英语演讲教案课程.docx

英语演讲教案课程.docx

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英语演讲教案课程

Revisedat2pmonDecember25,2020.

英语演讲教案课程

Introduction

Whatispublicspeaking?

•Publicspeaking,asitsnameimplies,isawayofmakingyourideaspublic–ofsharingthemwithotherpeopleandofinfluencingotherpeople.

ABriefIntroductiontopublicspeaking

I.HowtoPrepareaSpeech

•StatingYourObjectives：

◇inform

◇train

◇persuade

◇sell

•AnalyzingYourAudience

Whattolearnabouttheaudience?

Theiropinionsandlevelsofpriorknowledgeofyoursubject;theirlikelybias,bothpersonalandprofessional

howdoyoulearnit

Askthepersonwhohasinvitedyoutospeak.Findoutwhattheoccasionisandifthereisaprogramtheme.

•ChoosingaSpeechTopicandtheSpeechTheme

SixCriteria

1.Thetopicshouldbeinterestingtoyou.

2.Itshouldbeinterestingtoyouraudienceoratleastbecapableofbeingmadeinterestingtothem.

3.Itshouldbeappropriatetothesituation.

4.Itshouldbeappropriatetothetimeavailable.

5.Itshouldbemanageable.

6.Itshouldbeworthwhile.Don'twasteyouraudience’stime.

•GatheringandSelectingAppropriateMaterials

convincingmaterials

sevenmajortypesofmaterials:

descriptionsandexplanations,statistics,examples,testimony,comparisonandcontrast,repetitionandrestatement,andvisuals.guidelines

•OutliningYourSpeech

guidelines:

1.Writeandlabelyourspecificpurposeatthetopofyouroutline.

2.Indicatemainideas,points,sub-points,andsupportingmaterialsproperly.

3.Useatleasttwosubdivisions,ifany,foreachpoint.

Usingsubdivisionshelpsyougiveattentiontoallthepointsyouwanttosay.

4.Labeltheintroduction,mainbodyandconclusion.

II.HowtoWriteaGreatSpeech

•OrganizingtheBodyoftheSpeech

A.TheIntroduction

A.Itshouldintroducethetopic.providingbackgroundinformation,definitionsexplanations,etc.

B.Generallyitshouldcontainthethesisstatement.

C.Itshouldbeinterestingenoughtomakethelistenerwanttocontinuelistening.Anecdotes,shockingstatistics,quotes,andrhetoricalquestions

D.Itshouldindicatehowyourtopicwillbedeveloped.

E.tellyourlistenersWHYtheyshouldlistentoyou;suchashowtheywillbenefit.

F.includethemethodoforganizationthatyouwillfollow.Thishelpsthelistenerprepareforwhatyouaregoingtosayandhelpthemorganizetheinformation.

Aneffectiveintroduction

•Createsafavorablefirstimpressionwiththeaudience

•Boostsaspeaker’sself-confidence

Gainingattention

•relatethetopictotheaudience

•Statetheimportanceofthetopic

•Startletheaudience

•Arousethecuriosityoftheaudience

•Questiontheaudience

•Beginwithquotation

•Tellastory

•Usingvisualaids

•…

Revealthetopic

•Clearlystatesthespeechtopic

•Establishthecredibilityandgoodwillofthespeaker

Previewthebody

•Tellsaudiencewhattolistenforintherest

•Provideasmoothlead-in

•Presentspecialinformation

B.MainBody

a.Eachmainpointdiscussesoneaspectofthethesis.

b.Themainpointsshouldbelinkedwithcleartransitionssoastogivethebodycoherenceandunity.

C.Conclusion

Aconclusioncanrestatethethesis.

Aconclusioncanrestatethemainpoints.

Aconclusioncancallforsomesortofaction（particularlyinapersuasivepiece）

Aconclusioncanhighlightareasforfurtherresearch.

Aconclusioncansuggestresultsorconsequences.

Aconclusioncanremindtheaudienceoftheimportanceoftheinformationpresented.

Thespeakercanthanktheaudiencefortheirattention.

AconclusionshouldNEVERbringupanewtopic.

AspeakershouldNEVERapologizefortheirinformation.Thelastthingyouwanttohappenisfortheaudiencetoquestionyourcredibility.

2functionsofconclusion

•Signaltheendofthespeech

•Reinforcetheaudience’sunderstandingofthespeech

•UsingSpeechLanguage

A.UsingLanguageAccurately

B.UseLanguageClearly

C.UselanguageVividly

III.HowtoDeliveraGreatSpeech

•PhysicalDelivery

1.posture

Apublicspeakershouldlookcomfortable,confidentandpreparedtospeak.Inposture,thetwoextremestoavoidarerigidityandsloppiness.

2.facialexpressions

Yourfacialexpressionmustmatchwhatyouaresaying.

3.movement

a.Neverturnyourbackontheaudiencewhileyouarespeaking.

b.Ifyoumoveaboutonthestage,makeyourmovementspurposeful.

c.Beawareofallpotentialobstaclesonthestage.

4.gestures

5.Eyecontact

Letyourgazemoveovereachmemberoftheaudience

don’tchooseonepersonandlookfixedlyathimorher.

avoidthetemptationtolookovertheheadsofyouraudienceortoholdyournotesinfrontofyourface.

6.Appearance

Thewayyoudressandpresentyourself

Dressappropriatelytotheaudience

•VocalDelivery

Vocaldeliveryreferstotheuseofyourvoicetoconveyyourmessage.

1.rate

Rateisthespeed

nottooslowlyortooquickly.Varyingyourratecanbecritical.

2.pause

temporarystops

pausebeforeandafteramajorpoint.Youcanusepausestoillustratethatyouarechangingfromonepointtoanother.Youcanusepausesforemphasis

3.volume

Volumereferstohowloudonespeaks

SpeaktoosoftSpeaktooloud

changingthevolumeatcertainpointsemphasizeimportantideas.

Raisingyourvoiceloweringyourvoice

4.pitch

Pitchreferstothehighorlowqualityofyourvoice.

Volumeismeasuredintermsofloudness.

Thepitchofyourvoiceinpublicspeakingreferstothe“excitement”or“enthusiasm”levelinyourvoice.

pitchcanberaisedandloweredforemphasis.

varyyourpitch.

5.Pronunciation

6.articulation:

notslur,speakclearly

IV.HowtoAnalyzeandEvaluateSpeech

•three“M”s:

matter,mannerandmethod.

SpeakingtoPersuade

I.Persuasion:

aPsychologicalprocess

•A.Persuasionisthemostcomplexandthemostchallenging.

•（controversialtopics,involvingvaluesandbeliefs;listeners’ownideas）

•B.Listeners:

mentalgive-and-take

•（listeners:

assessmentonspeakers）

II.TheTargetAudience

•Thepartofthewholeaudienceaspeakermostwantstoreachwithhismessage.Agreeanddisagreeaudience

•AdaptthespeechtothevaluesandconcernsoftheTA

•Donotexcludeotherlisteners

III.Monroe’sMotivatedSequence

•Monroe'smotivatedsequenceisatechniquefororganizingpersuasivespeechesthatinspirepeopletotakeaction.

•AlanH.Monroe（PurdueUniversity）1930s

•whatcreatesmakesamotivationalspeechactuallymotivating.

•a5-stepmethodfororganizingmotivationalspeeches.

Gettheattentionofyouraudienceusingadetailedstory,shockingexample,dramaticstatistic,quotations,etc.

.Hey!

Listentome,IhaveaPROBLEM!

Showthattheproblemaboutwhichyouarespeakingexists,thatitissignificant,andthatitwon'tgoawaybyitself.Usestatistics,examples,etc.Convinceyouraudiencethatthereisaneedforactiontobetaken.

.LetmeEXPLAINtheproblem.

.

Youpresentyourplanandshowhowitwillwork.Besuretoofferenoughdetailsabouttheplan.

.But,IhaveaSOLUTION!

Telltheaudiencewhatwillhappenifthesolutionisimplementedordoesnottakeplace.Bevisualanddetailed.

.IfweIMPLEMENTmysolution,thisiswhatwillhappen.

.

Telltheaudiencewhatactiontheycantakepersonallytosolvetheproblem.Sayexactlywhatyouwanttheaudiencetodoandhowtodoit.

.Youcanhelpmeinthisspecificway.AreYOUwillingtohelpme?

AdvantageofMMS

•Itemphasizeswhattheaudiencecando.Monroe'smotivatedsequenceemphasizestheactiontheaudiencecantake.

•SampleSpeech：

TheUltimateGift

IV.PersuasiveSpeechesonQuestionsofFact

•A.seektopersuadeaudiencetoacceptthespeaker’sviewofthefactsonaparticularissue.

.Willtheeconomybebetterorworsenextyear?

•B.differentfromaninformativespeech

IS:

giveinformationasimpartiallyaspossible≠argueforapointofview

PS:

persuadetheaudiencetoacceptthespeaker’sviewabouttheinformation.Inatriallawyerjuryguilt/innocentdefendant

V.PersuasiveSpeechesonQuestionsofValue

•A.Judgmentsbasedonaperson’sbeliefsaboutwhat’srightorwrong

•B.2steps:

1.definethestandardsforvaluejudgments

2.judgethesubjectofthespeechagainstthestandards.

VI.PersuasiveSpeechesonQuestionsofPolicy

•A.dealwithspecificcoursesofaction:

involvequestionsoffactandvalue;gobeyondthat

•B.2types:

1.gainpassiveagreementthatapolicyisdesirable,necessary&practical

2.motivatetheaudiencetotakeimmediateaction

•C.3basicissues–need,plan&practicality

1.need:

（no）needforachange

2.aspecificplan:

solvetheneed

3.practicality:

Plan:

workable,solvetheneedwithoutcreatingnewproblems

VII.MethodsofPersuasion

A.Buildingcredibility

–1.Credibilityaffectedby:

competence&character

competence:

speaker’sintelligence,expertise&knowledgeofthesubject

character:

speaker’ssincerity,trustworthiness

–2.3typesofcredibility:

initialcredibility;derivedcredibility;terminal~

–3.3strategiesto↑credibility:

a.explainingtheircompetence

b.establishingcommongroundwiththeaudience

c.deliveringspeechesfluently,expressivelyandwithconviction

B.UsingEvidence

–1.examples,statistics,testimony

–2.4tipstouseevidenceeffectively:

usespecificevidence;novel~;use~fromcrediblesources;makeclearthepointofthe~

C.Reasoning

–Reasoning:

theprocessofdrawingaconclusionbasedonevidence

–usereasoningfromspecificinstances

–usereasoningfromprinciple

–useanalogicalreasoning,×casualreasoning

D.EmotionsAppeals

–1.EmotionsAppeals（motivationalappeals）:

makelistenersfeelsad,happy,angry,fearful,etc.

–2.3ways:

withemotionallychargedla