英语 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析.docx

英语 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析.docx

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英语高考英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析

【英语】高考英语阅读理解专项训练100（附答案）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   WhatdoLeonardodaVincii,MarieCurie,andAlbertEinsteinhaveincommon?

Theywereallleft-handed,alongwithotherfamouspeopleincludingBradPittPrinceWilliam,andBarackObama.Infact,anestimated13percentoftheworld'spopulationmaybeleft-handedandstillmostpeoplearoundtheworldareright-handed.

   Whatmakesapersonbecomeright-handedratherthanleft-handed?

Asyetnoonereallyknowsforsure.Onesimpleideasuggeststhatpeoplenormallygetright-handednessfromtheirparents.Studieshavefoundthattworight-handedparentshaveonlya9.5percentchanceofhavingaleft-handedchild,whereastwoleft-handedparentshavea26percentchanceofhavingaleft-handedchild.Anothercommontheoryisthatleft-handedpeoplesuffermildbraindamageduringbirth,whichmakesthemleft-handed.However,ifthistheoryweretrue,itwouldnotexplainwhythepercentageofleft-bandedpeopleissosimilarineverysociety,whenbirthconditionsvarysomuchfromsocietytosociety.

   Whateverthereasonsbehindit,people'sattitudestowardleft-handednesshavechangedalotovertheyears.Statisticsshowthatalthough13percentofyoungpeople（10-20yearsold）areleft-handed,only6percentoftheelderlyareleft-handed.Left-handedchildrenusedtobepunisheduntiltheybeganusingtheirrighthandlikeotherchildren,buttodaypeoplewhoareleft-handedarenolongerlookeddownonnoraretheyconsideredabnormal.Formostpeopletoday,eithercaseisperfectlyacceptable.

（1）Whatmakesoneright-handed?

A. Theenvironment.                                             

B. Mildbraindamageduringbirth.

C. Thereasonisuncertain.                                   D. Otherpeople.

（2）Whyisthenumberofyoungpeoplewhoareleft-handedbiggerthanthatoftheelderly?

A. Becausetheelderlyareforcedtobecomeright-handed.         

B. Becauseleft-handedpeopleareconsideredabnormal.

C. Becauseleft-handednesscanbecured.         

D. Becausetheyoungareeasilydamaged.

（3）Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A. Left-handedpeoplearelookeddownupon.         

B. Generalfactsaboutleft-handedpeople.

C. Somefamousleft-handedpeople.                 

D. Thereasonswhypeopleareleft-handed.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，关于左撇子现象作者进行了介绍和说明。

（1）考查细节理解。

第二段中讲了很多右手的使用比左手平常的可能性原因，根据”Asyetnoonereallyknowsforsure.”可知，虽然对于右手的使用比左手更为普遍这一现象有不同猜测，但是原因不明。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段“Statisticsshowthatalthough13percentofyoungpeople（10-20yearsold）areleft-handed,only6percentoftheelderlyareleft-handed.Left-handedchildrenusedtobepunisheduntiltheybeganusingtheirrighthandlikeotherchildren,buttodaypeoplewhoareleft-handedarenolongerlookeddownonnoraretheyconsideredabnormal.”可知，以前的左撇子孩子都会受到鄙视或者被认为是不正常的，所以，那一代的孩子会被惩罚直到他们改变这样的习惯，但是，现在人们的态度已经转变了。

故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。

本文以客观、中立的态度描写了关于“左撇子”的一些事实，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Throughouthistory,artist,inventors,writersandscientistshavesolvedproblemsintheirdreams.Now,let'shavealooktogetheratsomeofthem.

   ⒈PaulMcCartneyFoundYesterdayinadream

   PaulMcCartneyisoneofthemostfamoussingers/songwritersofalltime.AccordingtotheGuinnessBookofRecords,hisBeatlessongYesterday（1965）hasthemostcover（翻唱）versionsofanysongeverwrittenand,accordingtorecordlabelBMI，wasperformedoversevenmilliontimesinthe20thcentury.

   ThetuneforYesterdaycametoPaulMcCartneyinadream.

   “Iwokeupwithalovelytuneinmyhead.Ithought,'That'sgreat,Iwonderwhatthatis?

'Therewasanuprightpianonexttome,totherightofmybedbythewindow.Igotoutofbed,satatthepiano,foundG,foundFsharpminor----andthatleadsyouthroughthentoBtoEminor,andfinallybacktoE.Itallleadsforwardlogically.Ilikedthemelodyalot,butbecauseI'ddreamedit,Icouldn'tbelieveI'dwrittenit.Ithought,'No,I'veneverwrittenanythinglikethisbefore.'ButIhadthetune,whichwasthemostmagicthing!

”

   ⒉MaryShelley'sFrankenteinInspiredbyaDream

   Inthesummerof1816,nineteen-year-oldMaryWollstonecraftGodwinandherlover,thepoetPercyShelley（whomshemarriedlaterthatyear）,visitedthepoetLordByronathisvillabesideLakeGenevainSwitzerland.Stormyweatherfrequentlyforcedthemindoors,wheretheyandByron'sotherguestssometimesreadfromavolumeofghoststories.Oneevening,Byronchallengedhisgueststoeachwriteonethemselves.

   Mary'sstory,inspiredbyadream,becameFrankentein（科学怪人）.

   “WhenIplacedmyheaduponmypillow,Ididnotsleep,norcouldIbesaidtothink----Myeyesshut,Isaw------withmyacutementalvision----thepalestudentofunholyartskneelingbesidethethinghehadputtogether.Isawtheuglyfigureofamanstretchout,andthen,ontheworkingofsomepowerfulengine,showsignsoflife,andtremblewithanuneasymotion,extremelyfrightful.ThenextmorningIannouncedthatIhadthoughtofastory.Ibeganthatdaywiththewords,'ItwasonadullnightofNovember',makingonlyatranscript（文字稿）ofthecruelterrorofmywakingdream.”

（1）Wecanlearnfromthewholepassagethat_________.

A. Somegreatstories,poemsandsongswerecreatedwhiletheirwritersslept         

B. PaulMcCartneylikeswritingsongsindreams

C. FrankenteinwaswrittenbyByron'sguests         

D. ByronwasanuglyfrightfulFrankentein

（2）Theunderlinedword“melody”hasthesimilarmeaningof_______.

A. dream                               

B. song                               

C. tune                               

D. instrument

（3）Whichisthebesttitleofthewholepassage?

A. TheGreatestwriters                                         

B. Themostfamoussongandstory

C. Greatdreamsthatcometrue                          

D. Howtodream

【答案】

（1）A

（2）C

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，纵观历史，很多艺术家、发明家、作家和科学家都曾经在梦中解决问题。

本文举例讲述了两个梦境成真的故事。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Throughouthistory,artist,inventors,writersandscientistshavesolvedproblemsintheirdreams.Now,let'shavealooktogetheratsomeofthem.”可知，很多艺术家、发明家、作家和科学家都曾经在梦中解决问题。

因此可知，一些伟大的故事，诗歌和歌曲是在作家睡觉的时候创作的。

故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据  ⒈PaulMcCartneyFoundYesterdayinadream部分中的“Iwokeupwithalovelytuneinmyhead.”可知，“我”醒来脑海中还有那可爱的旋律，结合下文的叙述，我身边正好有钢琴，我下了床，坐在钢琴边，谱出了曲子合乎逻辑，因此可知，此处表示我非常喜欢这个曲调。

melody指的是曲调。

故选C。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据开篇所说，结合下面的举例可推知，文章主要是在讲梦想照进现实，梦在现实中成真了。

因此推断C项“好梦成真”为最佳标题。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.It'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.AnewstudyshowsthatAmericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.

   Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody,aswellastheirimpactonhumanhealth.

   Hopingtofillinsomeofthesegaps,aresearchteamledbyKieranCox,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofVictoria,lookedat26papersassessingtheamountofmicroplasticsincommonlyconsumedfooditems,amongwhichareseafood,sugars,salts,honey,alcoholandwater.Theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation（吸入）usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sreportedrespirationrates.Basedonthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.Whenmicroplasticstakeninthroughinhalationaretakenintoaccount,therangejumpstobetween74,000and121,000particlesperyear.

   Theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater."Thisshowsthatsmalldecisions,overthecourseofayear,reallymatterandhaveanimpact."Coxsays.Thenewstudy,accordingtoitsauthors,wasthefirsttoinvestigate"theaccumulativehumanexposure"tomicroplastics.Butinalllikelihood,theresearchtellsonlyasmallpartoftheentirestory.Collectively,thefoodanddrinkthattheresearchersanalyzedrepresent15percentofAmericans'caloricintake.Theteamcouldnotaccountforfoodgroupslikefruits,vegetablesandgrainsbecausetheresimplyisnotenoughdataontheirmicroplasticcontent.

   Forthoseworriedaboutmicroplasticconsumption,cuttingdownbottledwaterisagoodplacetostart.Buttotheheartoftheproblem,wehavetostopproducingandusingsomuchplastic.

（1）Whatmakesitdifficulttoknowmicroplasticscommonlyexistinthehumanbody?

A.Thequality.

B.Thequantity.

C.Theshape.

D.Thesize.

（2）HowdidKieranCox'steamcalculatethepotentialconsumptionofmicroplastics?

A.Bystudyingpapers.

B.Bycomparingtheimpacts.

C.Byanalyzingthedata.

D.Byconductingexperiments.

（3）Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

A.Drinkinglessplasticbottledwaterhelpstotakeinfewermicroplastics.

B.Thestudyisamongtheearliesttoinvestigatehumanexposuretomicroplastics.

C.Cox'steamgainedcomprehensiveinformationofmicroplasticstakeninbyhumans.

D.Peopleconsume74,000to121,000particlesofmicroplasticsperyearfromfoodanddrink.

（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ThePotentialProblemsofMicroplastics

B.MicroplasticsComingFromVariousSources

C.MicroplasticsFoundWithin