专题10 世界与环境真题训练备战高考英语阅读理.docx

专题10 世界与环境真题训练备战高考英语阅读理.docx

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专题10世界与环境真题训练备战高考英语阅读理

专题10世界与环境

真题训练

Passage1（2017年·江苏卷）

题型

体裁

话题

难度

建议时间

阅读理解

说明文

应对气候变暖的新途径

★★★★☆

8分钟

OldProblem,NewApproaches

Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions（排放）peak.Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.

Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:

＂Thereisno‘one-sizefitsall’adaptation.＂Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.

Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity（连体）toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:

hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondspreventstarvationduringthewetseason.

ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers（冰川）thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel’sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation（灌溉）water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,soNorphel’sicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.

IncreasingEarth’sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses（whichreflectlightbacktospace）haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.

InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitsof"100ideastosavetheplanet＂.

Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.AfriendofmineownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.Thisiscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe’velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it’sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.

Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthatway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.

65.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies____________.

A.adaptationisanever-changingprocess

B.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtime

C.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationforms

D.adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging

66.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan’sproject?

A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.

B.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.

C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.

D.Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.

67.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?

A.Storingiceforfutureuse.

B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.

C.Changingtheirrigationtime.

D.Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.

68.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?

A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.

B.Theglobalwarmingtreadcannotbestopped.

C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.

D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.

69.Accordingtotheauthor,pollutingindustriesshould____________.

A.adapttocarbonpollutionB.planthighlyprofitablecrops

C.leavecarbonemissionaloneD.fightagainstcarbonpollution

70.What’stheauthor’spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?

A.Settingupanewstandard.B.Reducingcarbonemission.

C.Adaptingtoclimatechange.D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.

【话题解读】文章大意：

文章关注的是我们熟悉的话题——气候变暖，不同的是，文章给出了一些应对气候变暖的新途径。

65.A【解析】one-sizefitall意为＂通用的，万全之策＂，句意：

不存在通用的适应性方法。

下句Nevertheless表转折，再根据＂therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost＂可知，没有放之四海而皆准的方法，即适应是需要根据情况不断做出调整，而非一成不变的。

66.C【解析】根据第三段中的＂MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.＂可知，Rezwan会从危机中看到机遇，会充分利用现有条件。

68.D【解析】根据倒数第四段中的＂Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.＂和倒数第三段中的＂paintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice＂可知，将墙壁涂成白色是利用了光的反射原理，这样可以缓解气候变暖。

69.D【解析】根据倒数第二段中的＂Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe’velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it’sanonsense...＂可知，作者不赞成＂我们已经在与碳污染的斗争中失败了＂这样的说法，说明作者建议污染企业行动起来。

Passage2（2016年·北京卷）

题型

体裁

话题

难度

建议时间

阅读理解

说明文

通过电击和药物治疗拯救加州兀鹰

★★★☆☆

6分钟

CaliforniaCondor’sShockingRecovery

CaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica’slargestbirds,withwind-lengthofupto3meters.Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning（铅中毒）nearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.

Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewildtobebred（繁殖）.Since1992,therehavebeenmultiplereintroductionstothewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.

Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.“Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon’tseethepowerlines,”saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution（电死）iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.

Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.Tallpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock.Beforethetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofset-freedbirdsdiedofelectrocution.Thishasnowdroppedto18%.

Leadpoisonoushasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney（肾）failuresanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtopayoff.Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to5.4%in2011.

Rideout’steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors’averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears.“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,”hesays.“Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”

63.Californiacondorsattractresearchers’interestbecausethey_________.

A.areactiveatnight

B.hadtobebredinthewild

C.arefoundonlyinCalifornia

D.almostdiedoutinthe1980s

64.Researchershavefoundelectricallinesare_________.

A.blockingcondors’journeyhome

B.bigkillersofCaliforniacondors

C.restplacesforcondorsatnight

D.usedtokeepcondorsaway

65.AccordingtoParagraph5,leadpoisoning_________.

A.makescondorstoonervoustofly

B.haslittleeffectoncondors’kidneys

C.canhardlybegottenridoffromcondors’blood

D.makesitdifficultforcondorstoproducebabybirds

66.Thispassageshowsthat_________.

A.theaveragesurvivaltimeofcondorsissatisfactory

B.Rideout’sresearchinterestliesinelectricengineering

C.theeffortstoprotectcondorshavebroughtgoodresults

D.researchershavefoundthefinalanswerstotheproblem

【话题解读】加州兀鹰是北美最大的鸟类，翼展可达3米。

20世纪80年代，由于触电和铅中毒，加州兀鹰几乎绝迹。

现在，正通过电击和药物治疗拯救加州兀鹰。

64.B【解析】细节理解题。

根据第三段“Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff...Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution（电死）iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.”可知，兀鹰不知道停在电线上翅膀同时触到两根及两根以上电线会触电身亡，它们经常停在电线上休息，结果，很多兀鹰被电死了，故选B。

66.C【解析】推理判断题。

根据“justundereightyears”可知，在野外生存的兀鹰的平均寿命太短，排除A；根据“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever”可知，目前采用的措施并不能永远有效，排除D；根据第六段“Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputi