英语高考英语试题真题分类汇编阅读理解及解析.docx
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英语高考英语试题真题分类汇编阅读理解及解析
【英语】高考英语试题真题分类汇编阅读理解及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Anyonecantrytoleadagroup,butnoteveryindividualiscutoutforleadership.Thebetterleaderspossessafewqualitiesthatcanmeanthedifferencebetweenthesuccessandfailureofthegroup.Thesearethequalitiestheleaderofhigherrankwilllookforwhenchoosingaleaderforagroup,orwhenevaluatingtheperformanceofaleader.They'realsothequalitiesteammemberswantinagroupleader,andappreciatewhentheyfindthem.
TakeResponsibility
Groupleadersmightsharetasksaroundagroupasnecessary,buteventuallyagroupleaderneedstobeabletoacceptthatresponsibilityliesonhisshoulders.Thatmeansthatifthingsgowronginagroupproject,he'stheonewhomustaccepttheconsequencesandworkoutwhatmistakesaremade.Thegroupleaderwon'talwayshavethepowertocontroleverythinggroupmembersdo,butheshouldbereadytoadmitanymistakesthegrouphasmadeasaresultofhisleadership
ConcernforMembers
Thegroupleaderhasacommitmenttothetaskorprojectathand,butperhapsmoreimportantly,hehasarealconcernforeachandeverypersonwhoispartofhisgroup.Thismeansgettingtoknowthestrengths,weaknessesandgoalsofteammembers,aswellasmakingtimetobuildthegroupthroughcollectiveactivities.Thegroupleadershouldmakesurethateveryoneisincluded,evenifanindividualisnewtoagroup.
GoodListener
Thegroupleaderneedstobeabletolistentothesuggestions,complaintsandideasofgroupmembers.Notonlywillthisallowcomplaintstobeaddressedandpotentiallysuitableideastobeputintopractice,butaleaderwholistenswillalsoencouragegroupmemberstosharetheirconcernsandthoughts,creatinganatmosphereoffreespeechandproductivity.
(1)Thepassageismainlyabout____________.
A. choosingagoodleaderforagroup.
B. assessingtheperformanceofaleader.
C. teammembers'appreciationofaleader.
D. qualitiesofagoodgroupleader.
(2)Agoodleadershouldalwaysbeableto_______.
A. tellwhenthingsgowronginagroupproject.
B. recognizeanymistakesashisown.
C. makegroupmembersadmittheirmistakes.
D. controleverythinggroupmembersdo.
(3)Accordingto"Concernsformembers",whichofthefollowingisagoodqualityofaleader?
A. fair
B. reliable
C. determined
D. generous
(4)Whichofthefollowingisnotabenefitofthegroupleaderbeingagoodlistener?
A. Offeringachanceforgroupmemberstoexpressthemselvesfreely.
B. Makingitpossibletodealwithgroupmembers'complaints.
C. Allowingtheleadertoputhisideasintopractice.
D. Makinggroupmembersproductivebysharingtheirthoughts.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了关于好的领导所应具备的能力和品质的:
责任心、关爱和善于倾听。
(1)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“Thesearethequalitiestheleaderofhigherrankwilllookforwhenchoosingaleaderforagroup,orwhenevaluatingtheperformanceofaleader.They'realsothequalitiesteammemberswantinagroupleader,andappreciatewhentheyfindthem.”可知本文主要介绍了领袖人物所要具有的品质,同样这些品质也是团队成员想在领袖身上看见的。
故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Thegroupleaderwon'talwayshavethepowertocontroleverythinggroupmembersdo,butheshouldbereadytoadmitanymistakesthegrouphasmadeasaresultofhisleadership.”可知作为团队领袖,应该愿意接受成员所犯的错误,并愿意把这些错误当成是由于自己的原因造成的。
故选B项。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Thegroupleadershouldmakesurethateveryoneisincluded,evenifanindividualisnewtoagroup.”可知领袖要确保团队里所有人都参与活动,包括新人在内。
也就是说要保持公平的态度。
故选A。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Notonlywillthisallowcomplaintstobeaddressedandpotentiallysuitableideastobeputintopractice,butaleaderwholistenswillalsoencouragegroupmemberstosharetheirconcernsandthoughts,creatinganatmosphereoffreespeechandproductivity.”可知ABD三项都是领袖人物善于倾听带来的好处,只有C项没有提及,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
ItwaswhenIwaswalkingtomyoffice,trailedbythreeyoungpeoplewhoseagesrangedfrom16to25,flowingdownthecorridorbehindmelikethetailofakite,thatIthoughtofitforthefirsttime.
ThiscouldbebecauseIamnotactuallyamother.Untilrecently,Iwasnota"real"stepmothereither.ButIhavebeenlivingwiththemanwhoisnowmyhusband,Bernardofor10yearsandinthose10years,notonlyhavehisyoungerdaughtersspenteveryotherweekendandhalfoftheirschoolholidaywithusbutalsohissonhaslivedwithusfull-time.Infact,whenBernardoaskedmetomovein,heaskedhissonforpermissionfirst.
Beingastepmumishardenoughbutbeingasort-of-step-motherisaboutthemostawkwardpositionamaturewomancanfindherselfin.Withmysort-of-steppies,Ihaveoccupiedaplaceofinfluence,powerandsometimesextremeangerbyturns.Ihavesteppedonadelicatepathbetweenbeingagrown-upfriend,abridgeofinfluencewiththeirfather,thewomanofthehouse,andafigureofauthority–butnottoomuch.
Lovethekidsorhatethem,youmustalwaysrememberthatnomatterhowmuchyoucook,clean,hug,comfortanddiscipline,youwillneveractuallycount.
Tosurvive,ItrainedmyselftolovethestepkidsashardasIcould,butnottocare.It'sahandypieceofgoodmentalhealthtrickeryIrecommendtoanyoneinmyposition.Icanhelpwithhomework,yes,butnotbotherabouttheresultsofthathomework.Icanteachthemgoodmanners,butnotcareaboutthebadhabitstheylearnathome.Semi-detachedistheposition.
(1)WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutBernardo?
A. Bernardoseldomcaresaboutthekids.
B. Bernardodislikeslivingwithhiskids.
C. Bernardorespectstheopinionofhiskids.
D. Bernardodoesn'trecognizehiswifeasa"real"stepmother.
(2)Whatdoestheauthorthinkofherroleinthefamily?
A. Shewastotallyfavoredbythekids.
B. Shehasactedasanenemyofthekids.
C. Shedidn'thaveanyinfluenceinthefamily.
D. Shewasthecommunicationbridgebetweenkidsandtheirfather.
(3)What'stheauthor'sadviceforstepmothersinthelastparagraph?
A. Bepartlyengagedinkids'life.
B. Carelittleaboutkids'behavior.
C. Seldomgetinvolvedinkids'homework.
D. Becometheabsoluteauthorityofthefamily.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了作为一个继母应该如何与孩子相处才是一个适当的度。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Infact,whenBernardoaskedmetomovein,heaskedhissonforpermissionfirst.”Bernardo再婚让妻子搬进家里,还要征求孩子们的同意,由此可推断出Bernardo尊重孩子的意见。
故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Ihavesteppedonadelicatepathbetweenbeingagrown-upfriend,abridgeofinfluencewiththeirfather,thewomanofthehouse,andafigureofauthority...”我走上了一条微妙的道路,既是成年孩子的朋友,又是孩子与父亲的之间影响的桥梁,既是家里的女主人,又是权威人物…”故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“It'sahandypieceofgoodmentalhealthtrickeryIrecommendtoanyoneinmyposition.Icanhelpwithhomework,yes,butnotbotherabouttheresultsofthathomework.Icanteachthemgoodmanners,butnotcareaboutthebadhabitstheylearnathome.Semi-detachedistheposition.”可知,作者对于继母的建议就是部分地参与到孩子们的生活中。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Osaka,Japan—DefendingchampionsChinaliftedtheFIVBWomen'sVolleyballWorldCuptrophy(奖杯)withperfect11straightwinsaftereasingpastArgentina3-0hereonSunday.Withtheireleventhwinatthe2019FIVBVolleyballWomen'sWorldCup,ChinawontheFIVBWomen'sVolleyballWorldCup.
Thisyear,theWorldCuphasbeenplayedacrossdifferentcities,andTeamChinahadtrainingsessionsevenontravelingdayswhensomeparticipatingteamschosetorestupafteratiringflight."CoachLangfocusesondetailsofthetechniqueinthetrainingsessions,andIfeelourteamhasbecomemorebalanced."CaptainZhuTingsaid.ThisfirmapproachexplainshowChinamanagedtoturnthetableagainsttheUnitedStatesattheWorldCup.Neverquit,especiallyinadversity.That'swhatthespiritofChinesewomen'svolleyballmeans.
Whentheteamstruggled,Zhuwasalwaysthere,doingwhateverwasneededtocarrytheteamforward.That'swhyshehasbecomeanationalvolleyballicon,justlike"IronHammer"Lang.AsforLang,shetookovertheflagfromherformercoachYuanWeimin,whowasbehindChina'sriseinthebeginning.FromcoachYuantocoachLang,andspiker(主攻手)LangtospikerZhu,theflagbearersmayhavechangedovertime,butthecravingforchampionshipsandthesteelydesireanddeterminationremainthesame.
Volleyballisateamsportandbehindtheon-courtteamthereisalwaysasupportivecoachingteamandstaff.Laiwasoneofthemembers,shoulderingresponsibilitiesasbothvicedirectorofChina'sVolleyballManagementCenterandasassistantcoach.Apartfromcoordinatingbetweencoachesandplayers,ChinesecoachesandforeigncoachesandsometimeswithinChinesecoaches,shealsohastodochores.DuringRio2016,assistantcoachYuanLingxiheadedforthearena(竞技场)at6ameverydaytofilmthematchesandwouldreturntotheOlympicVillageat2amwhenhewouldstartanalyzingChina'sopponentsandfilereports.TherearemanyLaisandYuansthatarenotknownbythepublic,butwhoremainindispensablefortheteamtoovercomedifficultiesandreachtheirpeak.
(1)WhatdoesthespiritofChinesewomen'svolleyballmeanaccordingtoparagraph2?
A.Beingaspecialteam.
B.Stickingtotheend.
C.Winningeverygame.
D.Traininghardeveryday.
(2)WhydoesZhuTingbecomeanationalvolleyballicon?
A.ShewinsmanyawardsintheWorldCup.
B.Shekeepsstrongdesireanddetermination.
C.Shetakeslotsoftrainingafterthe