。

4. 他已经吃过午饭           

5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？

6. 我哥哥还没回来。

7. 这本字典我已买了三年了。

8. 他离开中国三年了。

9. 我认识他们五年了。

10. 他们已去了美国五年了。

11. 自从他搬到，他就住这儿了。

12. 我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。

13. 自从 1999 年以来他们就认识。

14. 我来到这个学校已 3 年多了。

二、用 since 和 for 填空

1.______twoyears           2.____twoyearsago

3.___lastmonth            4.______1999

5._______yesterday           6._______4o’clock

7  4hours              8._____anhourago

9.___wewerechildren   

10._____lunchtime

11.____shelefthere

12.HehaslivedinNanjing___theyearbeforelast.

13.I’veknownhim______wewerechildren.

14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese______threeyears.

15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity______abouttenyears.

16.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.

三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。

① arriveat/insp/getto/reachsp/come/go/movetosp

→ beinsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere

1）HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.He           Beijingfor            .

2）Imovedt otheUSAin2008.     I          theUSAsince          .

3）Iwenthomeyesterday.         I             homefor                  .

4）Theycameherelastweek.      They___________heresince_____________.

② cometo/gobackto /return to → bebackto     goout → beout

1）Hecameouttwoyearsago.He______________for____________.

2）WereturntoBeijingyesterday.We_______________toBeijingsince__________.

③ become → be

1）Ibecameateacherin2000. I________________ateache rfor_________________.

2）Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver______________dirtyfor_______________.

④ close → beclosed            open → beopen

1）Theshopclosed