专题10 世界与环境真题训练备战高考英语阅读理.docx

1、专题10 世界与环境真题训练备战高考英语阅读理专题10 世界与环境真题训练Passage 1（2017年江苏卷）题型体裁话题难度建议时间阅读理解说明文应对气候变暖的新途径8分钟Old Problem, New Approaches While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions（排放）peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease tod

2、ay, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation. When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new sta

3、ndard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: There is no one-size fits all adaptation. Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost. Around the world, people are adapting in s

4、urprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and

5、 are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity（连体） to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds prevent starvation during

6、the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water wil

7、l arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphels inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigatio

8、n(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000 m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphels ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, per

9、haps, be able to find other means of adapting.Increasing Earths reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up qui

10、ckly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun

11、painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its of 100 ideas to save the planet.More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A fr

12、iend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like thiseither by growing new produce, or

13、by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, its a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.Human bei

14、ngs will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.65. The underl

15、ined part in Paragraph 2 implies _.A. adaptation is an ever-changing process B. the cost of adaptation varies with timeC. global warming affects adaptation forms D. adaptation to climate change is challenging66. What is special with regard to Rezwans project?A. The project receives government suppor

16、t. B. Different organizations work with each other.C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation. D. The project connects flooded roads and highways.67. What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?A. Storing ice for future use. B. Protecting the glaciers from melting.C. Ch

17、anging the irrigation time. D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers.68. What do we learn from the Peru example?A. White paint is usually safe for buildings.B. The global warming tread cannot be stopped.C. This country is heating up too quickly.D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.69.

18、According to the author, polluting industries should _.A. adapt to carbon pollution B. plant highly profitable cropsC. leave carbon emission alone D. fight against carbon pollution70. Whats the authors preferred solution to global warming?A. Setting up a new standard. B. Reducing carbon emission.C.

19、Adapting to climate change. D. Monitoring polluting industries.【话题解读】文章大意：文章关注的是我们熟悉的话题气候变暖，不同的是，文章给出了一些应对气候变暖的新途径。65.A【解析】one-size fit all意为通用的，万全之策，句意：不存在通用的适应性方法。下句Nevertheless表转折，再根据there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost可知，没有放之四海而皆准的方法，即适应是需要根据情况不断做出调整，而非一成不变的。66.C【

20、解析】根据第三段中的Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.可知，Rezwan会从危机中看到机遇，会充分利用现有条件。68.D【解析】根据倒数第四段中的By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.和倒数第三段中的painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life

21、-giving ice可知，将墙壁涂成白色是利用了光的反射原理，这样可以缓解气候变暖。69.D【解析】根据倒数第二段中的When the polluting industries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, its a nonsense.可知，作者不赞成我们已经在与碳污染的斗争中失败了这样的说法，说明作者建议污染企业行动起来。Passage2（2016年北京卷）题型体裁话题难度建议时间阅读理解说明文通过电击和药物治疗拯救加州兀鹰6分钟Ca

22、lifornia Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.I

23、n the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they g

24、o in to rest for the night, they just dont see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training are

25、as, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%. Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodi

26、es of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a

27、chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011. Rideouts team thinks that the California condors average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Alth

28、ough these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ”63. California condors attract researchers interest because they _.A. are active at nightB. had to be bred in the wildC. are found onl

29、y in CaliforniaD. almost died out in the 1980s64. Researchers have found electrical lines are _.A. blocking condors journey home B. big killers of California condorsC. rest places for condors at nightD. used to keep condors away65. According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning _.A. makes condors too nerv

30、ous to fly B. has little effect on condors kidneysC. can hardly be gotten rid of from condors bloodD. makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds66. This passage shows that _.A. the average survival time of condors is satisfactoryB. Rideouts research interest lies in electric engineeringC.

31、the efforts to protect condors have brought good resultsD. researchers have found the final answers to the problem【话题解读】加州兀鹰是北美最大的鸟类，翼展可达3米。20世纪80年代，由于触电和铅中毒，加州兀鹰几乎绝迹。现在，正通过电击和药物治疗拯救加州兀鹰。64.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Electrical lines have been killing them off.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, re

32、sulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.”可知，兀鹰不知道停在电线上翅膀同时触到两根及两根以上电线会触电身亡，它们经常停在电线上休息，结果，很多兀鹰被电死了，故选B。66.C【解析】推理判断题。根据“just under eight years”可知，在野外生存的兀鹰的平均寿命太短，排除A；根据“Although these measures are not effective forever”可知，目前采用的措施并不能永远有效，排除D；根据第六段“They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put i