高三复习 语法专项十一 基本句型.docx
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高三复习语法专项十一基本句型
语法专项十一基本句型
英语的五种基本句型结构:
★主语+不及物动词(SV)
★主语+连系动词(SVC)
★主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO)
★主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOD)
★主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)
S+V
Heworks.
Heisstudying.
①主语 + 谓语(vi.)+状语(从句)
Thesunsetsinthewest.
Hewentnowhere
②主语 + 谓语(vi.)+名词短语
Wehadcomealongway.
Hewaited(for)twoyears.
S+V+C
Heisastudent/inyellow/there…
1主语+be+表语
表语由下列词充当:
名词、形容词、副词、介词(短语)、动词不定式、分词(短语)、动名词、从句等
②主语+其它连系动词+表语
这些连系动词包括:
appear,continue,feel,go(变成),keep,lie(处于…状态),look,prove,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,become,come,fall,get,grow,turn
Boblaysick.
Hisdreamcomestrue.
S+V+O
Anideastruckme.
①主语 + 谓语(v.+prep) + 宾语
Itdependsontheweather.
(备用词:
actas,agreeon/with/to,arrivein(at),comeacross,baseon,breakinto,sufferfrom,leadto,preferto,thinkof,fireat,reachfor,quarrelabout,worryabout)
②主语 + 谓语(v.+adv.) + 宾语
Ithoughtovertheplan.
Ithoughtitover.
(备用词:
bringout(up),thinkout,turnoff(on,out,down),givein)
NOTICE:
●v+adv.+prep.getalongwith,addupto,doawaywith,breakawaywith,keepupwith,goaheadwith,gothroughwith
●v.+n.+prepmakeuseof,makefunof,catchsightof,takecareof,taketheplaceof,takealookat,takepridein
③主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 介词 + 宾语
punishedhimforbeinglate.
Theteachercongratulateshimonhissuccess.
comparesthiswiththat.
S+V+O+D(间接宾语由代词和名词充当)
①主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
Willyoulendmeyourpen,please?
Sheboughthimmanytoys.
②主语+谓语+直接宾语+介词+代词或名词
Willyoulendyourpentome,please?
Sheboughtmanytoysforhim.
间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有:
allow,bring,deny,do(带来),give,grant,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,permit,promise,read,refuse,render,restore,sell,send,show,teach,tellwish,write等。
间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有:
bring,buy,cash,choose,fetch,get,leave,make,order,paint,play(演奏),save,sing,spare等。
S+V+O+C
宾语和宾补之间的关系有两种:
●主表关系:
①Ifindthebookinteresting.(主谓宾+形容词)
②Isawhimthere. (主谓宾+副词)
③Ifoundthebookonthedesk. (主谓宾+介词)
④Weelectedhimmonitor.(主谓宾+名词)
●主谓关系:
①Theysawthethiefrunningaway.(主谓宾+现在分词)
②Wheredidyouseehimknockeddown?
(主谓宾+过分词)
③Whatmakesyouthinkso?
(主谓宾+动词不定式)
It句型
1.It+be+adj.+(forsb)todosth→sth+be+adj.+todo
ItisnoteasytolearnEnglish.(Englishisnoteasytolearn.)
备用词:
difficult,necessary,important,quick,hard,etc.
2.It+be+adj.+ofsbtodosth→sb.+be+adj.+todosth
ItwasfoolishofTomtosellsuchasuitasthattoamillionaire.
(Tomwasfoolishtosellsuchasuitasthattoamillionaire.)
备用词:
wise,clever,bright,kind,nice,silly,stupid,cruel,etc.
3.Ittakessb+sometime+todosth→sbspendstimeindoingsth
Ittookhimtwodaystofindtheelephant.
(Hespenttwodaysinfindingtheelephant.)
4.Itisnousedoingsth.
Itisnouseregrettingyourpastmistakes.
备用词:
nogood,useless,etc.
5.Itcostssb.+money+todosth
Itcostthem36,000francstobuythenecklace.
→Thenecklacecostthem36,000francs.
Theyspent36,000franconthenecklace.
Theyspent36,000francs(in)buyingthenecklace.
Theypaid36,000francsforthenecklace.
Theyboughtthenecklacefor36,000francs.
6.It+be+adj.(n.)+that-clause
Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.
Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.
备用词:
natural,surprising,true,wonderful,etc.
7.It+be+adj.+that-clause(shoulddosth)
Itisnecessarythathe(should)bepresentatthemeeting.
备用词:
strange,important,impossble
8.It+be+p.p.+that-clause
itissaidthathehasbeenillforyears.(Heissaidtohavebeen…)
备用词:
reported,known,believed,decided,announced,etc.
9.It+be+p.p.+that-clause(shoulddosth.)
Itisdemandedthatthehomework(should)befinishedatonce.
备用词:
ordered,suggested,required,requested,etc.
10.Itseems+that-clause→sb.+seems+todosth.
Itseemsthattheyaretalking.(Theyseemtobetalking.)
备用词:
happen
11.Itis+sometimesince-clause→sb.has+p.p.+fortime
Itisthreeyearssincehecamehere.(Hehasbeenhereforyears.)
12.Itis+被强调部分+that(who)
Itisthroughstrugglethatwelearnthistruth.
13.It+betime+forsth/todosth./that-clause
Itistimeforsupper.Itistimetohavesupper.
Itistimethatweshouldhavesupper.
Itistimethatwehadsupper.
14.It+be+long(时间段)+before-clause
Itwillnotbelongbeforeweturnourhopeintoreality.
15.Itis(just)likesb.todosth.
该句型为“某人(恰恰)是。
。
。
这个样子”。
用来表示赞扬或不满,若用否定式,则表示怀疑。
It’slikehimtoleavetheworktoothers.
他就是这样的一个人,把工作推给别人。
Itisn’tlikehimtohavesaidanythinglikethat.他可不是说出那种话的人。
16.Itisuptosb.todosth.
该句型为“该由某人做。
。
。
”。
该句型中up后的to是介词。
ThereBe结构
1、主谓一致:
Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.
2、反意问句:
Thereusedtobeawellthere,use(d)n’t/didn’tthere?
3、各种时态:
Therewillbeafilmthisafternoon.
Thereisgoingtobealecturetomorrow.
Therehavebeengreatchangeinourcitysince1988.
4、therebe中的非谓语形式:
Therearealotofstudentswaitingoutside.
Therewereelevenpeoplekilledinthisaccident.
There’ssomeoneatthedoortoseeyou.
(Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.)
5、含情态动词:
Theremust(may,might)beraintomorrow.
Thereoughttobenotrouble
6、与其它动词连用:
Thereseemstobeareasonforchangingtheirplan.
Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanexpected.
Therehappenstobenobodyintheroom.
Idon’twanttheretobeanytrouble.
7、there+v.
Theregoesthebell.
Onthehill(there)standsahouse.
8、Thereisnodenyingthefact+that从句(不可否认的......)
例句:
不可否认的,我们的生活质量已经每况愈下。
Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthequalitiesofourlivinghavegonefrombadtoworse.
句子结构
一、特殊疑问句(常用疑问词)
★WHAT
●what…like?
①人或事物的外观特征;②天气
What’syourbrotherlike?
(长相或人品)
What’sttheweatherliketoday?
Howdoyoulikethefilm?
Whatdoyoulike?
●whattime/date/year…
--What’sthedatetoday?
--(It’s)October15.
--Whatdatewillhearrive?
--(He’llarrive)onOctober15.
●what…for?
=why
--What’sitfor?
--(it’sfor)cuttinggrass.
--Whatdidyoudothatfor?
--BecauseIwantedtosavetime.
(Tosavetime.)
●whatkind(s)/sort(s)of…?
Whatkindofpicture(s)doyoulikebest?
●whatsize
--Whatsizeshoesdoyoutake?
--(Size)41.
●whatheight/length/depth/age
→howhigh/long/deep/old
What’stheheightofthatmountain?
Whatheightisthatmountain?
Howhighisthatmountain?
★WHICH
●whichday/month/year…?
(比when更具体)
--Don’tforgethisbirthday?
--Iwon’t.Which/Whatdayisit?
●which/what/who比较
which更具体,或用whichone
Whichbookareyougoingtobuy?
(哪本书)
Whatbookareyougoingtobuy?
(哪种书)
Whodoyoulikebest?
Whichonedoyoulikebest,TomorJack?
★WHY
●Whynot(don’tyou)buyanewcoat?
●--Letssetouttonight.--Yes,whynot.
★HOW
●Howisyourmother?
Howisyourmothergettingalong?
●Howistheweatherthere?
What’stheweatherliketoday?
●Howdoyoufindthefilm?
Howdoyoulikethefilm?
How/Whataboutthefilm?
Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?
●--Howoftendoyougotothezoo?
--Onceeverytwomonths.
●--Howsoonwillyoubereadytostart?
--Intwodays.
●Howfarisitfromheretotheairport?
◇综合问题
①简答中介词跟在疑问词之后
--Iwanttoleavethisparcel.
--Whofor?
(leavesthforsb)
②else跟在疑问词后(which和whose除外)
Whereelsedidyougo?
③用do作简略回答
--Whowantsalift?
(搭便车)--Ido.
--Howmanystudentsunderstoodthis?
--Theyalldid.
④用ever,onearth或intheworld放在疑问词后强调
Whereonearth/intheworld/everdidyoupickthatup?
二、反意疑问句
1、陈述句主语是-one,-body时,疑问部分主语用they
Nobodysaysaword,dothey?
2、陈述句主语是-thing,this,that时,疑问部分主语用it
Everythingseemsallright,doesn’tit?
3、陈述句主语是从句、动词不定式、动名词时,疑问部分用it
Swimmingisgreatfun,isn’tit?
4、感叹句的反意疑问句(感叹句的附加疑问句,其谓语要求用否定句。
)
Whatfineweather,isn’tit?
5、祈使句的反意疑问句
Dothat,willyou?
(won’tyou)
6、Let’s…,Letus…
Let’sgo,shallwe?
Letusgo,willyou?
7、I’m
I’minterestedinEnglish,aren’tI?
8、Iwish…
IwishIwereyou,mayI?
9、含hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldliketodo
You’dbettercomeearly,hadn’tyou?
You’dratherworkthanplay,wouldn’tyou?
10、陈述句部分含下列否定词时,疑问部分用肯定
few,little,hardly,never,noone,no
Thereislittleinkinyourpen,isthere?
11、加前后缀构成的否定,疑问部分仍然用否定
It’sunfair,isn’tit?
12、陈述部分有must
①mustbe对现在情况进行推测
Hemustbeverytired,isn’the?
②musthavedone(对过去推测)有过去时间状语
Hemusthavecomeyesterday,didn’the?
③musthavedone(由过去延续到现在)
Hemusthavelivedhereatleast10years,hasn’the?
④must+v.一定要,必须
Youmustrenewthebook,needn’tyou?
13、当陈述部分是一个(带that引导宾语从句的)主从复合句时,附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。
但是,当陈述部分的主语是:
Isuppose,Ithink,Ibelieve,Iimagine,Iexpect等结构时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语,谓语保持一致关系。
而且要注意到否定的转移问题。
14、当陈述部分是I’msurethat,;wearesure;I’mafraidthat;Wearesurethat;Ifeelsurethat等后面跟宾语从句时,反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。
15、当陈述部分是并列句时,附加疑问句的主谓语要合离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。
16、在口语和非正式文体中,为了加强语气,只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答,这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。
如:
Oh,heisawriter,ishe?
You’llnotgo,won’tyou?
反意疑问句快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语疑问部分
I’maren'tI
Wishmay+主语
no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词肯定含义
oughtto(肯定的)shouldn't/oughtn't+主语
haveto+v.(hadto+v.)don't+主语(didn't+主语)
usedtodidn't+主语或usedn't+主语
hadbetter+v.hadn'tyou
wouldrather+v.wouldn't+主语
you'dliketo+v.wouldn't+主语
感叹句中be+主语
Neither…nor,either…or连接的并列主语根据其实际逻辑意义而定
指示代词或不定代词Everything/that/nothing/this主语用it
并列复合句谓语根