高三复习 语法专项十一 基本句型.docx

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高三复习 语法专项十一 基本句型.docx

高三复习语法专项十一基本句型

语法专项十一基本句型

英语的五种基本句型结构:

★主语+不及物动词(SV)

★主语+连系动词(SVC)

★主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO)

★主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOD)

★主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)

S+V

Heworks.

Heisstudying.

①主语 + 谓语(vi.)+状语(从句)

Thesunsetsinthewest.

Hewentnowhere

②主语 + 谓语(vi.)+名词短语

Wehadcomealongway.

Hewaited(for)twoyears.

S+V+C

Heisastudent/inyellow/there…

1主语+be+表语  

表语由下列词充当:

名词、形容词、副词、介词(短语)、动词不定式、分词(短语)、动名词、从句等

②主语+其它连系动词+表语   

这些连系动词包括:

appear,continue,feel,go(变成),keep,lie(处于…状态),look,prove,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,become,come,fall,get,grow,turn

Boblaysick.

Hisdreamcomestrue.

S+V+O

Anideastruckme.

①主语 + 谓语(v.+prep) + 宾语

Itdependsontheweather.

(备用词:

actas,agreeon/with/to,arrivein(at),comeacross,baseon,breakinto,sufferfrom,leadto,preferto,thinkof,fireat,reachfor,quarrelabout,worryabout)

②主语 + 谓语(v.+adv.) + 宾语

Ithoughtovertheplan.

Ithoughtitover.

(备用词:

bringout(up),thinkout,turnoff(on,out,down),givein)

NOTICE:

●v+adv.+prep.getalongwith,addupto,doawaywith,breakawaywith,keepupwith,goaheadwith,gothroughwith

●v.+n.+prepmakeuseof,makefunof,catchsightof,takecareof,taketheplaceof,takealookat,takepridein

③主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 介词 + 宾语

punishedhimforbeinglate.

Theteachercongratulateshimonhissuccess.

comparesthiswiththat.

S+V+O+D(间接宾语由代词和名词充当)

①主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

Willyoulendmeyourpen,please?

Sheboughthimmanytoys.

②主语+谓语+直接宾语+介词+代词或名词

Willyoulendyourpentome,please?

Sheboughtmanytoysforhim.

   间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有:

allow,bring,deny,do(带来),give,grant,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,permit,promise,read,refuse,render,restore,sell,send,show,teach,tellwish,write等。

间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有:

bring,buy,cash,choose,fetch,get,leave,make,order,paint,play(演奏),save,sing,spare等。

S+V+O+C

宾语和宾补之间的关系有两种:

●主表关系:

①Ifindthebookinteresting.(主谓宾+形容词)

②Isawhimthere.   (主谓宾+副词) 

③Ifoundthebookonthedesk. (主谓宾+介词)

④Weelectedhimmonitor.(主谓宾+名词)

●主谓关系:

①Theysawthethiefrunningaway.(主谓宾+现在分词)

②Wheredidyouseehimknockeddown?

 (主谓宾+过分词)

③Whatmakesyouthinkso?

 (主谓宾+动词不定式)

It句型

1.It+be+adj.+(forsb)todosth→sth+be+adj.+todo

ItisnoteasytolearnEnglish.(Englishisnoteasytolearn.)

备用词:

difficult,necessary,important,quick,hard,etc.

2.It+be+adj.+ofsbtodosth→sb.+be+adj.+todosth

ItwasfoolishofTomtosellsuchasuitasthattoamillionaire.

(Tomwasfoolishtosellsuchasuitasthattoamillionaire.)

备用词:

wise,clever,bright,kind,nice,silly,stupid,cruel,etc.

3.Ittakessb+sometime+todosth→sbspendstimeindoingsth

Ittookhimtwodaystofindtheelephant.

(Hespenttwodaysinfindingtheelephant.)

4.Itisnousedoingsth.

Itisnouseregrettingyourpastmistakes.

备用词:

nogood,useless,etc.

5.Itcostssb.+money+todosth

Itcostthem36,000francstobuythenecklace.

→Thenecklacecostthem36,000francs.

Theyspent36,000franconthenecklace.

Theyspent36,000francs(in)buyingthenecklace.

Theypaid36,000francsforthenecklace.

Theyboughtthenecklacefor36,000francs.

6.It+be+adj.(n.)+that-clause

Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.

Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.

备用词:

natural,surprising,true,wonderful,etc.

7.It+be+adj.+that-clause(shoulddosth)

Itisnecessarythathe(should)bepresentatthemeeting.

备用词:

strange,important,impossble

8.It+be+p.p.+that-clause

itissaidthathehasbeenillforyears.(Heissaidtohavebeen…)

备用词:

reported,known,believed,decided,announced,etc.

9.It+be+p.p.+that-clause(shoulddosth.)

Itisdemandedthatthehomework(should)befinishedatonce.

备用词:

ordered,suggested,required,requested,etc.

10.Itseems+that-clause→sb.+seems+todosth.

Itseemsthattheyaretalking.(Theyseemtobetalking.)

备用词:

happen

11.Itis+sometimesince-clause→sb.has+p.p.+fortime

Itisthreeyearssincehecamehere.(Hehasbeenhereforyears.)

12.Itis+被强调部分+that(who)

Itisthroughstrugglethatwelearnthistruth.

13.It+betime+forsth/todosth./that-clause

Itistimeforsupper.Itistimetohavesupper.

Itistimethatweshouldhavesupper.

Itistimethatwehadsupper.

14.It+be+long(时间段)+before-clause

Itwillnotbelongbeforeweturnourhopeintoreality.

15.Itis(just)likesb.todosth.

该句型为“某人(恰恰)是。

这个样子”。

用来表示赞扬或不满,若用否定式,则表示怀疑。

It’slikehimtoleavetheworktoothers.

他就是这样的一个人,把工作推给别人。

Itisn’tlikehimtohavesaidanythinglikethat.他可不是说出那种话的人。

16.Itisuptosb.todosth.

该句型为“该由某人做。

”。

该句型中up后的to是介词。

ThereBe结构

1、主谓一致:

Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.

2、反意问句:

Thereusedtobeawellthere,use(d)n’t/didn’tthere?

3、各种时态:

Therewillbeafilmthisafternoon.

Thereisgoingtobealecturetomorrow.

Therehavebeengreatchangeinourcitysince1988.

4、therebe中的非谓语形式:

Therearealotofstudentswaitingoutside.

Therewereelevenpeoplekilledinthisaccident.

There’ssomeoneatthedoortoseeyou.

(Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.)

5、含情态动词:

Theremust(may,might)beraintomorrow.

Thereoughttobenotrouble

6、与其它动词连用:

Thereseemstobeareasonforchangingtheirplan.

Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanexpected.

Therehappenstobenobodyintheroom.

Idon’twanttheretobeanytrouble.

7、there+v.

Theregoesthebell.

Onthehill(there)standsahouse.

8、Thereisnodenyingthefact+that从句(不可否认的......)

例句:

不可否认的,我们的生活质量已经每况愈下。

Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthequalitiesofourlivinghavegonefrombadtoworse.

句子结构

一、特殊疑问句(常用疑问词)

★WHAT

●what…like?

①人或事物的外观特征;②天气

What’syourbrotherlike?

(长相或人品)

What’sttheweatherliketoday?

Howdoyoulikethefilm?

Whatdoyoulike?

●whattime/date/year…

--What’sthedatetoday?

--(It’s)October15.

--Whatdatewillhearrive?

--(He’llarrive)onOctober15.

●what…for?

=why

--What’sitfor?

--(it’sfor)cuttinggrass.

--Whatdidyoudothatfor?

--BecauseIwantedtosavetime.

(Tosavetime.)

●whatkind(s)/sort(s)of…?

Whatkindofpicture(s)doyoulikebest?

●whatsize

--Whatsizeshoesdoyoutake?

--(Size)41.

●whatheight/length/depth/age

→howhigh/long/deep/old

What’stheheightofthatmountain?

Whatheightisthatmountain?

Howhighisthatmountain?

★WHICH

●whichday/month/year…?

(比when更具体)

--Don’tforgethisbirthday?

--Iwon’t.Which/Whatdayisit?

●which/what/who比较

which更具体,或用whichone

Whichbookareyougoingtobuy?

(哪本书)

Whatbookareyougoingtobuy?

(哪种书)

Whodoyoulikebest?

Whichonedoyoulikebest,TomorJack?

★WHY

●Whynot(don’tyou)buyanewcoat?

●--Letssetouttonight.--Yes,whynot.

★HOW

●Howisyourmother?

Howisyourmothergettingalong?

●Howistheweatherthere?

What’stheweatherliketoday?

●Howdoyoufindthefilm?

Howdoyoulikethefilm?

How/Whataboutthefilm?

Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?

●--Howoftendoyougotothezoo?

--Onceeverytwomonths.

●--Howsoonwillyoubereadytostart?

--Intwodays.

●Howfarisitfromheretotheairport?

◇综合问题

①简答中介词跟在疑问词之后

--Iwanttoleavethisparcel.

--Whofor?

(leavesthforsb)

②else跟在疑问词后(which和whose除外)

Whereelsedidyougo?

③用do作简略回答

--Whowantsalift?

(搭便车)--Ido.

--Howmanystudentsunderstoodthis?

--Theyalldid.

④用ever,onearth或intheworld放在疑问词后强调

Whereonearth/intheworld/everdidyoupickthatup?

二、反意疑问句

1、陈述句主语是-one,-body时,疑问部分主语用they

Nobodysaysaword,dothey?

2、陈述句主语是-thing,this,that时,疑问部分主语用it

Everythingseemsallright,doesn’tit?

3、陈述句主语是从句、动词不定式、动名词时,疑问部分用it

Swimmingisgreatfun,isn’tit?

4、感叹句的反意疑问句(感叹句的附加疑问句,其谓语要求用否定句。

Whatfineweather,isn’tit?

5、祈使句的反意疑问句

Dothat,willyou?

(won’tyou)

6、Let’s…,Letus…

Let’sgo,shallwe?

Letusgo,willyou?

7、I’m

I’minterestedinEnglish,aren’tI?

8、Iwish…

IwishIwereyou,mayI?

9、含hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldliketodo

You’dbettercomeearly,hadn’tyou?

You’dratherworkthanplay,wouldn’tyou?

10、陈述句部分含下列否定词时,疑问部分用肯定

few,little,hardly,never,noone,no

Thereislittleinkinyourpen,isthere?

11、加前后缀构成的否定,疑问部分仍然用否定

It’sunfair,isn’tit?

12、陈述部分有must

①mustbe对现在情况进行推测

Hemustbeverytired,isn’the?

②musthavedone(对过去推测)有过去时间状语

Hemusthavecomeyesterday,didn’the?

③musthavedone(由过去延续到现在)

Hemusthavelivedhereatleast10years,hasn’the?

④must+v.一定要,必须

Youmustrenewthebook,needn’tyou?

13、当陈述部分是一个(带that引导宾语从句的)主从复合句时,附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。

但是,当陈述部分的主语是:

Isuppose,Ithink,Ibelieve,Iimagine,Iexpect等结构时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语,谓语保持一致关系。

而且要注意到否定的转移问题。

14、当陈述部分是I’msurethat,;wearesure;I’mafraidthat;Wearesurethat;Ifeelsurethat等后面跟宾语从句时,反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。

15、当陈述部分是并列句时,附加疑问句的主谓语要合离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。

16、在口语和非正式文体中,为了加强语气,只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答,这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。

如:

Oh,heisawriter,ishe?

You’llnotgo,won’tyou?

反意疑问句快速记忆表

陈述部分的谓语疑问部分

I’maren'tI

Wishmay+主语

no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词肯定含义

oughtto(肯定的)shouldn't/oughtn't+主语

haveto+v.(hadto+v.)don't+主语(didn't+主语)

usedtodidn't+主语或usedn't+主语

hadbetter+v.hadn'tyou

wouldrather+v.wouldn't+主语

you'dliketo+v.wouldn't+主语

感叹句中be+主语

Neither…nor,either…or连接的并列主语根据其实际逻辑意义而定

指示代词或不定代词Everything/that/nothing/this主语用it

并列复合句谓语根

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