3104 sample questions.docx

3104 sample questions.docx

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3104samplequestions

7（a）Whatdoesmanpowerplanninginvolvefromthefirmsperspective?

Whyisitimportant?

Manpowerplanrepresentsaresponseofthepersonnelfunctiontoensurethatthenecessarysupplyofpeopleisforthcoming即将来临的toallowthetargettobemet.Intheory,amanpowerplanningshouldshowhowthedemandforpeopleandtheirskillswithinanorganizationcouldbebalancedbysupply.

Manpowerplanningsignificancelinkedtobusinessstrategyandplanning.Theplansissolutiontodefinedproblem,anditlinkedtotheorganisationsstrategytakingintoaccountfactorsthatmayimpactperformance.Duringthisprocess,itmayconductaSWOTanalysis,whichassesstheorganisationsstrengthsandweakness,andassessopportunitiesandthreatsaffectingit.

3104samplequestions2013

CriticallyevaluatethedevelopmentsinHumanResourceStrategiesthatoccurredafterscientificmanagement.Dotheseapproachesresolveanyoftheproblemsinherentinthescientificmanagementapproach?

Justifyyouranswer.

Afterthewidespreadapplicationofscientificmanagementwhichjustfocusonimprovingtheprofitsbythemethodsofprecisedesigningtoolsandequipment,systematicattentiontotheworkshoplayoutandcontroloflabourcost，theenvironment,whichincludesmarketsegments,competition,inflationrates,unemploymenthadchanged.Peoplebegantopayattentiontotheaffectiononthephilosophyoflabours,andtranslatetheirbeliefstothelabourmanagement.TheHawthorneexperimentstudiedtherelationshipbetweenworkingconditionandworkersperformance.Theresourceprovedthatworkersperformancesarerelatedtothenicetreatment.Sequentially,othertheories,suchasMaslow’shierarchofneedsandDouglas’sTheoryXandYappearedtodividethemanagementstyle.Duringthistime,jobevaluationandsystemsofpaymentwereconsideredpreciously.Thecompaniesbegantoinstalledemployeeinvolvementprogramme,qualitycirclesandflexitimejobtoimprovetheproductivity.Theseaspectsmadetheworkersmoremotivatedandimprovedtheefficiencyofthecompany.Meanwhile,companiesstressedonstrategicintegration-organizationandpersonnelstructuresandsystemsshouldbedesignedtosupportor“fit”thestrategyoftheorganization,andstaffweremanagedandtreatedsothattheyarecommittedtotheorganizationanditsgoals.Nowadays,humanresourcestrategieshavebecomeoneofthemostimportantfactorsintheentrepreneurialplanning.

Theseapproachesresolvedseveralproblemsinherentinthescientificmanagement.Theemployerschangedtheirattitudestothelabourforce.Insteadofcompellingworkers,theorganizationadoptedmoreflexiblemethodswhichreducedthecontradictionbetweentheemployersandemployees.Rewardandpromotionsystemsmotivatedtheworkerstobemoreefficiencyandenergetic,thereforereducedtheabsenteeismandhighturnover.Forinstance,theJapanesecompany,whichadoptedtechnologicalcontrolflexiblesystemthatallworkerscanparticipantinthedirectionofthecompany,hadbeenexpandedrapidlyprovedtheissue.

1.（a）Explainwhatismeantbytheterm‘jobdesign’?

Workrefertothephysicalandmentalactivitiesthatarecarriedoutatparticularplacesandtimes,accordingtotheinstitutions,inreturnformoney.Jobdesignisaprocesswhichcombinesthetasksandresponsibilitiestoformcompletejobsandrelationshipsofjobsintheorganization.Jobdesignisaspecificationforworkandworkistheobjectofjobdesign.

（b）WhatisTaylorismandexplainitadvantagesanddisadvantages.

泰罗在20世纪初创建了科学管理理论体系，他这套体系被人称为“泰罗制”，泰罗认为企业管理的根本目的在于提高劳动生产率，他在《科学管理》一书中说过：

“科学管理如同节省劳动的机器一样，其目的在于提高每一单位劳动的产量”。

而提高劳动生产率的目的是为了增加企业的利润或实现利润最大化的目标。

泰罗制的主要内容包括：

1、管理的根本目的在于提高效率。

2、制定工作定额。

3、选择最好的工人。

4、实施标准化管理。

5、实施刺激性的付酬制度。

6、强调雇主与工人合作的“精神革命”。

7、主张计划职能与执行职能分开。

8、实行职能工长制。

9、管理控制上实行例外原则。

（c）DiscussotherdevelopmentsinHumanResourceStrategiesthatoccurredsinceTaylorismandtheiradvantages.

2.

（a）Explainwhatismeantbymanpowerplanning人力策划?

（b）Outlinethemainfeaturesofscientificmanagementandexplaintheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheapproachtotheorganisationofwork.

（c）Whatisre-engineering?

Doesthisapproachresolveanyoftheproblemsinherentinthescientificmanagementapproach?

3.

（a）Withtheaidofadiagram,criticallyevaluatethecompetitivelabourmarketapproachtorecruitingworkersandoutlineitscontributiontounderstandingtheremunerationoflabour.

（b）Inwhatwaysdoesthecompensatingdifferentialmodelprovideamorerealisticviewofthelabourmarket?

（c）Describethefeaturesofanytwomodelsofefficiencywages.Howdomodelsofefficiencywagesdiffertothemodelofcompensatingwages?

4.

（a）Outlineanythreetheoriesofmotivation.

（b）Explaintheimplicationsofeachofthesemotivationtheoriesforrewardstrategy.

（c）“Theproblemisnotthatincentivescan’tworkbutthattheyworkalltoowell”（GeorgeBaker,RethinkingRewards,HarvardBusinessReview,Nov-Dec,1993:

44-45）.Discussthisstatement.

5.（a）Explaintheincentiveconflictsthatcanarisewithinafirminrelationtoownersandmanagers/workers.

（b）Cancontractsplayaroleincontrollingtheincentiveprobleminfirms?

（c）Discussvariouscompensationschemesthatcanbeusedbyafirm,outliningtheirpotentialadvantagesanddisadvantages.

6.

（a）Explainthefollowingtypesofcompensationschemes

（i）Teambonuses

（ii）Profitsharing

（iii）Tournamentpay

（b）Itissuggestedthatideallyworkersshouldbeinvolvedindesigningcompensationstrategies.WhatotherprinciplesshouldaHumanResourceManagerbemindfulofindesigningcompensationstrategiesforworkers?

（c）Discusswhenaperformancerelatedpaysystemislikelytobemosteffectiveandwhenitislikelytobeleasteffective.

7.

（a）Whatdoesmanpowerplanninginvolvefromthefirmsperspective?

Whyisitimportant?

（b）DescribethecomponentsofSmithsTheoryofNetAdvantages.

（c）Howdoesthismodelofcompensatingwagesdiffertotheefficientwagemodelinexplainingwagedifferences?

Topic3LaborSupply

8.

（a）Distinguishbetweenincomeandsubstitutioneffectsinlaboursupply.

IncomeandSubstitutionEffects

Anincreaseinthewageratecausesbothincomeandsubstitutioneffects,whichalteranindividual’sdemandforleisureandsupplyoflabour.

Incomeeffect

——Idon’tneedtoworkasmanyhoursnow

Anincreaseinincomeenablestheindividualtopurchasemoreofallgoodsandifleisureisanormalgoodmorewillbepurchasedandfewerhoursareworked.

Theincomeeffectcapturestheindividual’sreactiontothechangeinrealincomecausedbythechangeinthewagerate.

Moreofanygoodcanbepurchased

Capturestheindividualsreactiontothechangeinrealincomecausedbythechangeinthewagerate,holdingconstantthechangeintherelativepriceofleisure

Ifleisure=NormalGood

Moreofitpurchased

Lesswork（mustbeundertakenifmoreleisureconsumed）

Substitutioneffect

——it’sworthmywhiletoworkmorehoursnow

Workingintheoppositedirection,thesubstitutioneffectofawageincreasecausestheindividualtodemandlessleisureandworkmoreasanhourofleisureisnowmoreexpensive.

Thesubstitutioneffectcapturestheindividual’sreactiontothechangeintherelativepriceofleisureholdingconstanttheindividualsutility.

SUBSTITUTIONEFFECT:

worksinoppositedirection

Capturesindividualsreactiontothechangeintherelativepriceofleisureholdingconstantrealincome

TheOpportunitycostofleisure=W/P

IfW/Pincrease（wagesrise）

Costofleisureincrease

Buylessofleisure（asitisnowmoreexpensive）

ThismeanspersonmustdoMOREWORK

（左图的分析如下substitutioneffectdominant）

TherehasbeenariseinthewageratefromW1/PtoW2/P

Bydrawinganimaginarybudgetlinethatistangenttotheoriginalindifferencecurve,butwiththeslopeofthenewwage,wecananalysetheimpactofbotheffects

MovefromAtoB

AC=SubstitutionEffect（buylessleisure）

Ariseinthewageratemeansariseintheopportunitycostofleisure

CB=IncomeEffect（lesswork,becauseindividualisbetteroff）

Ariseintherealwage,increasedtheindividualsutility

Fromthetheoryoflaborsupply,wecanknowtherearetwotendencies,substitutioneffectandincomeeffect.Thesetwooccupydifferentproportionatdifferentincome.Theemployeeswhoatthelowerwageratewillincreasetheirlaborsupplywhenimprovetheirwagerate.Atthismoment,substitutioneffectdominates.

右图的分析incomeeffectdominant

Butitdoesnotworkfortheemployeeshavinghighenoughwagerate.Increasingthewageratewillmakethemdecreasetheirlaborsupply,becauseitwilllettheemployeesachieveatargetwagewithfewerhoursandpersuadepeopletoworklessandenjoymoreleisuretime.Theincomeeffectatthismomentdominates.

Therefore,thistheorytellsusthatraisingwageratecanenhancelaborsupply,butincreasingitconstantlywillhaveoppositeeffect.

（b）WhatistheLaffercurve?

Discussitsusefulness.

拉佛曲线，税收的关系Theremaybeanyotherincentivefactorsinfluencingincome.Forexample,increasingtaxeswillencouragelabortosubstituteawayfromthemarketworkhourinfavorofuntaxedactivities-leisure.

Ineconomics,theLaffercurveisarepresentationoftherelationshipbetweenpossibleratesoftaxationandtheresultinglevelsofgovernmentrevenue.Itillustratestheconceptoftaxableincomeelasticity.

i.e.,taxableincomewillchangeinresponsetochangesintherateoftaxation.Itpostulatesthatnotaxrevenuewillberaisedattheextremetaxratesof0%and100%andthattheremustbeatleastoneratewheretaxrevenuewouldbeanon-zeromaxi